Effect of restricted suckling on milk yield,milk composition and udder health in cows and behaviour and weight gain in calves,in dual-purpose cattle in the tropics

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of restricted suckling (RS) in dual-purpose cows and calves compared to artificial rearing (AR). Twelve Holstein-Zebu cows with calves were assigned to each treatment. Cows were milked once daily in the morning with calves present to stimulate milk let-down. RS calves suckled 30 min after milking and 30 min in the afternoon, whereas AR calves were milk-fed from nipple bottles. The daily saleable milk yield was higher in RS than in AR cows (p < 0.01; 7.44 vs 6.50 kg/day), whereas RS cows had lower milk-fat content (p < 0.001). AR cows had higher California Mastitis Test scores (p < 0.001) and lower lactose content (p < 0.001) compared to RS cows, which indicates an improved udder health in RS cows. AR calves displayed more ‘cross-suck’ during suckling/milk feeding (p < 0.001) and during observations of general behaviour (p < 0.05), and more ‘lick and sniff interior’ during milking (p < 0.05) and suckling/milk feeding (p < 0.01), compared to RS calves. During observations of general behaviour the RS calves were more often observed to ‘walk’ (p < 0.01) and ‘lick self’ (p < 0.05) and less frequently to ‘eat concentrate’ (p < 0.05) than AR calves. Results support the hypothesis that RS increases milk yield, influences milk composition and improves udder health in cows, and decreases abnormal sucking in calves.     

Evaluation of the optimal strong ion difference concentration of an oral electrolyte and buffering solution for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea

An observational study was conducted to comparatively assess the efficacy of three different oral rehydration and buffering solutions, differentiated by their strong ion difference (SID) concentration, for treatment of neonatal calves with naturally acquired diarrhea. The SID concentrations tested were 100 mM, 170 mM and 230 mM for treatments SID₁₀₀, SID₁₇₀ and SID₂₃₀, respectively. Clinical assessment and blood gas analysis were completed for 18 diarrheic calves once pre- and twice post- (6 and 24 hr after) oral administration with one of the three treatments. A repeated measure mixed model approach was used to analyze (a) the within-group efficacy of each treatment over time and (b) the between-group comparison at each timepoint. SID₂₃₀ treatment resulted in a significant increase in blood pH, HCO₃⁻, BE, SID and Na⁺ at 6 and 24 hr after treatment, and a significant decrease in AG and K⁺ by 24 hr after treatment. There were no significant changes in any of the blood gas parameters after treatment with SID₁₀₀ and SID₁₇₀. SID₂₃₀ treatment also resulted in blood gas parameter changes that were significantly different to the other two groups. These results suggest that the optimum SID concentration for the treatment of calves with diarrhea is likely to be higher than current recommendations.     

荷斯坦犊牛右心室乳头肌及腱索的形态学观察

观察了20头新生荷斯坦犊牛右心室乳头肌和腱索的形态特征。右心室内有三个乳头肌,即壁乳头肌、隔前乳头肌、隔后乳头肌。三个乳头肌中壁乳头肌最大,隔前乳头肌最小。在三例标本中隔前乳头肌缺如。乳头肌分三个型,总计60例乳头肌中,游离型6例(10%),中间型24例(40%),附着型30例(50%)。腱索总数为17.93±3.34条。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒SHpd/2012株侵染Vero细胞特性分析

为了探究PEDV(猪流行性腹泻病毒)流行毒株SHpd/2012侵染细胞的特性,研究采用IFA(间接免疫荧光)及绘制病毒一步生长曲线等方法,对感染PEDVSHpd/2012株后的Vero细胞(非洲绿猴肾细胞)病变过程进行研究。结果发现,CPE(细胞病变)主要表现为细胞肿胀、变圆、皱缩、聚集成合胞体甚至从培养瓶壁大量脱落。IFA结果显示,接毒后12h病毒开始增殖,在接毒后36h时感染细胞数量最多,其后病毒增殖速度逐步下降,60h时趋于平稳。病毒一步生长曲线结果显示,SHpd/2012株感染细胞后24~60h的毒价一直处于较高水平,60h后开始下降。此外,本研究成功克隆并真核表达了PEDV S蛋白,为研究PEDV与受体蛋白的互作及病毒的致病机制奠定基础。     

益生菌对肠内营养治疗并发腹泻的调节作用

为研究益生菌对行肠内营养治疗患者肠道适应性的调节作用,采用随机数表将157 例患者分为研究组（n＝101）和对照组（n＝56）,进行双盲、随机对照研究。根据Harris-Benedict公式测算基础能量消耗,氮供给量0.2 g/（kg?d）,研究组给予肠内营养＋益生菌,对照组给予肠内营养,治疗期10 d。统计患者的基础人口学资料及临床信息,于肠内营养治疗前和治疗后第10天观察并记录患者的体质量、体质量指数等指标,评价肠道及肾脏等重要脏器的营养代谢状况。结果表明：肠内营养治疗后第10天,2 组患者的营养不良     

凝结芽孢杆菌提高放牧黔北麻羊断奶羔羊生长和养分消化的研究

为研究凝结芽孢杆菌对黔北麻羊断奶羔羊生长性能、养分消化率和腹泻的影响,选择健康、体重相近(12kg)断奶羔羊24只,随机分成对照组和试验组2个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复4只羊。试羊放牧后分别补饲不添加和添加凝结芽孢杆菌精料200 g。每日准确计量精料饲喂量,记录羔羊腹泻数,于试验1 d、15 d和30 d空腹称量体重,计算体增重和日均增重。试验最后7 d,全粪法收集粪样,测定养分消化率。t-检验结果表明:凝结芽孢杆菌可促进羔羊生长,提高0~30 d日均增重18.10%(P0.05),日粮CP和NDF消化率的改善分别为3.98%(P0.05)和11.10%(P0.05)。试验期间,饲喂凝结芽孢杆菌羔羊未出现腹泻。结论:添加凝结芽孢杆菌有提高养分消化率,降低羔羊断奶腹泻率,促进羔羊增重的作用。     

五步推拿法辅治小儿腹泻经验

运用五步推拿法加减辅助内服中药治疗小儿腹泻,据证之虚实运用相应的补泻手法,有促进药物吸收、增强疗效、缩短疗程的作用,而且无痛苦,无毒副作用,患儿容易接受,更宜于服药困难的小儿,并举验案五则以证之。     

健脾按摩法配合口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂对小儿非感染性急性腹泻的干预效果

目的 观察健脾按摩法配合口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂治疗小儿非感染性腹泻的干预效果。方法 选择我院门诊2012年3月～2015年9月期间收治113例非感染性腹泻患儿作为研究对象,对照组（35例）、单纯推拿组（38例）与观察组（40例）。对照组口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂,单纯推拿组采取健脾按摩法,观察组口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂联合健脾按摩法,比较三组治疗前后大便次数与大便性状症状积分、IL-6、IL-17、IgA、治愈率、总有效率、不良反应发生率。结果 对照组与单纯推拿组治愈率、总有效率比较无统计学意义;观察组治愈率、总有效率分别为82.5%、100.0%,高于对照组与单纯推拿组（均P<0.05）。三组不良反应发生率及治疗前大便次数、大便性状评分、IL-6、IL-17及IgA水平差异的两两比较无统计学意义;治疗后观察组各项症候评分、IL-6、IL-17水平低于对照组与单纯推拿组,IgA高于对照组与单纯推拿组（均P<0.05）。结论 健脾按摩法配合口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂治疗小儿非感染性腹泻可调理胃肠菌群,健脾和胃、消食导滞,改善症状与机体消化功能与免疫功能,安全性与患儿接受度高。     

四川红原县牦牛隐孢子虫感染情况分子流行病学调查

为调查红原地区牦牛隐孢子虫感染情况,采用巢式PCR对采自红原县的216头份牦牛粪便进行了检测(其中包括腹泻粪便样本18份)。该地区牦牛隐孢子虫总感染率为14.8%,其中Cryptosporidium bovis 感染率为3.7%,C. ryanae感染率为5.1%, C. andersoni感染率为6.0%, 而腹泻样本并未检出隐孢子虫。以上结果表明,牦牛是隐孢子虫的天然宿主,但该实验中未见隐孢子虫和牦牛腹泻间存在明显相关性,隐孢子虫和牦牛腹泻之间的关系需要后续研究来进一步阐明。     

大黄体外抗猪流行性腹泻病毒的研究

为研究大黄对猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)感染所引起的细胞病变的抑制作用及其机理,本试验采用形态学观察法测定大黄溶液在Vero细胞上的最大安全浓度,建立体外病毒感染Vero细胞模型并利用该模型进行了大黄对病毒抑制作用的研究。结果显示,本试验成功建立了体外病毒感染模型和大黄的抗病毒试验方法;大黄在Vero细胞上的最大安全浓度为3.28 mg/mL;形态学观察法和MTT法均显示大黄不仅能阻断病毒吸附Vero细胞,抑制病毒的合成复制,还可直接灭活病毒。本研究结果表明,大黄具有抗PEDV的作用,为临床上预防和治疗猪流行性腹泻(PED)提供理论基础。