不同培养料栽培杏鲍菇试验

以饲用杂交甘蔗闽牧42、稻草和蔗渣作为主要栽培料栽培杏鲍菇，采用完全随机区组试验设计，三种处理，六个重复，经方差分析表明，以闽牧42和蔗渣作栽培料比稻草达极显著水平，而蔗渣与闽牧42作栽培料，它们之间差异不显著，说明饲用杂交甘蔗闽牧42可代替蔗渣作为杏鲍菇的栽培料。     

Cdc42基因对不同发育阶段无尾鸡骨骼的共表达调控

为阐明细胞分裂周期42（cell division cycle 42,Cdc42）基因在无尾鸡骨骼发育过程的潜在调控机制,本试验通过混池重测序与转录组测序方法,综合运用基因组学和骨骼转录组学来揭示Cdc42基因对无尾鸡尾部发育的遗传影响。结果显示,在无尾品种的强正向选择下,无尾鸡与有尾鸡之间高度分化的基因显著富集到神经发育、基础代谢与细胞骨架重排等生物类别;骨骼发育过程的差异表达基因数从胚胎第8、11和14天逐渐升高后下降,到第16天到达最低后又升高,到第21天达到最高;在基因组与转录组层面识别的公共候选基因为Cdc42;公共生物学过程富集到GTPases活性与细胞生长程度的调节,公共信号通路富集到紧密连接与黏着连接;差异表达基因构建的权重基因共表达网络发现,无尾鸡比有尾鸡的基因网络密度高6倍以上,平均连接度高8倍以上。无尾鸡共表达网络中,Cdc42基因与其他基因的相关性较弱。相比而言,在有尾鸡组,Cdc42基因处于网络的核心连接节点处,对于多基因的共同调节起到桥梁作用;此外,证明了Cdc42基因在多物种间具有保守性。本研究最终确定瓢鸡无尾性状的形成可能通过Cdc42及其共表达的基因共同调控紧密连接信号通路,联动影响Wnt信号通路,进而干扰生长板和尾骨的发育,是尾骨提前终止的重要影响环节,将为瓢鸡无尾表型的早期启动和遗传基础认识提供理论指导。     

Molecular assay of novel pasturage, sugarcane-grass 94-42, using RAPD markers

Sugarcane-grass 94-42, a novel pasturage, was derived from the cross of a sugarcane cultivar line Co419 and a wild line PT43-52 (Saccharum robustum Brand. et Jesw. ex Grassl). To assay the genetic diversity among Co419, PT43-52 and the F₁ hybrid sugarcane-grass 94-42, 67 RAPD markers were used to detect the genomes of three lines. Around 284 bands were produced by amplification of which 116 were shown to be polymorphic in three lines. Homology of the three lines was analyzed based on all bands. Results showed that the similarity coefficient between Co419 and PT43-52, PT43-52 and sugarcane-grass 94-42, and Co419 and sugarcane-grass 94-42 were 0.7658, 0.8009 and 0.9138, respectively. A total of 95.4% bands amplified from sugarcane-grass 94-42 were homologous with those from either Co419 or PT43-52, which proved that sugarcane-grass 94-42 was the filial generation of Co419 and PT43-52.     

转Hpa110-42小麦分子鉴定及赤霉病抗性功能评价

【目的】筛选出抗赤霉病转Hpa110-42小麦植株,为抗赤霉病小麦新品种的选育提供材料。【方法】以转Hpa110-42小麦T2植株和受体扬麦158为供试材料,通过PCR、Southern blotting、RT-PCR等分子技术进行外源基因的整合与表达检测,并采用单花滴注法鉴定转基因小麦的赤霉病抗性,同时探讨其抗性生理。【结果】经分子检测证明,外源Hpa110-42以1—3个拷贝整合到小麦基因组中并能够稳定遗传,在转录水平上也能正常表达。赤霉病抗性鉴定表明,株系T2-17、T2-15、T2-68、T2-44和T2-36的平均病小穗率极显著低于扬麦158。除T2-17外,其余株系的平均病小穗率极显著高于苏麦3号,均未达到苏麦3号的抗性水平。T2-17株系平均病小穗率显著低于T2-15、T2-68和T2-44,极显著低于T2-36、T2-11和T2-20株系。抗性生理分析显示,接种赤霉菌孢子后,所有植株的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性均上升,但转基因高抗植株比扬麦158上升更快,而感病株上升相对缓慢;尽管可溶性蛋白含量呈下降趋势,但转基因植株的高抗植株始终高于其它株。β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量与赤霉病抗性等级值呈极显著负相关。【结论】外源Hpa110-42整合到小麦基因组中,能稳定遗传并正常表达,正向参与了小麦赤霉病抗性调控,获得了抗赤霉病转Hpa110-42小麦植株。     

催化木糖制备 呋喃甲醛的研究

为了使呋喃甲醛的制备过程绿色化,以ZrOCl2为原料,利用沉淀-浸渍法初步制备了SO42-/ZrO2固体酸,并应用于催化木糖制备呋喃甲醛的反应。采用L9(34)正交试验确定了适宜的反应条件:木糖质量浓度10 g/L、催化剂用量20 g/L、反应温度220℃、反应时间3 h。之后采用单因素试验考察了催化剂制备条件对呋喃甲醛产率的影响。得到的催化剂最佳制备条件为:H2SO4浸渍浓度1.0 mol/L、焙烧温度550℃、焙烧时间5 h,呋喃甲醛产率达最大值47%。实验结果表明:SO42-/ZrO2固体酸在催化木糖制备呋喃甲醛方面,具有较大发展潜力。     

Analysis of the Semi-short Stalk Soybean Hefeng 42 Population Structure under Optimum Compact Planting

密植条件下,不同群体结构对半矮秆大豆合丰42号影响较大。(1)随着群体密度增加,单株叶面积、干重、荚数、粒数降低,个体发育变差,倒伏加重;而群体干物重、叶面积系数、荚数、粒数及产量在一定范围内呈增加趋势;(2)合丰42号密植最佳群体结构为45株/m2,盛花期和满粒期叶面积指数分别为4.82和1.70,干物重分别为396.0g/m2和324.0g/m2,单株粒数47.1个,公顷产量为3578.3kg,较垄作对照增产18.3%。     

Control of reproductive processes by growth hormone: extra- and intracellular mechanisms

Recent data on the association between growth hormone (GH) and male and female reproductive processes, as well as the effects of GH on these processes and on some reproductive and non-reproductive disorders, and possible extra- and intracellular mediators of its action are reviewed. The available data suggest that GH is an important endocrine and autocrine/paracrine regulator of reproduction. It controls proliferation, apoptosis, growth and differentiation and the secretory and generative activities of different reproductive organs. It also regulates their response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropins. Despite the effects of GH on the IGF/IGFBP (insulin-like growth factor binding protein) system, oxytocin, steroids, activin, gonadotropin and gonadotropin receptors, the majority of GH's actions on the reproductive processes are probably mediated not by these substances but by specific GH receptors acting through cAMP/protein kinase A, protein kinase G, tyrosine kinase-, MAP kinase and CDC2 kinase-dependent intracellular mechanisms. Although GH treatments can increase the risk of some reproductive and non-reproductive disorders, they may be useful in improving gonadal function, inducing superovulation and in embryo production.     

大白猪MC4R、CDC16基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

本研究旨在利用高分辨率熔解曲线(high resolution melt,HRM)分型方法检测大白猪黑素皮质素受体(melanocortin-4 receptor,MC4R)和细胞分裂周期蛋白16(cell division cycle 16,CDC16)基因的多态性,并对其与大白猪的生长性状进行关联性分析。试验共采集246头大白猪的耳组织样提取基因组DNA,对小群体样本进行PCR扩增后,通过测序方法寻找两个基因在该群体中的多态性位点,针对已发现的多态性位点设计HRM专用引物,利用HRM方法对大群体进行多态性检测,将所得结果与大白猪生长性状进行关联性分析。结果表明,在MC4R基因序列中检测到1个突变位点2207A>G,2个等位基因:A和G,3个基因型:AA、AG和GG;在CDC16基因第18外显子上检测到了1个突变位点837T>C,2个等位基因:T和C,2种基因型:TT和CT。χ~2适合性检验结果显示,2个基因的基因型频率和等位基因频率在2个种群中分布差异不显著,符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P>0.05)。多态信息含量(PIC)分析显示,MC4R基因在2个群体中均处于中度多态(0.25相似文献   

离子束诱变小麦新品种皖麦42号的特征特性和栽培技术

皖麦42号系安徽省农科院作物研究所与中国科学院等离子体物理研究所合作,从太谷核不育轮回选择群体（RV-60）中选得的可育穗再经离子注入（30kev,80次）引变选育而成的小麦新品种,弱春性,一般单产6 000～6 750Kg/hm2,适于安徽、江苏沿淮及淮南地区、河南南部及湖北部分地区上等肥力水平的地块种植。株高80～85cm,长芒、白壳、白粒、半角质,千粒重40克左右,中抗条锈病和白粉病,感赤霉病,熟期转色好,不早衰。适宜播种期为10月中下旬至11月初。基本苗可掌握在180～240万/hm2左右。