种猪场伪狂犬病的净化策略

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病毒引起的一种以母猪繁殖障碍和仔猪高死亡率为主要特征的急性、热性高度接触性传染病。2011年以来猪伪狂犬病毒变异株导致了免疫猪群暴发该病,对养猪业造成较大的经济损失。因此,种猪场应抓住严防非洲猪瘟的有利契机,同时做好猪伪狂犬病的净化非常重要。文章简要综述了国内外常用的净化方案、净化措施,为养猪场实施净化提供参考。     

早辣一号辣椒的选育

早辣一号是以B31为母本,9203为父本配制的一代杂交种.植株生长势中等,熟性早,果实粗大,果表稍皱,果色浅绿色,果肉嫩脆,口感好,有一定的辣度,在连续低温寡照下坐果力强,高抗炭疽病,667m2产量3200kg左右.     

航天诱变及其在辣椒育种中的应用及展望

航天诱变育种又称空间诱变育种,是一种利用航天技术、现代生物技术、常规育种技术等相结合而成的新兴技术。本文从航天诱变育种的研究现状与方法上综述了国内外研究的进展和成就,并就我国目前研究中存在的问题进行了探讨,对其在辣椒育种中的应用前景进行了展望。     

肉牛企业需用商业增值手段培植品牌

分析导致肉牛养殖效益低的现状和介绍应用商业增值获得效益倍增的案例,对肉牛改良的选种、肉牛企业品牌的内涵、营销手段和消费引导等几方面阐述了肉牛企业品牌培植的策略,为肉牛企业品牌化和效益增值化道路提供了参考。     

生物技术在牧草及草坪草中的研究进展及应用前景

现代生物技术在牧草及草坪植物育种工作中的运用为其打开了一个崭新的局面。组织培养和再生体系的建立为基因片段的转移和转化提供了前提条件。本文对目前遗传转化中几种较为常见的方法作了较为详细的阐述,并对其发展趋势提出了一些看法。     

萝卜新品种热杂60的选育

萝卜新品种热杂６０以萝卜雄性不育系１２２５Ａ为母本,６０早９０－８－８－３－１３自交系为父本配制而成,肉质根近圆形,皮肉白色,生食脆嫩,煮食化渣味甜,具有耐热、早熟、抗病毒病、不易糠心等特点,一般６６７ｍ＾２产２５００ｋｇ左右,最高可达６０００ｋｇ以上。     

我国谷子育种目标的演变与发展趋势

回顾了我国谷子育种目标的演变,针对市场需要提出了近期我国谷子育种的重点与技术指标,并对未来的育种目标演变作出了预测。     

Effect of banding or burdizzo castration on plasma testosterone, acute-phase proteins, scrotal circumference, growth, and health of bulls

The objective was to assess the effect of banding or burdizzo castration performed on farms on plasma testosterone, acute-phase proteins, scrotal circumferences, growth, and well-being of bulls. 243 Continental bulls (12 months; 399.2 ± 5.72 kg) from three different farms were allocated at random, after stratification on weight within breed type, to one of three treatment groups: banding castration (BAND; n = 80), burdizzo castration (BURD; n = 83), or controls (CON; n = 80). The castration methods were conducted under local anaesthesia, and tetanus toxoid vaccine and antibiotic were also injected at castration. BAND and BURD castrates had lower (P < 0.001) plasma testosterone concentration than control bulls, with no difference between BAND and BURD castrates on 28 d post-castration. From days 0 to 14 post-castration, BAND (P = 0.0002) and BURD (P < 0.0001) castrates had lower average daily gain (ADG) than CON bulls, no difference (P = 0.46) was found between BAND and BURD castrates. From days 15 to 28, BAND castrates had lower ADG compared with BURD castrates (P = 0.03) and CON bulls (P = 0.01), while no difference (P = 0.76) was found between BURD and CON. From days 29 to 56, BAND (P = 0.01) and BURD (P = 0.002) castrates had lower ADG than CON bulls, no difference (P = 0.55) was found between BAND and BURD. From days 57 to 84, the ADG of BAND castrates was not different compared with BURD castrates (P = 0.12) and CON bulls (P = 0.38), while BURD had lower (P = 0.02) ADG compared with CON. The integrated ADG from day 0 to 112 of BAND (P = 0.0001) and BURD (P = 0.02) groups were lower compared with CON, while there was no difference (P = 0.09) between BAND and BURD castrates. On d 14 post-castration, BAND castrates had lower scrotal temperature than BURD (P < 0.0001) and CON (P < 0.0001), and BURD castrates had greater (P < 0.006) scrotal temperature than CON; BAND castrates had lower scrotal latitudinal and longitudinal circumferences than BURD castrates (P < 0.001) and CON bulls (P < 0.001), and BURD castrates had greater (P < 0.001) scrotal latitudinal and longitudinal circumferences than CON bulls. BAND (P < 0.0001) and BURD (P = 0.01) castrates had greater glucose concentration than CON bulls, and BAND castrates had greater (P = 0.04) glucose concentration than BURD. In conclusion, BAND or BURD castration significantly reduced plasma testosterone concentration; reduced average daily weight gain mainly during the first 2 weeks, which was not compensated during the subsequent 16 weeks; increased withdrawal of stored energy and increased plasma protein concentration. BURD showed an advantage over BAND in growth during days 15 to 28 following castration.     

On farm observations to increase genetic gain in breeding schemes for village poultry production – A simulation study

To improve genetic gain of breeding programs for village poultry production, breeding schemes with observations obtained in village production systems using individual (VIO) and group recording (VGO) were examined under different levels of genotype-by-environment-interactions (GxE). GxE was modeled by varying the correlation between traits measured in the breeding station and village environments for bodyweight (r_{g_BW}) and egg production (r_{g_EP}). Relative and absolute genetic gains obtained from VIO and VGO were used for comparison between the schemes. Results showed that village observations significantly improved genetic gains compared to the scheme without birds tested in the village. The improvement was only slightly larger with individual observations than with group observations. Higher r_{g_BW} and r_{g_EP} led to lower relative genetic gain, but a higher absolute gain of VIO and VGO. It is recommended to apply a breeding scheme using group recording of village performance when strong GxE in breeding for village poultry is expected.     

Evaluation of estimated genetic merit for carcass weight in beef cattle: Blood metabolites, carcass measurements, carcass composition and selected non-carcass components

In Ireland, a new beef genetic index has been developed. Growth rate is expressed as expected progeny difference for carcass weight (EPD_CWT) and is estimated on an across-breed basis. Cross-breeding of dairy cows with both Aberdeen Angus and Belgian Blue beef sires is widely practised. The objective of this study was to compare blood metabolites, slaughter traits and carcass composition of progeny from Holstein–Friesian dairy cows and Aberdeen Angus (AA), Belgian Blue (BB), Friesian (FR) and Holstein (HO) sires. The AA and BB sires were selected, within breed, to be of either high (H) or low (L) estimated genetic merit for carcass weight. A total of 170 male progeny from spring-calving cows and 42 sires (10 AA, 13 BB, 7 FR and 12 HO) were artificially reared indoors and managed together until the end of their second grazing season when they were assigned to either a Light (560 kg) or Heavy (620 kg) slaughter weight. Blood metabolite concentrations were measured six times throughout life and feed intake was recorded during the first and second winter. Carcass measurements and selected non-carcass components were recorded after slaughter and the right side of each carcass was dissected into lean, fat and bone. Differences in blood metabolite concentrations amongst genetic groups were negligible although there were some effects of the prevailing level of nutrition. M. longissimus area scaled for carcass weight was 0.220, 0.221, 0.260, 0.255, 0.212 and 0.208 (SE 0.004) cm²/kg for AAH, AAL, BBH, BBL, FR and HO, respectively. Carcass measurements scaled for carcass weight were greater for L, AA, HO and the dairy strains than for H, BB, FR and the beef breeds, respectively. There was no effect of estimated genetic merit for carcass weight on carcass composition. Statistically significant interactions between genetic merit and beef breed existed for some traits with the genetic merit effect largely evident for AA only. BB and the beef breeds had more lean, less fat and more high value lean in the carcass than AA and the dairy strains, respectively. It is concluded that genetic group had little effect on blood metabolite concentrations but there were some feeding level effects. Estimated genetic merit for carcass weight affected carcass weight, m. longissimus area and carcass measurements scaled for carcass weight but the effects were confined to AA. There were large effects of beef breed and dairy strain on carcass composition.