Evaluation of the pattern of spray released from a moving multicopter

BACKGROUND

Multicopters are used for releasing particulates seeds, fertilizer and spray. Their low cost and high manoeuvrability make them attractive for spraying in steep terrain and areas where overspray is undesirable. This article describes a model of multicopter wake and its influence on particulate dispersion, which is computationally economical compared to many computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches, yet retains reasonable accuracy.

RESULTS

A model was successfully implemented in OpenFOAM . It features source terms for the rotor wash, Lagrangian particle tracking, an evaporation model, and a porous medium approach to model the effect of the ground vegetation. Predictions were validated against the field tests of Richardson et al. which used a DJI Agras MG-1 multicopter in three different flights with airspeeds of 3.2–4.9 m s⁻¹, ground speeds of 2.1–2.9 m s⁻¹ and cross-wind speeds of 0.04–2.2 m s⁻¹. The effective swath width (30% line separation) was predicted to within one standard deviation. Sensitivity to a rotor rotational speed, flight height, flight velocity, multicopter roll and yaw angles, surface roughness length, plant height and leaf density was checked.

CONCLUSION

In all flight trials, the modelled swath was closest to the experimentally obtained swath when the surface roughness of the fetch was equal to 0.5 m (bushes) and the rotational speed of all rotors was equal to 2475 rpm with 0.75R (0.2 m) tall plant canopy (grass) introduced to the model. The model showed acceptable validity for flight velocities of ≤2.8–5 m s⁻¹ when flight parameters can be approximately estimated. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

可变边界条件下的Venlo温室温度场三维非稳态模拟

以外界温度、太阳辐射、风速风向作为随时间变化的边界条件,基于CFD方法建立了Venlo温室自然通风三维非稳态数学模型。结果显示,模拟值与实测值均方根误差RMSE为0.688℃,最大相对误差为8.9%,平均相对误差为2.8%,所建立CFD模型可以准确地描述室内温度场的时空变化。从整个模拟周期上看,温室内温度和室外温度变化趋势一致,室内温度和室外温度平均温差3.09℃;当室外风速从0.81 m/s跃变至1.2 m/s,风向由西南偏南变为西时,温室西侧迎风口局部气流速度出现了先增大后减小的变化模式,温室东侧上部气流速度明显增加,除温室迎风口附近区域外大部分作物区域气流速度维持在0~0.1 m/s的范围内,温室通风入口处x=1.5 m截面和作物冠层y=1.4 m截面平均温度在180 s内分别下降了1.87℃和0.92℃,室外风速风向对温室自然通风降温效果影响显著。     

冬季采暖保育猪舍送排风管道组合换气系统设计与评价

为实现保育猪舍内局部环境通风调控,该研究设计一种垂直送排风管道组合换气系统.采用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)技术对垂直管道通风模式下舍内的空气流场进行模拟,并以相对湿度和CO2浓度作为输入变量建立通风模糊控制系统.模拟结果显示保育猪所在水泥地板区域风速保持在0.1～0.2 m/s....     

天然气HCCI发动机燃烧和排放的CFD研究

利用耦合详细化学反应机理的CFD软件FLUENT对天然气HCC I发动机的燃烧和排放物的生成过程进行了模拟计算,计算的缸内压力和温度与实验值有较好的一致性。计算结果表明,狭缝是缸内碳氢(HC)和一氧化碳(CO)排放的主要来源。HC主要由燃料本身组成;CO和甲醛有相似的生成及分布规律。天然气HCC I稀薄燃烧可以得到极低的NOx排放。     

抛送式秸秆粉碎还田机风场模拟研究

对抛送式秸秆粉碎还田机进行三维建模,应用CFD技术对其风场进行模拟研究。采用湍流模型和SIMPLE算法进行求解,通过对速度分布场分析,初步得出甩刀刀柄迎风面积、留茬高度、刀尖间隙、前(后)风口高度、侧面间隙等因素对风场影响的基本规律,为机具的设计提供了一定的理论依据。     

Simple Analysis of the Thermal Environment in Chongqing

There are a series of city environmental problems especially in the mountain city along with the city fast development. In recent decade, many scholars have studied the urban heat island, the urban temperature, the urban wind field, the precipitation and the urban visibility etc. But the urban thermal environment has not been settled radically. All the measures have not been used in the practice. And the researches in thermal environment of the mountain cities are very few. So the authors consider Chongqing as the researching object. Chongqing is one of the typical mountain cities in the semi-tropical. Sequentially we find out the characteristic of the thermal environment in the mountain city. Further the authors seek for the measures to plan and build ecological city. They conclude that CFD can be used in the simulation of urban environment, and use the result of simulation in urban planning is possible. The thermal environment in the center of Chongqing needs to be improved.     

切段式甘蔗收割机排杂风机结构优化与试验

针对目前机械化收获甘蔗含杂率和损失率高的问题,该研究对广西农业机械研究院有限公司的 4GZQ-180切段式甘蔗收割机风机的内部流场进行了仿真分析并进行了结构优化。该研究表明,原风机叶片和出流室内壁的形状突变、液压马达安装部位凹陷以及主轴阻挡气流均会导致风机内部发生漩涡流动并引起能量损失。优化后的风机叶片前缘和尾缘平滑过渡,提升了叶片性能,优化后的出流室呈圆筒状,主轴轴线与气流主流方向一致,降低了能量损耗,叶轮安装位置远离蔗段,使蔗段不易与叶轮发生碰撞。流量和功率测定结果表明,仿真结果具有较高的准确性。含杂率测定结果表明,优化后的风机在高转速（1 650 r/min）、低行驶速度（1 km/h）时的含杂率与原风机相当,当行驶速度升高至3 km/h后,中（1 350 r/min）、低（1 050 r/min）转速时优化后风机的含杂率明显低于原风机,分别降低了13.91%和20.42%;损失率测定结果表明,优化后风机在低转速时的损失率与原风机最多相差6.48%,当喂入量为1 kg/s时,中、高转速下损失率分别降低了14.77%和28.08%。     

基于CFD软件的轴流式风力灭火机叶轮性能模拟研究

利用CFD软件对轴流式风力灭火机叶轮的内部流场进行数值模拟,与风机试验台的试验数值对比,验证了数值模拟分析的正确性,得到了风机内部流场情况.通过对内部流场分析,为叶轮的结构优化提供了重要的理论依据,并对扭角和安装角调整改进,使设计方案最佳.     

发动机用平板型空滤器流动阻力特性分析和改进

为减小平板型空滤器流动阻力以增大进气量,对平板型空滤器流动阻力特性开展了实验研究,获得了空滤器流动阻力随流量变化的规律和阻力构成成分。阻力随流量的增大而加速增大,滤芯阻力约占整个空滤器阻力的一半,入口流量为120 m 3/h时,总阻力为915.3 Pa,滤芯阻力为426.4 Pa。在实验获得滤芯阻力参数的基础上,提出采用多孔介质跃升模型对平板型空滤器内部流场开展三维数值仿真分析,结果表明,仿真结果与实验结果比较吻合,最大误差为5.67%。滤芯阻力同样约占整个阻力的一半,另一半阻力主要为出口处阻力,其余壁面阻力约占15%。最后,在实验和仿真分析的基础上,提出了改进模型并进行了仿真分析。结果表明,改进模型阻力有较大程度的下降,入口流量为120 m 3/h时,总阻力为588.2 Pa,较原始模型下降了32.2%;增大空滤器流通横截面积是减小阻力以增大进气量的有效手段,改进空滤器壁面的平滑性是补充措施。     

弧型迷宫流道灌水器颗粒运移状态分析

弧形迷宫灌水器的消能方式主要为沿程水头损失,弧齿形迷宫灌水器主要为局部水头损失;弧形迷宫流道抗堵塞性能优于弧齿形,但其水力性能较差;颗粒在流道中发生旋转的临界速度约为0.5 m/s,当小于此速度时,颗粒易在漩涡处发生旋转,当大于此速度时,颗粒容易逸出漩涡进入主流道。因此,在设计弧齿形迷宫流道时,借助AutoCAD建模和计算流体动力学CFD数值模拟以及低成本PIV试件观测,减少流道内颗粒速度在0.5 m/s以下速度场的分布,以提高灌水器的抗堵塞性能。