南京地区某渔场嗜水气单胞菌流行菌株的鉴定及分子分型

为确定南京地区某渔场异育银鲫出血性败血症的病原体,采集该渔场3个饲养塘口患病鱼脏器进行细菌分离培养,基于气单胞菌DNA促旋酶B亚单位(gyr B)基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增后测序进行细菌鉴定;同时,对病原菌生物学特性如溶血性、蛋白酶活性、生物被膜形成能力、运动能力以及对斑马鱼的毒力等进行分析,并进行多位点序列分型(MLST)。结果在3个饲养塘口均分离到嗜水气单胞菌,分别命名为GL-15、GL-17和GL-18;MLST分型显示三株分离菌均为ST251型;生物学特性实验表明,均有溶血性、蛋白酶活性以及运动性,生物被膜形成能力较强,OD595均超过0.5,对斑马鱼的LD50在1.4×103~3.9×103 CFU/尾,属强毒株。本研究为有效防控南京地区嗜水气单胞菌引发的出血性败血症的暴发流行提供了依据。     

Linear relationships between agronomic and nutritional traits in transgenic genotypes of maize

The aims of this study were to assess the linear relationships between agronomic and nutritional traits and identify promising traits for indirect selection in transgenic genotypes of maize. Eighteen transgenic maize genotypes were assessed in randomized blocks with three replications. The agronomic (number of days from sowing until male flowering, number of days from sowing until female flowering, plant height, ear insertion height and grain yield) and nutritional (crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, starch and amylose) traits were measured. Analysis of variance was run for each of the 10 traits and phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficient matrices estimated. Ridge path analysis were performed the nutritional traits were treated as main variable (dependent) and agronomic traits as explanatory variables (independents). The number of days from sowing until female flowering has a positive linear relationship to crude protein, ether extract and starch. Plant height has a positive linear relationship to crude fiber. Ear height has a positive linear relationship to amylose. Grain yield has a positive linear relationship to starch. The number of days from sowing until male flowering, plant height, ear height and grain yield can be used indirect selection in maize.     

基于高深度重测序的春性、半冬性和冬性甘蓝型油菜基因组遗传变异分析

为研究不同生态适应型甘蓝型油菜之间的遗传变异,采用高通量测序手段对春性、冬性和半冬性甘蓝型油菜代表性品种（奥罗、Darmor-Bzh和中双11号）进行了高深度重测序。通过遗传变异比较分析,在春性和冬性、春性和半冬性、冬性和半冬性之间检测到丰富的遗传变异,包括SNP、Indel、结构变异和拷贝数变异等。三个不同生态型甘蓝型油菜之间存在遗传变异分布的基因数目分别为43 983、44 592和44 991个。对这些基因进行GO富集分析,发现它们主要富集在基础代谢、生长发育调控和环境适应性等相关的GO类别中。针对不同生态型之间的差异特点,重点关注开花时间的调控网络,发现与植物春化途径、赤霉素途径、衰老途径等相关的重要基因FCL、VRN、GA、SPL3等同源拷贝中均存在遗传变异,推测这些基因功能可能与甘蓝型油菜不同生态适应性的形成相关。本研究在不同生态适应型品种内检测到的大量的遗传变异以及这些变异在基因中的分布为解释甘蓝型油菜不同生态适应型的形成提供了遗传基础,为后续的分子育种以及改良生态适应性提供理论指导。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒在不同细胞中增殖的研究

研究了猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)在ST、PK-15、CEF、BHK-21细胞系上的增殖情况。结果表明:4种细胞对PRV均敏感,PRV在4种细胞上增殖产生的病毒毒价分别为10~(-8.87±0.04)TCID_(50)/mL、10~(-8.50±0.03)TCID_(50)/mL、10~(-7.68±0.06)TCID_(50)/mL和10~(-7.87±0.05)TCID_(50)/mL。4种细胞都能产生明显的病变,但不同的细胞上出现病变不同,PK-15细胞(20±2)h出现细胞病变且病变为葡萄串状的细胞;ST细胞(22±2)h出现细胞病变且病变为细胞圆缩后成合胞体病灶;BHK-21细胞(25±1)h出现细胞病变且病变为细胞圆缩后成合胞体病灶,有拉网现象;CEF细胞(24±2)h出现细胞病变为葡萄串状的细胞。以上结果说明,ST细胞也适合用于PRV的增殖培养。     

控制权与公司绩效：中国民营上市公司ST化的合理解释

从股权结构的角度对控制权指标进行选定和度量,以主营业务收益率、管理费用除以主营业务收益的比率作为公司控制权在经营绩效上的反映,建立了一个股权分散、控制权弱化与公司经营绩效的因果模型,并以中国ST民营企业数据进行实证。结果表明,公司的ST化与股权的制衡化以及第一大股东对董事会、总经理的直接控制能力下降（控制权弱化）存在显著正相关关系。因此,现代企业应该强化第一大股东的控制权,控制权转移应和股权转让相一致,才能有利于我国上市公司的长远发展。     

ST细胞库的建立及其生物学特性鉴定

从美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC)引进ST细胞系,扩大培养后液氮冻存建立了种子细胞库和工作细胞库;细胞复苏后对细胞的活力、形态、生长曲线、微生物污染、核型及荧光蛋白质粒转染表达等特性进行了研究。结果表明,ST细胞系呈成纤维型,生长状态良好;生长曲线呈S型;细菌、病毒、支原体检测均为阴性;染色体为19对;外源质粒在该细胞中能进行复制和表达。建立的细胞库,可为开展ST细胞及猪瘟疫苗的研究提供基础理论依据和细胞资源。     

Pilot survey to assess sample size for herbaceous species composition assessments using a wheel-point apparatus on the Zululand coastal plain

A pilot survey to determine sub-sample size (number of point observations per plot) for herbaceous species composition assessments, using a wheel-point apparatus applying the nearest-plant method, was conducted. Three plots differing in species composition on the Zululand coastal plain were selected, and on each plot 2 000 point observations were collected. Thirty sets of N point observations were produced, where N = 10, 20, 30, 40 to 300. For each 30 sets of N points, percentage replicate similarities were calculated. To the mean percentage replicate similarity, a Chapman-Richards function was fitted, and the asymptotic value (β₀) was used to assess the increase in mean replicate similarity with increasing sample size. Efficient sample sizes were ≤ 200 point-observations per plot, and in some situations, ±150 points might suffice. The sample size selected depends on the goals, species diversity and equitabilities (for species contributing >10% to sward composition), and the financial and time resources available.     

基于CPB细胞扩增体系的鳜弹状病毒增殖条件的优化

为获知鳜弹状病毒(Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus,SCRV)QY株在体外培养细胞中最适增殖条件,以鳜脑细胞系(Chinese perch brain cell line,CPB)为增殖体系,采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,q RT-PCR)技术所测病毒拷贝数为判断指标,比较同步接毒和异步接毒2种接种方式以及病毒接种量、血清浓度等培养条件对病毒增殖的影响,确定SCRV-QY株在CPB细胞中的最适增殖条件。结果显示,单位体积病毒增殖量方面,异步接毒法优于同步接毒法,以感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI)为10将病毒接种长满单层的CPB细胞中,28°C吸附1.5 h,用含2%胎牛血清的L15培养液于28°C培养时,病毒增殖量最高,为5.59×10~(10)拷贝/mL;而从单位成本所获病毒量考虑,同步接毒法筛选出的4种增殖条件单位成本所获的病毒产量优于异步接毒法,其中当MOI=0.03、胎牛血清终浓度为6%时,同步接种对数生长中期的CPB细胞,28°C恒温培养70 h后收获病毒液,单位成本所获病毒量最高,为4.88×10~(13)个拷贝/元。综上所述,本研究以病毒增殖量和培养基成本作为考量,优化SCRV-QY株的增殖条件,可为SCRV疫苗低成本、规模化生产提供理论依据。