江汉平原施氮水平对稻田CH_4和N_2O排放及水稻产量的影响

氮素是保证水稻(Oryza sative L.)产量的关键,同时也会影响稻田温室气体的排放。研究施氮水平对江汉平原地区稻田甲烷(CH4)、氧化亚氮(N_2O)排放和水稻产量的影响,旨在筛选出适合当地的低碳高产氮肥管理措施。以单季稻"丰两优香1号"为研究对象,设置4个施氮水平(T0:对照,0 kg N/hm2;T1:90 kg N/hm2;T2:150 kg N/hm2;T3:210 kg N/hm~2),采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对稻田CH4和N_2O排放通量进行连续监测,测定水稻产量及CH4和N_2O季节排放特征,分析综合温室效应和排放强度。结果表明,不同施氮处理下CH4和N_2O排放通量具有较为明显的季节变化规律,T2处理的CH4季节累积排放量为302.5 kg/hm2,显著大于T0、T1和T3处理,与T0相比增加CH4排放106.7%,T3处理稻田CH4季节累积排放量为160.5 kg/hm2,比T2、T1水平处理低。不同施氮处理生长季N_2O累积排放量在0.465~0.631 kg/hm2之间,T3、T2、T1处理N_2O累积排放量显著大于T0处理,但T3、T2、T1处理间差异不显著。水稻产量随着氮素水平增加而增加,100年尺度上的温室气体排放强度以T3处理最小为0.39,T2处理最大为0.79,二者差异显著(P0.05)。因此,210 kg N/hm2可推荐为江汉平原地区水稻低碳高产的适宜氮素投入量。     

猪骨形态发生蛋白4成熟肽cDNA的克隆及序列分析

目的：克隆猪骨形态发生蛋白4（BMP-4）成熟肽基因。方法：提取猪肾的总RNA,通过RT-PCR技术扩增出目的基因,并将其回收后与pMD18-T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细胞,进行阳性克隆的筛选与鉴定。结果：琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RT-PCR产物,显示结果与预期片段大小一致,质粒PCR检测、酶切鉴定证实重组克隆中插入了PCR产物,测序结果揭示BMP-4成熟肽cDNA长为351bp,编码116个氨基酸。序列对比表明,猪与人、小鼠、牛、绵羊BMP-4成熟肽cDNA序列的同源性分别为94.87%、90.60%、94.87%、94.59%,而相应的氨基酸同源性分别为99.12 %,99.12 %,100 %、100%。 结论：首次成功地克隆了猪BMP-4成熟肽编码基因,对于进一步研究猪BMP-4全基因结构、功能及其与繁殖性能的关系有重要的意义。     

一个普通小麦-大赖草易位系T01的选育与鉴定

将抗赤霉病的普通小麦-大赖草Lr.2染色体单体异附加系花粉经过60Co-γ射线处理, 然后给感赤霉病的普通小麦品种“扬麦5号”授粉, 杂交后代连续2年进行赤霉病抗性单株接种鉴定, 从中选育出一个普通小麦-大赖草异易位系。 经过染色体荧光原位杂交和Giemsa C-分带鉴定, 易位发生在普通小麦4B染色体长臂和大赖草第2条染色体(L     

Co^2＋对非洲菊切花保鲜过程中酶活性的影响

基于测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量,探讨Co^2＋对非洲菊（Gerbera jamesonii）切花的保鲜作用,实验结果：含有Co^2＋的切花保鲜液能有效提高POD、SOD活性,延缓MDA含量的上升。花径、花枝鲜重增长率及外部形态变化显现一致。结果表明Co^2＋可延缓非洲菊切花衰老,提高其观赏价值。     

Cloning and characterization of a NADP+-malic enzyme gene from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110

Malic enzymes have been considered to play a key role in energy metabolism for nitrogenase reaction in bacteroids. To elucidate the physiological role of the malic enzymes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids, a putative malic enzyme gene Bjtme1 was cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerated primers from conserved regions of the protein sequences of bacterial malic enzymes and draft sequence data of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 genome sequence project. To confirm the characteristics of the Bjtme1 gene, the protein encoded by this gene was over-expressed using a pET32a(+) system and it exhibited a NADP⁺-malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) activity, indicating that Bjtme1 was the gene of the NADP⁺-malic enzyme. This is the first report on the cloning and characterization of the NADP⁺-malic enzyme gene from B. japonicum, and the gene structure was compared with that of NADP⁺-malic enzyme genes of other rhizobia.     

The expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 on T lymphocytes that infiltrate in nasal polyps

AIM:To investigate the expression of Th1-typed cytokine IFN-γ and Th2-typed cytokine IL-4 on T lymphocytes that infiltrate in nasal polyps for searching the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. METHODS:Nasal polyps tissue samples and peripheral blood were obtained from 21 patients. Normal human inferior turbinate mucosa and peripheral blood were obtained as well. Flow cytometry was adopted to detect the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 of T lymphocytes. RESULTS: Th cytokines were rarely detected in inferior turbinate from normal human. Nasal polyps tissue consisted of abundant T lymphocytes. The expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ increased in peripheral blood from patients compared with normal human (P<0.05). The expression of IL-4 increased but the expression of IFN-γ decreased in nasal polyps compared with that of peripheral blood from the same patient (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION:There were generous of T lymphocytes infiltrating in nasal polyps. There was abnormal immune status in the local nasal mucosa from the patients, and the predomination of Th cytokine secretion changed compared with peripheral blood from the same patients, which resulted in the change of microenvironment of nasal mucosa and possibly close related to the formation of nasal polyps.     

Greenhouse gas emissions in response to straw incorporation,water management and their interaction in a paddy field in subtropical central China

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combination of straw incorporation and water management on fluxes of CH₄, N₂O and soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) in a paddy field in subtropical central China by using a static opaque chamber/gas chromatography method. Four treatments were set up: two rice straw incorporation rates at 0 (S1) and 6 (S2) t ha^?1 combined with two water managements of intermittent irrigation (W1, with mid-season drainage) and continuous flooding (W2, without mid-season drainage). The cumulative seasonal CH₄ emissions for the treatments of S1W2, S2W1 and S2W2 increased significantly by 1.84, 5.47 and 6.63 times, respectively, while seasonal N₂O emissions decreased by 0.67, 0.29 and 1.21 times, respectively, as compared to S1W1 treatment. The significant increase in the cumulative Rh for the treatments S1W1, S2W1 and S2W2 were 0.54, 1.35 and 0.52 times, respectively, in comparison with S1W2. On a seasonal basis, both the CO₂-equivalents (CO₂e) and yield-scaled CO₂e (GHGI) of CH₄ and N₂O emissions increased with straw incorporation and continuous flooding, following the order: S2W2>S2W1>S1W2>S1W1. Thus, the practices of in season straw incorporation should be discouraged, while mid-season drainage is recommended in paddy rice production from a point view of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.     

不同基因型水稻苗期叶片NRA及其受NH4+的影响

对14个基因型水稻幼苗的叶片原始硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)、经NO3^-诱导后的NRA以及添加NH4^ 后的NRA等进行测定。结果表明：在未经诱导的情况下，早稻叶片NRA高于水稻，水稻呈现杂交稻高于常规稻、籼稻高于粳稻的趋势。经NO3^-诱导后，所有供试基因型水稻叶片NRA均大幅度提高，提高幅度为早稻高于水稻、杂交稻高于常规稻、籼稻高于粳稻。NH4^ 的存在对绝大部分基因型水稻叶片NRA有抑制作用，其中以对粳稻的抑制作用最大，对杂交籼稻和早稻的抑制作用较小。     

香蕉抗(耐)枯萎病新品种桂蕉9号的选育及其高产栽培技术

【目的】选育抗(耐)尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种(FOC4)引起的香蕉枯萎病,且产量、品质性状优良的香蕉新品种,丰富广西抗(耐)枯萎病香蕉品种,为促进广西香蕉产业的健康持续发展提供技术支持。【方法】采用重病蕉区大田筛选母株,并利用组织培养芽变、盆栽接种病原菌压力选择及大田病区压力选择相结合的方法选育抗(耐)香蕉枯萎病品种,经过品系纯化、品比试验、区域试验、生产试验等,观察其特征特性、抗病性及产量表现等。【结果】桂蕉9号为巴西蕉芽变异株系,基因型为AAA,属中秆香蕉,全生育期310~350 d;果肉可溶性固形物含量22.3%,总糖含量19.6 mg/100 g,维生素C(Vc)含量16.38 mg/100 g,可滴定酸含量0.43%;果实具有较好的耐贮性,催熟后在室温下可保存3~5 d。2012~2015年在海南、广东及广西进行种植试验,桂蕉9号对由FOC4引起的枯萎病表现出抗(耐)性,1代及2代香蕉植株的田间发病率为0.95%~52.30%,比对照品种(巴西蕉、桂蕉6号、桂蕉1号)减少7.38%~88.70%(绝对值);1代及2代蕉单株平均产量为19.8~29.6 kg,总产量17001.0~74485.4 kg/ha,比对照品种增产-2.1%~515.5%。桂蕉9号于2015年6月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定。【结论】桂蕉9号是广西首个自主育成的抗(耐)香蕉枯萎病新品种,适宜在广西、云南、海南等香蕉主产区种植。     

外源甲状腺素及可的松对牙鲆早期发育阶段生长、发育和变态的影响

通过外源甲状腺素（T4）及可的松浸泡卵和仔鱼,结果表明：外源甲状腺素（T4）和可的松对牙好卵的孵化率和初孵仔鱼的体长没有显著影响;外源甲状腺素（T4）对0～10日龄的仔鱼生长有显著影响,和对照组（0）相比,0．05×10-6和0．1×10－6的影响显著,外源可的松对0～10日龄的生长不显著;外源甲状腺素（T4）和可的松对11～24日龄仔鱼的生长不显著,外源甲状腺素（T4）对11～24日龄的仔鱼变态有显著影响,和对照组（0）相比,0．05×10－6和0．1×10-6的影响显著;外源可的松对11～24日龄的变态影响不显著。