采前处理对牛奶葡萄贮藏过程中生理生化特征的影响

以宣化牛奶葡萄的贮藏保鲜为研究对象,通过肥料组、奇宝组、益果灵组3种植物生长调节剂进行采前处理牛奶葡萄贮藏保鲜试验研究。结果表明:普通肥料组采前处理对牛奶葡萄贮藏的品质和寿命影响不显著,益果灵和奇宝2种植物调节剂对牛奶葡萄贮藏的品质和寿命的影响显著。     

Alcohol diluent provides the optimal formulation for calcium chloride non-surgical sterilization in dogs

Background

Surgical castration is widely used to sterilize male dogs, but has significant impacts on time to perform the operation, recovery of the animals as well as cost, which can limit population control programs. Previous research has shown intratesticular injection of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂) in saline to be a promising alternative to surgery. However, long-term azoospermia was not maintained at dosages low enough to avoid side effects. In the search for an optimized formulation, the current investigation is the first study on long-term sterilization effects of intratesticular injection of CaCl₂ in either lidocaine solution or alcohol in dogs. CaCl₂ at 20% concentration in lidocaine solution or alcohol was administered via intratesticular injection to groups of 21 dogs each. The treated animals were examined at 2, 6, and 12 months for sperm production, blood levels of testosterone, and side effects; at time zero and 12 months for testicular size and semen volume. The experimentally treated animals were compared to a control group receiving saline injection only.

Results

Testicles of dogs treated with CaCl₂ in either diluent significantly decreased in size. After administration of CaCl₂ in lidocaine solution, sterility was achieved for at least 12 months in 75% of treated dogs. However, optimal long-term contraceptive effectiveness was achieved with CaCl₂ in alcohol, which resulted in azoospermia over the 12-month study period. Testosterone levels significantly decreased following treatment with CaCl₂, and sexual activity disappeared. Although testosterone returned to baseline levels by 12 months for the group treated with CaCl₂ in lidocaine, dogs injected with CaCl₂ in alcohol had a 63.6% drop in testosterone level, which remained at the low end of physiological range throughout the study. No adverse effects were noted.

Conclusions

A single, bilateral intratesticular injection of 20% CaCl₂ in 95% ethanol was a reliable method for induction of sterilization in 18–28 kg male dogs in this study. The approach showed long-term efficacy and reduced sexual behavior. This chemical method of sterilization might provide an effective, efficient alternative to surgical castration that can have positive impacts on dog welfare.     

芦笋种子研究进展

芦笋是一种食药同源的高档蔬菜,20世纪芦笋由欧洲传入中国,70年代初形成规模种植。目前,我国栽培面积和出口量均超过世界总量的50%。近年来,国内外对芦笋育种、栽培、药理、采收加工等方面已有很多研究,但对芦笋种子的研究相对较少。该研究对芦笋种子形态特征、化学成分、生物学特征、抗性特征以及种质资源评价与鉴定等方面进行了综述,以期为更好的研究利用提供参考。     

犬乳腺肿瘤治疗的研究进展

乳腺肿瘤是犬常见的肿瘤类型,研究犬乳腺肿瘤的治疗可以对人类乳腺肿瘤的治疗提供参考.归纳了近年来国内外乳腺肿瘤的治疗方法及进展,提出了犬的乳腺肿瘤的治疗建议,为犬的乳腺肿瘤的治疗提供了理论参考和依据.     

羊传染性胸膜肺炎防治

羊传染性胸膜肺炎是一种高度接触性传染性疾病,致病原是肺炎支原体。妊娠阶段的母羊受到病原侵染后表现为流产产下死胎,并表现出明显的繁殖障碍。近年,此病发生率逐年升高,造成的死亡现象不断增强,严重威胁养殖产业健康发展。作为养殖管理人员,应从该种疾病的流行病学、临床表现、病理变化和诊断方法等多角度入手,构建针对性的防治措施,严格落实预防为主的原则,为提高养殖效益奠定坚实的技术支撑。该文主要探讨羊传染性胸膜肺炎的防治过程。     

Effects of three kinds of calcium activator on the proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of intracellular free calcium ([Ca²⁺]i) from different resources on the proliferation mediated by mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: Cultured VSMCs were used in all experiments. Calcium influx was stimulated by angiotension Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ). The release of intracellular calcium stores was induced by inositol trisphosphate (IP₃) and ryanodine (RY). MAPK activity was measured by [γ-³²P]-ATP incorporation MAPK protein expression by western blot, VSMCs proliferation by [³H]-Leucine ([³H]-Leu) and [³H]-Thymidine ([³H]-TdR) incorporation. RESULTS: Compared to the control VSMCs, Ang Ⅱ, IP₃ and RY significantly increased [Ca²⁺]i concentration activity of MAPK and its protein content in VSMCs. The promotion of [³H]-Leu and [³H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs was also observed (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The study indicated that calcium activator-induced increase in the activity and protein content of MAPK was involved in the proliferation of VSMCs, which was closely related to the [Ca²⁺]i concentration but independent to its origin.     

四种园林植物对遮荫的生理响应及耐荫性评价

以茶梅‘小玫瑰’、冠盖藤、聚花过路黄和兰花三七4种园林植物1年生苗为试验材料,遮荫处理4个月,研究不同遮荫处理(全光照、遮荫65%、遮荫80%和遮荫95%)对植株生长及生理生化指标的影响,并用隶属函数分析法对4种植物的耐荫性进行了综合评价。结果表明:茶梅‘小玫瑰’、兰花三七在4种遮荫处理下,4个月后株高均有所增长,但冠幅表现为在遮荫65%和遮荫80%条件下,均有一定的增长,在全光照和遮荫95%条件下为先增长后减小的趋势,冠盖藤覆盖度也出现此现象,聚花过路黄在4种条件下均能生长良好。随着遮荫度增加,4种植物叶片的叶绿素a、b以及叶绿素a+b含量均为先增后减,均高于对照,叶绿素a/b值总体呈现降低趋势;可溶性蛋白质含量均有所降低;相对电导率表现为冠盖藤为先降后增,其余3种植物均为增加的趋势;MDA含量表现为兰花三七为先降后增,其余3种植物均为降低的趋势;POD活性和SOD活性表现为先增后降,除冠盖藤SOD活性表现为先降后增。隶属函数分析法综合评价4种植物的耐荫性,耐荫性顺序为兰花三七>聚花过路黄>冠盖藤>茶梅‘小玫瑰’。     

Oxygen free radical injury of myocardial mitochondria in the experimental type 2 diabetic rats

AIM: To study the mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy and abnormality of oxygen free radicals. METHODS: The contents of myocardial cytosolic cytochrome C, mitochondria cytochrome C, mitochondrial calcium, NO, MDA and the activity of SOD and NOS were determined in diabetic rats induced by STZ. The pathological changes were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Compared to the normal and ganoderma group, the levels of mitochondrial NO, iNOS, MDA, calcium and plasma Cyt-C in rat myocardium were higher (P<0.05), while mitochondrial Cyt-C and SOD were lowered in model group (P<0.05). The bouncary indistinct, disorganization, a focal loss of muscular fibril, myocardium mitochondria swelling, pulmonary vascular endothelial cellular swelling and obstructed lumen of the capillary were also observed under transmission electronic microscope. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that oxyradical and lipid peroxidation might be associated with the damage of myocardial mitochondria in NIDDM rats. Cyt-C and mitochondrial calcium is also involved in the process.     

利用固液分离技术对规模化奶牛场的粪污治理

针对规模化奶牛场的粪污处理问题,利用了固液分离技术,对奶牛场内环境治理,尤其是圈舍内的清粪环节进行减量化改进。从技术角度上优化畜舍内的环境质量,从而弥补国内外现有畜禽养殖业中粪污治理模式中的弱项。本文以天津和润畜牧养殖有限责任公司的规模化奶牛场为试验点,对其产生的粪污进行技术化固液分离,分离后的固体粪便经发酵、晾晒后可作为奶牛的卧床垫料而重复利用。污水经稀释匀浆后储存于贮水池,在采用固液分离技术后,每天的产污水量下降了22%,粪污总量约下降21%。通过技术改进,固液分离处理后的粪污中,总悬浮颗粒物占比降低,污水中总氮和总磷含量降低,化学需氧量（COD）和生化需氧量（BOD）降低60%以上,水质得到提升。固液分离技术可为规模化养殖业提供更加便捷高效的处理粪污、降低污染物含量的产业化排污模式,使规模化养殖产品更加安全健康,同时也可以使人民的日常饮食得到安全保障。