花生浸种过程中水分相态和水分迁移动态研究

采用低场核磁共振（nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR）及成像（nuclear magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）技术对花生浸种过程中水分动态变化及水分传递进行了研究,考察花生浸种过程中横向驰豫时间(transverse relaxation time,T2 ) 和MRI图像的变化。结果显示,浸种期间,结合水弛豫时间和其幅值变化不大,说明花生种子在浸种过程中,种子内有机物与水分结合的数量从整体上相对稳定;自由水对应横向弛豫谱信号幅值不断增加,弛豫时间向右移动,表明花生在浸种过程中种子内部自由水数量不断增加,且其流动性增加。MRI图像显示,浸种过程中水最先从胚端部位进入种子,远胚端同样有水分浸入,但数量少于胚端,沿表皮进入种子内部的水扩散速度比较慢。本文建立了一种适合研究花生种子萌发期间水分动态变化的科学方法,丰富了花生种子吸胀期间对水分动态变化和代谢参与的研究,并为改善花生精准浸种和优化工艺提供有益参考。     

胚抢救技术在果树上的应用

胚抢救技术在果树早熟、无籽、三倍体类型育种及获得远缘杂种、阻止胚早期退化和缩短育种周期等方面具有重要作用。对胚抢救技术在果树作物育种中的应用及取得的成绩作了综述，并对胚抢救中应注意的几个问题，如适宜的培养时期、营养及环境条件作了简介，同时初步提出了果树胚抢救技术存在的不足及今后的研究方向。     

Effect of Xingnao enema fluid on brain injury and IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation

AIM: To study the effects of Xingnao enema fluid on brain injury and IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and to explore the brain protective effect and mechanism of Xingnao enema fluid. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low-dose (5 mL/kg), middle-dose (10 mL/kg) and high-dose (20 mL/kg) Xingnao enema liquid groups, and ulinastatin group, with 12 rats in each group. Except for the rats in sham operation group, the rats in other groups were used to establish the model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and were treated with Xingnao enema fluid and ulinastatin. Seven days later, all rats were scored for neurological deficit. The rats were sacrificed, and the water content of brain tissues was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect the pathological changes of brain tissues of the rats in each group. The levels of super-oxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected in the brain tissue. The levels of S100 calcium bin-ding protein beta subunit (S100β) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in serum, and interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in brain tissue were measured by ELISA. The expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33) and growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (ST2) in brain tissue was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with sham operation group, the brain tissue of model group showed tissue disorder, focal hemorrhage, neuronal nucleus contraction, apoptosis and other pathological changes, and the neurological deficit score was increased. The water content of brain tissue, the le-vels of S100β, NSE, MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-33 and ST2 were significantly increased, and the level of SOD decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the pathological damage of brain tissue in low-, middle- and high-dose Xingnao encma fluid groups and ulinastatin group was reduced, and the neurological deficit score was decreased. The water content of brain tissue, levels of S100β, NSE, MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-33 and ST2 were significantly decreased, and the level of SOD was increased significantly (P<0.05). There was a dose-dependent relationship in different doses of Xingnao enema fluid groups, and no significant difference between high-dose Xingnao enema fluid group and ulinastatin group was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Xingnao enema fluid repairs brain injury in rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and down-regulation of IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway may be its mechanism.     

Effect of microwave radiation on dry bean seed infected with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli with and without the use of chemical seed treatment

Common bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) is a seed-borne disease that is difficult to control in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Laboratory and field studies were conducted over a two-year period to determine the effect of microwave radiation on navy (cv. Navigator and Envoy) and pinto (cv. AC Ole) bean. Laboratory tests resulted in a 12 to 25% decrease in germination following 50–60 s of radiation, while less than a 10% loss was observed between 0 and 40 s. Pathogen viability was also tested, however the incidence of pathogen infection was low and no correlation was observed between exposure time and the incidence of colonization. In field studies conducted at Morden, MB (2012) and Ridgetown and Exeter, ON (2012–2013) microwave radiation and two chemical seed treatments (copper hydroxide 53.8% and pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad + metalaxyl) were evaluated for their effect on emergence, disease infection, seed pick, yield and return on investment. The application of microwave treatment decreased emergence by up to 7%, but did not impact the other parameters measured. Chemical treatment alone or in combination with microwave treatment also did not affect emergence, disease incidence, yield, seed pick, or return on investment.     

辐照灭菌对10种中药有效成分含量的影响

用不同剂量的γ射线对10种中药材进行灭菌试验，并测定其辐照前后有效成分的变化。结果表明，灭菌剂量下的γ射线辐基本不影响10种中药材的有效成分含量。     

微载体悬浮培养ST细胞增殖猪瘟兔化弱毒的工艺研究

从细胞接种密度、病毒接毒量、培养基三个方面进行研究和优化,并进行放大培养,建立了猪瘟病毒的微载体悬浮培养工艺:细胞接种密度为每个微载体15个细胞,病毒接毒量0.05 MOI,采用DMEM/F12培养基进行培养和细胞消化瓶批式消化分散细胞,培养的细胞可以完成生物反应器10 L到50 L的放大,培养的病毒含量达到7.6 l...     

桃采后及贮藏生理研究进展

从呼吸强度、激素、钙处理、热激处理、果肉褐变、波温贮藏、间歇升温贮藏、气调贮藏等8个方面综述了国内外近年来对桃采后及贮藏生理的研究状况。     

磺胺噻唑在山羊体内的药物动力学研究

【目的】研究磺胺噻唑在山羊体内的药物动力学过程,为该药在兽医临床的合理应用提供依据。【方法】用磺胺噻唑对照品配制标准溶液,建立磺胺噻唑的紫外测定方法。给6只山羊分别静脉注射剂量为70mg/kg的磺胺噻唑钠,于注射前和注射后5,10,15,30,45,60,120,180,240和300min分别颈静脉采血,测定血药质量浓度,用残数法拟合药-时曲线,计算其药物动力学参数。【结果】磺胺噻唑在山羊体内的药物动力学符合二室模型。药物动力参数消除相初始质量浓度B为(198.37±64.63)mg/L,分布相半衰期t1/2α为(0.05±0.04)h,消除相半衰期t1/2β为(0.89±0.21)h,表观分布容积Vd为(0.15±0.07)L/kg,体内消除率CL(s)为(0.28±0.08)mg/(kg·h),有效血药浓度维持时间为(1.58±0.58)h。【结论】磺胺噻唑在山羊体内为短效药物。     

基于YOLO v7-ST-ASFF的复杂果园环境下苹果成熟度检测方法

针对复杂果园环境下目标检测算法参数量大、鲁棒性差等问题,本文提出一种改进的YOLO v7网络模型用于苹果成熟度（未成熟、半成熟、成熟）检测。以YOLO v7为基线网络,在特征提取结构中引入窗口多头自注意力机制（Swin transformer,ST）,极大地降低网络参数量与计算量;为提高模型对远景图像中小目标的检测能力,在特征融合结构中引入自适应空间特征融合（Adaptively spatial feature fusion,ASFF）模块优化Head部分,有效利用图像的浅层特征和深层特征,加强特征尺度不变性;采用WIoU（Wise intersection over union）代替原始CIoU（Complete intersection over union）损失函数,在提高检测准确率的同时加快模型收敛速度。试验结果表明,本文改进的YOLO v7-ST-ASFF模型在苹果图像测试集上的检测速度和准确率均有显著提高,不同成熟度检测精确率、召回率和平均精度均值可达92.5%、84.2%和93.6%,均优于Faster R-CNN、SSD、YOLO v3、YOLO v5、YOLO v7以及YOLO v8目标检测模型;针对多目标、单目标、顺光、逆光、远景、近景以及套袋、未套袋苹果目标的检测效果都较好;本文网络模型内存占用量为53.4MB,模型平均检测时间（Average detection time,ADT）为45.ms,均优于其他目标检测模型。改进的YOLO v7-ST-ASFF模型能够满足复杂果园环境下苹果目标的检测,可为果蔬机器人自动化采摘提供技术支撑。