Effect of the β‐carotene oxygenase 2 genotype on the content of carotenoids,retinol and α‐tocopherol in the liver,fat and milk of rabbit does,reproduction parameters and kitten growth

Mutations in the β‐carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) gene can impair the function of the enzyme that breaks down carotenoids. As a result, gradual accumulation of unoxidized carotenoids in animal tissues gives them a yellow colour. The aim of the study was to determine the content of carotenoids, retinol and α‐tocopherol in the liver, fat and milk of rabbit does with three different genotypes determined by AAT‐deletion mutation at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene and to find out whether differences in the concentrations of the above compounds in the tissues and milk of the does affect reproduction parameters and the rearing rate of kittens. The experimental materials comprised 36 does, 12 of each genotype of the BCO2 gene, with their litters. Females with their litters were placed in individual cages, on deep litter. Between days 7 and 13 of lactation, samples of milk were collected from the does. The kittens stayed with their mothers until 35 days of age. After weaning, the does were sacrificed. Tissue samples of liver and perirenal fat were collected for chemical analyses. Additionally, based on samples taken from one female, RNA expression levels were determined from the mammary gland and liver, adipose tissue and skin. It was found that homozygous does with deletion at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene were characterized by considerably higher concentrations of xanthophylls and beta‐carotene in the liver, adipose tissue and milk than does with the remaining genotypes. However, the differences in the content of the above compounds in milk had no influence on litter weight or the number and rearing rate of kittens. Additionally, RNA expression of the BCO2 gene was found in the mammary tissue of lactating doe and its level was similar to those noted in the liver and adipose tissue.     

Comparison of antibody values in sera of pigs vaccinated with a subunit or an attenuated vaccine against classical swine fever

Ten pigs, aged 85 days, were vaccinated with a subunit vaccine containing 32 g of classical swine fever virus glycoprotein E2 (gp E2) (group 1), and a further 10 pigs were vaccinated with a C strain vaccine (10^4±0.15 TCID₅₀/ml), produced by amplification in minipig kidney (MPK) cell culture (group 2). Nine non-vaccinated pigs served as a control group (group 3). Serum samples were collected before (day 0) and at 4, 10, 21 and 28 days after vaccination and were analysed by two commercially available enzyme immunoassays and by a neutralizing peroxidase-linked assay (NPLA). At the same times, peripheral blood was taken for determining the total leukocyte count and the body temperature was taken daily. Antibodies were not detected in serum samples collected before vaccination (day 0), and no side-effects that could be connected with vaccination were observed during the trial. Ten days after vaccination 6/10 pigs vaccinated with the subunit vaccine were seropositive. On days 21 and 28, the ratios of serologically positive to vaccinated pigs were 9/10 and 10/10, respectively. Four of the ten pigs that were vaccinated with the C strain vaccine were positive on day 21 and 9/10 on day 28. However, the results of the NPLA showed that only 4/10 pigs had an antibody titre >1:32 at the end of the trial in both the vaccinated groups, even though the subunit vaccine initiated an earlier and higher level of neutralizing antibodies than the vaccine produced from the C strain. Challenge was performed 28 days after vaccination on four randomly selected pigs from both vaccinated groups. The pigs survived the challenge without showing any clinical signs of classical swine fever (CSF), while two nonvaccinated control pigs died on the 10th and 12th days after infection.     

Ascorbic acid ameliorates dysregulated folliculogenesis induced by mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in neonatal mouse ovaries via reducing ovarian oxidative stress

Phthalates, including di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), are common industrial chemicals in the environment. Recent evidence indicates that DEHP and its active metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) negatively modulate reproductive functions and induce reactive oxygen species. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a dietary requirement for primates, and it acts as a potent free radical scavenger to protect tissues against oxidative stress. In this study, to investigate the toxic effects of MEHP on the follicle development and the beneficial role of AA, neonatal mouse ovaries were treated with different concentrations of MEHP with or without AA for 6 days. Then, the follicle constitution and oxidative status were compared in different groups. Results showed MEHP accelerated primordial follicle recruitment by increasing the percentage of primary and secondary follicles and decreasing the percentage of primordial follicles in the ovaries. Moreover, MEHP-induced ovarian oxidative stress by significantly increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and the expression of GSS and SOD1. When ovaries were co-administrated with MEHP and AA, follicle constitution was normalized, and the oxidative status was significantly decreased. These results suggested that AA ameliorated MEHP-induced ovarian oxidative stress and follicular dysregulation, which attested the clinical significance of AA for ovary protection in the case of MEHP exposure.     

氨基色谱柱测定蜂蜜中4种糖方法研究

《中国药典》(2015年)蜂蜜中规定:用Prevail Carbohyrate ES色谱柱,以乙腈-水(75:25)为流动相,示差折光检测器测定蜂蜜中的果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖及麦芽糖。此次试验证明用普通氨基色谱柱替代Prevail Carbohyrate ES色谱柱,待测组分与其他组分分离良好,精密度试验满足要求,回收率试验结果大于93%,结果准确、可靠,普通氨基柱可替代Prevail Carbohyrate ES色谱柱,用于蜂蜜中糖类物质的测定。     

甲型肝炎病毒免疫控制研究进展

对甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)发病机理和免疫调控的研究近年来重新受到关注。在发展中国家感染者的平均年龄增加,导致机制尚不明确的更严重的肝炎。而且,从HAV和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的免疫对比来看,这两种正链RNA病毒感染结果完全不同。HCV比HAV复制效率低,导致HCV蛋白表达量低,因此对IFN信号传导的拮抗作用较低。有研究发现循环的HAV病毒颗粒隐藏在膜里,导致先天免疫和抗体介导中和作用的激活。同时还考虑到CD4^+辅助T细胞对CD8^+细胞毒性T细胞对抗病毒免疫和肝损伤的作用,提出了一种非细胞毒性的HAV感染免疫控制模型。     

REGIONAL BINDING INDEX OF THE RADIOLABELED SELECTIVE 5-HT2A ANTAGONIST 123I-5-I-R91150 IN THE NORMAL CANINE BRAIN IMAGED WITH SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

The pattern of the specific 5-HT2A (5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor) antagonist 123I-5-I-R91150 was measured in 10 healthy dogs without neurologic and behavior abnormalities. Eight cortical regions (left and right fronto-, temporo-, parieto-, and occipitocortical area), one global subcortical region (including the thalamic system) were compared with a reference region lacking receptors; that is, the cerebellum. The 123I labeled radioligand was injected intravenously 100-200 minutes before acquisition. Both transmission and emission data were obtained with a triple head gamma camera equipped with high-resolution fanbeam collimators. The emission data were corrected for scatter and attenuation. To delineate different cerebral regions more accurately, the regions of interest (ROI) defined in a former study on brain perfusion measured with 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) in the same dogs were used. The co-registration of the 99mTc-ECD and the 123I-5-I-R91150, obtained from each dog, was realized with the help of corresponding transmission maps. By normalizing each regional cerebral activity to the activity observed in the cerebellum, the regional radioactivity (binding index) could be relatively quantified. Highest brain uptake was noted in the frontocortical brain areas (right: 1.85, left: 1.89), followed by the temporocortical region (right: 1.58, left: 1.56). Least uptake was noted in the more caudal and middle brain regions [occipito- (right: 1.46, left: 1.41), parietocortical (right: 1.30, left: 1.26), and striatal region (1.19)]. No gender nor age influence was noted in this series. The 123I labeled serotonin-2A receptor ligand seems to have similar cortical binding in the normal canine brain, as shown in humans and other animal species. A frontocortical to occipitocortical (rostrocaudal) binding index gradient was identified within the dog, which has not been seen in imaging studies from humans and other animal species. The significance of these results will need further investigation. This normative data can be used to compare regional brain uptake of the 123I-radioligand to dogs with behavioral disorders related to the serotonergic system, in future studies.     

早期妊娠猕猴孕激素水平的检测

利用全自动化学发光免疫分析仪检测正常未妊娠的与不同孕期猕猴血清中雌二醇及孕酮的分泌水平。结果表明孕5d、10d、25d、30d血清孕酮比正常猕猴的分泌水平有非常明显的上升（P〈0.01）,孕15d也有显著的上升（P〈0.05）;孕15d、20d的雌二醇分泌水平比正常组有非常显著升高（P〈0.01）,而孕5d、10d、2...     

通用型流感疫苗研究进展

疫苗免疫是目前防控流感病毒感染最有效的策略。现有流感疫苗在不同亚型间的交叉保护力较差,并且由于HA和NA蛋白存在抗原漂移和转换现象,极大地影响了现有疫苗的免疫保护效果,甚至导致疫苗免疫失败。而动物模型研究结果显示,基于流感病毒基因组保守区域的疫苗能够对不同型或亚型的流感病毒产生广谱的交叉保护,本文主要介绍基于M2e、HA和NP的通用型流感型疫苗研究进展。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和猪圆环病毒2型二重实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

以胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(App)apx ⅣA基因和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF2基因为靶基因,分别设计特异性引物和探针,建立App和PCV-2的二重荧光PCR方法。App引物扩增的目的片段大小为132bp,PCV-2为169bp。建立的方法可在同一反应体系中同时对App和PCV-2进行定量检测鉴别,其敏感性分别为1×101拷贝和1×100拷贝,对其他猪病病原核酸的检测为阴性。利用该方法对10份人工感染临床样品进行检测试验,其结果符合率达100%,说明该方法可用于对临床样品中App和PCV-2的检测。