Finding cardiovascular disease genes in the dog

Recent advances in canine genomics are changing the landscape of veterinary biology, and by default, veterinary medicine. No longer are clinicians locked into traditional methods of diagnoses and therapy. Rather, major advances in canine genetics and genomics from the past five years are now changing the way the veterinarian of the 21st century practices medicine. First, the availability of a dense genome map gives canine genetics a much-needed foothold in comparative medicine, allowing advances made in human and mouse genetics to be applied to companion animals. Second, the recently released 7.5× whole genome sequence of the dog is facilitating the identification of hereditary disease genes. Finally, development of genetic tools for rapid screening of families and populations at risk for inherited disease means that the cost of identifying and testing for disease loci will significantly decrease in coming years. Out of these advances will come major changes in companion animal diagnostics and therapy. Clinicians will be able to offer their clients genetic testing and counseling for a myriad of disorders. In this review we summarize recent findings in canine genomics and discuss their application to the study of canine cardiac health.     

我国狐貂貉犬瘟热与细小病毒肠炎的免疫预防现状与问题

长期以来,我国狐貂貉饲养经历了多次大起大落,其原因除体制、生产及销售无序混乱外,品种退化、饲养管理粗放、技术低下和主要传染病屡有发生、流行也是重要因素。其中犬瘟热与细小病毒肠炎疫苗质量不稳定、免疫程序不合理是免疫失败而招致疫病发生、流行的关键因素。     

石河子地区犬细小病毒野毒株的PCR检测与遗传变异初步研究

为探索石河子地区的CPV野毒株是否发生遗传变异,本试验收集石河子地区自然发病犬及病死犬的粪便和组织,提取其病毒基因组,利用PCR技术对犬细小病毒VP2基因片段进行扩增,对扩增片段进行克隆和测序,并与不同地域流行株VP2基因进行比对,分析其差异。结果显示,本试验成功克隆了VP2基因,且序列分析结果显示一毒株存在14个点突变位点其和5个缺失位点,另一毒株存在7个突变位点。经基因型鉴定,野毒株的基因型均为CPV-2a型。     

犬骨不连动物模型的建立

为建立一种客观的骨不连动物实验模型,采用手术的方法将前臂桡骨中段截除1.5cm骨段(包括骨膜),骨断端用骨蜡封闭髓腔,使之形成骨不连的病理状况。于术后3个月X射线检查,结果显示两断端均有骨的生长但未能建立骨性连接,骨端硬化,髓腔封闭,符合骨不连的X射线表现,成功建立了动物模型。     

Acute Reactions in Dogs Treated with Doxorubicin: Increased Frequency with the Use of a Generic Formulation

During a 4-month period, 34 dogs with tumors received a total of 60 doses of a single generic formulation of doxorubicin; 13 acute drug reactions were observed in these 34 dogs, and no acute reactions were observed after replacing the product with the proprietary brand. These reactions were characterized by one or more of the following signs: pruritus; head-shaking; urticaria; erythema of the pinnal, axillary, or inguinal regions; vocalization; vomiting; hyperemic or pale mucous membranes; high heart rate; and high respiratory rate. We propose that a component unique to generic doxorubicin was responsible for the unusually high number of acute drug reactions observed.     

犬细小病毒JL-M13株的分离鉴定及全基因组序列分析

将检测为犬细小病毒(CPV)阳性的病料经处理后接种F81细胞盲传3代并获得一株细小病毒,命名为JL-M13。应用重叠PCR技术从JL-M13中扩增出5条核苷酸序列,拼接后进行序列分析。结果表明,所获病毒核酸基因组大小为4 621bp,与其他犬细小病毒的基因相似性为98.2%~99.4%。系统发育树分析表明,JL-M13与CPV-2毒株(EF011664.1)相似率最高,与Type-2型犬细小病毒疫苗株相距较远。     

Anaesthetic management for balloon dilation of cor triatriatum dexter in a dog

A three-month-old female Rottweiler puppy was referred for intravascular correction of a previously identified cor triatriatum dexter. Echocardiography confirmed the presence of a hyperechoic membrane that divided the right atrium into a cranial and caudal chamber. A foramen in this membrane allowed the blood to flow from the caudal to the cranial chamber. Balloon dilation of the defect under transthoracic echocardiographic guidance was scheduled for the following day. The dog was premedicated with 0.5 μg/kg sufentanil and 0.2 mg/kg midazolam administered intravenously. General anaesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg propofol and maintained with inhaled isoflurane in oxygen; at the same time, a constant rate infusion of 0.5 μg/kg/h sufentanil was administered by means of an infusion pump. Uneventful ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias developed during the placement of catheters and balloon dilation. At the end of procedure, when the guide wire and balloon catheter were removed, normal sinus rhythm was observed. To the authors’ knowledge, no previous reports have described the anaesthetic management of a balloon dilation procedure for cor triatriatum dexter in dogs.