Effect of protease inhibitor bortezomib on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by affecting IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway

AIM To investigate the effect of bortezomib, a protease inhibitor, on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） and it mechanism, based on interleukin-33 （IL-33）/suppression of tumorigenicity 2 （ST2） signaling pathway. METHODS A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups： control group, model group, and low- and high-dose bortezomib groups, with 10 rats in each group. In addition to control group, the rats in other groups were used to construct RA model. Bortezomib was given intraperitoneally at 0.2 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg in low- and high-dose bortezomib groups, respectively, while the rats in control group and model group were injected with the same amount of saline, once a day for 21 d. The general situation of the rats in each group was observed, the swelling degree of the foot was calculated, and the inflammation score was evaluated. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of ankle joint. The automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect blood hemoglobin content, the total number of platelets （PLT）, serum creatinine （SCr） level and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） level. The serum levels of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, IL-33 and ST2 were measured by ELISA. The protein expression of IL-33 and ST2 in ankle tissues of each group was determined by Western blot. RESULTS On the 7th, 14th and 21th days after modeling, compared with control group, the degree of paw swelling in model group was significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with model group, the swelling degree of paw in low- and high-dose groups was decreased （P<0.05）. At the end of administration, compared with control group, the synovial cells in model group were increased and in disorder, with a lot of inflammatory exudates in the articular cavity, and the inflammatory score, the levels of PLT, SCr and BUN, the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-33 and ST2, and the protein expression of IL-33 and ST2 in ankle tissues were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with model group, the inflammatory exudates in the articular cavity of the rats in low- and high-dose bortezomib groups were decreased, and the inflammatory score, the levels of PLT, SCr and BUN, the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-33 and ST2, and the protein expression of IL-33 and ST2 in ankle tissues were decreased （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Bortezomib may reduce the inflammation and swelling of the joints in RA rats by regulating the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway.     

PVAc添加量对热压法快速固化水泥刨花板性能的影响

以杨木刨花为原料,42.5#普通硅酸盐水泥为无机胶黏剂,Na2SiO3为快速固化添加剂,研究添加聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液胶对热压快固水泥刨花板性能的影响.结果表明:①添加聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液可显著改善板材的物理力学性能;②要保证热压法快速固化水泥刨花板达到较理想的物理力学性能,应将板材在卸压后的回弹率控制在≤10%的范围内.     

Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 in Pig Farms and Multispecies Farms

During the last few years, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 has been isolated frequently from livestock, especially from pigs and to a lesser extent from cattle and poultry. To gain insight into the distribution of this bacterium in pig farms versus multispecies farms, 30 Belgian farms (10 pig, 10 pig/poultry and 10 pig/cattle farms) were screened for the presence of MRSA. On each farm, 10 nasal swabs were taken from pigs. When present, cattle (n = 10) were sampled in the nares and poultry (n = 10) in the nares, earlobes and cloaca. A selection of the obtained isolates were further characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, SCCmec typing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multiple‐locus variable‐number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. On 26 of 30 farms, MRSA was isolated from pigs. Furthermore, MRSA was also isolated from poultry and cattle on one pig/poultry and five pig/cattle farms, respectively. All tested MRSA isolates belonged to ST398. Eight spa types (t011, t034, t567, t571, t1451, t2974, t3423 and t5943) were detected, among which t011 predominated. SCCmec cassettes type IVa and V were present in 20% and 72% of the isolates, respectively. When combining the results of the two remaining typing methods, PFGE and MLVA, eighteen genotypes were obtained of which one genotype predominated (56% of the positive farms). All MRSA isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Resistance to trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol was also observed. In conclusion, there was no effect of the farm type on the MRSA status of the pigs. A statistically significant difference was observed when comparing the pig/poultry or the pig/cattle MRSA status on the multispecies farms. Additionally, a wide variety of MRSA ST398 strains was found within certain farms when combining different typing methods.     

RT－PCR方法检测番茄环斑病毒的研究

 根据番茄环斑病毒（TomRSV）外壳蛋白基因序列设计的引物P1,P2,用感病及健康组织总RNA为模板,进行RT-PCR试验,结果从感病组织中扩增出了470 bp的目的片段,而健康组织中无此扩增带。摸索各项实验条件,建立了RT-PCR检测番茄环斑病毒（TomRSV）的方法。     

江苏省某猪场猪链球菌分离鉴定及致病特性分析

为了探明2018年3月江苏省某规模化猪场发病猪的病原,本研究对发病猪进行采样和细菌分离,并对细菌进行了PCR鉴定、多位点序列分型(MLST)及小鼠致病力分析。结果发现:在该场4份发病猪组织中分离到猪链球菌2型(SS2)、猪链球菌9型(SS9)菌株各2株,MLST分析显示分离的SS2菌株属于ST7,SS9菌株属于ST243,SS2、SS9分离菌株的毒力基因表现型分别为mrp^+epf^+sly^+orf2^+sao^+fbps^+gdh^+和mrp^-epf^-sly^-orf2^+sao^-fbps^+gdh^+。动物试验显示其中3株猪链球菌分离菌株对BALB/c小鼠有较强致病力。研究结果为该养殖场猪链球菌感染防控措施的制定提供了重要参考。     

马立克氏病病毒对鸡肿瘤相关基因TNFSF13B和ST18表达水平的影响

将150只1日龄雏鸡随机分成2组,100只作为攻毒组,50只作为对照组。攻毒组腹腔注射2 000PFU的马立克氏病病毒（MDV）-GA细胞毒0.2mL;对照组注射同等剂量的病毒稀释液。2组鸡严格隔离,在相同条件的负压隔离器中饲养。攻毒后60d,屠宰所有存活鸡。在对照组中取4个正常鸡的脾脏（HS）;在攻毒组中取4个感染MDV后产生肿瘤鸡的脾脏（TS）及4个感染MDV后未产生肿瘤并表现为健康鸡的脾脏（ANS）,并对TNFSF13B和ST18基因在这些脾脏组织中的表达水平进行荧光定量分析。结果表明,肿瘤相关基因TNFSF13B和ST18的表达在产生肿瘤鸡的脾脏中都是显著性下调的。MDV通过抑制宿主TNFSF13B基因的表达来抑制B细胞分化、成熟进而对宿主免疫系统进行抑制;同时MDV通过下调肿瘤抑制基因ST18的表达,促使机体肿瘤发生。在对MDV有明显抵抗能力的鸡（ANS组）中,TNFSF13B和ST18的表达水平与对照组健康鸡基本一致,表明这2个基因在MDV抗病过程中起着重要作用。     

Detection and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in healthy dogs in La Rioja, Spain

The objective was to identify the methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci (MRCoPS) nasal carriage rate of healthy dogs in La Rioja (Spain) and to characterize the recovered isolates by different molecular techniques. Nasal samples from 196 dogs were obtained (98 household-dogs, 98 pound-dogs). Isolates were identified and characterized by spa-, SCCmec- and MLST-typing, SmaI-PFGE, antimicrobial susceptibility, determination of antimicrobial resistance and toxin genes profiling. S. pseudintermedius was the only species recovered. Nine methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) were obtained from 9 of 196 sampled dogs (8% pound-dogs, 1% household-dogs). MRSP isolates were typed (MLST/PFGE/spa/SCCmec) as: ST71/A/t02/II–III (7 isolates), ST92/C/t06/V (1 isolate), and ST26/B/non-typable/non-typable (1 isolate). All MRSP were resistant to [resistance gene/number isolates]: β-lactams [mecA + blaZ/9], tetracycline [tet(K)/7, tet(M)/2], macrolides and lincosamides [erm(B)/9], aminoglycosides [aacA-aphD + aadE + aphA-3/9], and co-trimoxazol [dfr(G)/9]. Eight MRSP isolates showed also resistance to fluoroquinolones and amino acid changes in GyrA [Ser84Leu + Glu714Lys, 7 isolates; Ser84Leu, 1 isolate] and GrlA [Ser80Ile, 8 isolates] proteins were detected. The remaining isolate was chloramphenicol resistant and harboured cat_pC221 gene. All MRSP isolates harboured the aadE-sat4-aphA-3 multiresistance-gene-cluster linked to erm(B) gene as well as the siet, si-ent and lukS/F-I toxin genes. MRSP is a moderately common (4.6%) colonizer of healthy dogs in Spain. A major MRSP lineage (ST71) was detected and its future evolution should be tracked.     

Role of IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in fibrosis diseases

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of IL-1 family. It is identified as a functional ligand for ST2 which is an IL-1 receptor-like protein. IL-33/ST2 signaling is involved in T-cell-mediated immune responses. Increasing evidence indicates that IL-33 has different roles in different diseases. Recently, some studies have demonstrated that IL-33 may be related to the genesis and development of fibrosis diseases. We review current knowledge of the biological characteristics of IL-33 and the role of IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in fibrosis diseases.     

组播技术的研究与实现

组播是1种高效的网络通信方式,可以有效的避免资源的浪费.本文全面介绍了组播技术的工作原理和实现机制;重点分析了各种组播路由协议,探讨了它们之间的联系及其优缺点.