Numerical study on two-phase flow in horizontal pipe

Two-phase flow in a horizontal pipe was investigated by using numerical and experimental visualization methods.A horizontal pipe was built for qualitative and quantitative flow visualization.The length of horizontal pipe flow system was 9.5 m and the inner diameter was 51 mm.High-speed video method was used for the qualitative visualization and PIV method was applied for the quantitative visua-lization.The same geometry model was used for the numerical study.Three flow regimes including stratified flow,elongated bubble and slug flow field were generated and visualized by using numerical and experimental methods.The results show that the numerical simulation results are qualitatively si-milar to that of the experimental results.In addition,more quantitative results can be analyzed by numerical method.Development and decay process of slug flow was investigated,showing that the decay of slug heavily depends on the magnitude of nose velocity and its lasting time.It can also be found that the liquid superficial velocity plays a significant role in affecting the slug frequency.When keeping the gas superficial velocity constant,the frequency will increase with the liquid superficial velocity.     

沟槽壁面对泰勒涡流稳定性影响的数值模拟

利用CFD数值模拟方法对光滑壁面与沟槽数量为18的2种同心圆柱模型内的泰勒-库艾特流动进行计算,在对比光壁模型的PIV试验与CFD数值计算结果后,发现两者吻合良好,验证了文中采用数值计算方法的准确性;针对泰勒涡流流态,定量分析了光壁模型R-Z平面上径向速度以及轴向速度的周期波动性,讨论了环隙中不同径向位置的径向以及轴向速度分布规律,获得了泰勒涡胞尺寸随着Re数增大而减小的变化规律;在相同的Re数下,沟槽数量为18的模型内也出现了泰勒涡流,通过比较2种不同结构模型内流场以及涡量场,发现沟槽的存在显著改变了流场分布,增大了环隙内涡量的大小及泰勒涡胞的尺寸,环隙中部指向外圆柱方向的径向速度也较光壁模型增大了20%,同时,计算获得R-θ平面内沟槽区域的流场分布表明该区域存在着明显的旋涡运动.     

Study on the effect of cavitation on tribological performances of sliding bearing by CFD Method

Much attention has been paid to the influence of cavitation on the performance of a sliding bearing, but conventional analysis methods can not exactly describe the influence. Therefore, a reasonable cavitation method is desired, with which tribological performances of the bearing can be improved. Based on the computational fluid dynamics(CFD）and Rayleigh-Plesset(PRE）model, the influence of cavitation is studied by the commercial software CFX module. The numerical results show that both the friction force and the friction coefficient decrease, compared with the corresponding results without the consideration of cavitation effect, which is caused by the reduce in the lubricant viscosity due to the cavitation effect. With the increases in the eccentricity ratio, width diameter ratio and rotating speed, the mean vaporization ratio becomes severer.     

基于回归Kriging代理模型的吸油烟机用多翼离心风机优化

为提高风机系统的最大风量来达到吸油烟机性能改善的目的,采用一种代理模型方法对多翼离心风机的叶轮进行优化设计.确定多翼离心风机的关键参数:叶片出口角β₂、叶片最大弯曲度f和叶片出口位置Δφ及其参数变化范围,利用最优拉丁超立方试验设计方法生成44组样本.结合高可信度的计算流体力学(CFD)构建能准确反映3个设计变量与最大风量之间关系的回归Kriging模型,利用遗传算法对其进行寻优,并采用最小化代理模型预测(MSP)的加点准则达到优化收敛条件.研究结果表明:构建的回归Kriging模型能准确反映设计参数与最大风量的映射关系.对最优的叶轮设计参数进行模型试验,显示优化后的叶轮使得油烟机最大风量提高了4.4%,并且在多个工况下风量和效率均有一定程度提高.     

温室顶窗开窗形式对流量系数取值的影响

温室顶窗的开窗形式是温室自然通风设计的重要参数。其中通风量计算所涉及到的流量系数一直都是采用工民建设计规范中的流量系数作为参考。随着设施农业的快速发展,与温室窗洞口特性相符的流量系数成为温室通风量设计时的迫切需要。运用CFD技术模拟温室顶窗的气流流动情况分析常见开窗形式对流量系数影响。结果表明:圆拱形温室屋顶由于窗口边界平滑,更加适合气流流动,其流量系数总体要比尖屋顶温室顶窗的大,在生产中同等高度的温室更适宜自然通风,其中最大的是谷间卷帘开窗。     

Studying airflow and heat transfer characteristics of a horticultural produce packaging system using a 3-D CFD model. Part I: Model development and validation

A 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of airflow and heat transfer processes within packed horticultural produce was developed. The model included explicit geometries of the product and package. Model results showed that airflow and temperature inside produce bulk were heterogeneous. The regions near the package vents showed relatively higher cooling air velocity and turbulence intensity. The coldest region was located behind the entrance vents. Pressure drops through entrance and exit vents were 51.1% and 45.2%, respectively. As the cooling air passed through the package vents and produce bulk, there was an increase in turbulence intensity. Validation of the model was conducted using experimental results. There was a good agreement between the predicted and measured results, average relative errors of predicted pressure drop and produce temperature were 13.80% and 16.27%, respectively.     

杂质颗粒对蝶阀及管路冲蚀影响研究

压水堆核电厂乏燃料水池靠乏燃料水池冷却系统冷却。在长期运行以后,池水中含有一定量的杂质颗粒,水池水质的变化对乏燃料水池冷却系统产生一定的影响。本文利用CFD对乏燃料水池冷却系统的蝶阀及相连接的管路受固体杂质颗粒冲蚀问题进行了模拟分析,计算得出了在不同流速下固体颗粒对阀门及管道的冲蚀量,通过对模拟数据的处理确定了受侵蚀严重的部位,计算表明流速是导致冲蚀现象的主要原因。     

Numerical simulation of flow field dynamics characteristics for a novel twin screw kneader

The numerical simulation for dynamic characteristics of the flow field of a novel twin screw kneader is carried out. The numerical simulation model of twin screw kneader is established,and the three dimensional,isothermal and steady numerical analyses of non newtonian fluid are presented based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)theory,and the characteristics under the conditions of different speeds and center distances,such as the distribution of pressure and velocity field,the maximum shear stress,the mass flow rate and so on,are studied. The research results show that：with increasing speed,the maximum flow pressure,the mass flow rate and the maximum shear stress increase; the maximum shear stress increases first and then decreases with increasing of center distance of the screw rotors,while the mass flow rate increases with increasing of center distance; but when the center distance reaches a certain degree,the mass flow rate is negative and the material appears serious reflux which can make the kneader stop working. The results provide a theoretical basis for performance prediction and reasonable designing for the novel twin screw kneader.     

基于CFD技术的日光温室自然通风热环境模拟

首先利用计算流体力学（CFD）软件,构建自然通风条件下日光温室内温度和气流场的模拟模型;其次,通过测量典型晴天前覆盖下通风口开启时日光温室内各测点的温度,将16个测点的实测值与模型模拟结果进行对比,对模型进行验证;然后,利用通过验证的模型模拟分析3种通风模式下（前覆盖上通风口单独开启、前覆盖下通风口单独开启以及上下通风口同时开启）日光温室内温度和气流场的分布。模拟结果表明：当温室前覆盖上通风口单独开启时,室外冷空气从通风口下端进入并迅速下行,然后通过通风口上端流出,温室内气流主要受热压的影响,空气流速小。当温室前覆盖下通风口单独开启时,温室内0.5m高度以下气流速度较大,室外冷空气从通风口下端进入,与地面、后墙、后坡和覆盖层进行热交换后,从通风口上端流出,温室内温度分布与气流走向一致。当温室前覆盖上、下通风口同时开启时,冷空气从下通风口进入,从上通风口流出,在通风口处气流速度较大。模拟条件下,温室单开上通风口或下通风口时室内平均温度为300.0K,但单开上通风口温室内温度分布更均匀;上、下通风口同时开启时,温室内温度为299.0K,通风降温效果明显优于单开一个通风口。