布鲁菌缺失疫苗株M5-ΔznuA和M5-Δbp26-ΔznuA的构建及毒力和免疫原性的评估

【目的】利用分子生物学技术,通过同源重组的方法构建了新型的羊种布鲁菌Brucella melitensis减毒活疫苗株,为布鲁菌的防治提供新的选择.【方法】以羊种布鲁菌减毒活疫苗M5株及缺失bp26基因的M5-Δbp26缺失突变株为亲本株,利用电击转化法,将含有znuA基因上下游同源臂的自杀质粒转入到亲本株中,通过同源重组敲除znuA基因.对构建的新型基因缺失株进行生物学特性及毒力的鉴定与分析.【结果和结论】PCR及核苷酸序列测序结果表明,羊种布鲁菌减毒活疫苗znuA单基因缺失株和bp26、znuA双基因缺失株均构建成功,分别将其命名为M5-ΔznuA和M5-Δbp26-ΔznuA.与亲本株相比,2种缺失突变株的生物学特性没有显著性差异;体外连续传至20代后,菌落PCR和核苷酸测序结果显示M5-ΔznuA和M5-Δbp26-ΔznuA株具有良好的遗传稳定性.小鼠脾脏质量和脾脏菌落数表明,M5-Δbp26-ΔznuA双基因缺失株毒力最弱,单基因缺失株M5-ΔznuA和M5-Δbp26次之.血清中抗体水平的监测显示,znuA基因的缺失对布鲁菌减毒活疫苗诱导机体体液免疫的能力没有影响.获得了免疫原性保持良好而毒力减弱的羊种布鲁菌减毒活疫苗基因突变株M5-ΔznuA和M5-Δbp26-ΔznuA.     

猪带绦虫不同阶段及羊囊尾蚴蛋白质分析

利用浓度梯度SDS－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对猪囊尾蚴的囊液和虫体，猪带绦虫成虫的头颈节、成节、孕节，猪带绦虫的虫卵以及羊囊尾蚴的蛋白成分进行了对比分析。结果发现：囊液、虫体、头颈节、成虫、孕节、虫卵、羊囊尾蚴分别有35条（15．0－150．4kd）、44条（15．0－133．7kd)、22条（13．3－163．9kd)、19条（13．3－90．1kd)、19条（13．3－90．1kd)、30条（13．3－99．4）和38条（15．0－133．4kd)蛋白带；其中15．0kd和35．5kd两条共同抗原蛋白带，在猪带绦虫各阶段和羊囊尾蚴中含量最大的蛋白带同时也是阶段性的共同抗原蛋白带。这些结果为下一步的保护性抗原筛选奠定了基础。     

Further data to the aetiology, pathogenesis and therapy of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

Out of a total of 224 bovine eye secretions, 126 Moraxella bovis and 64 Neisseria ovis strains were isolated. The pathogenesis and histological lesions caused by Neisseria ovis have been studied on the eyes of three calves naturally affected with IBK, using electron microscopy.

Neisseria ovis caused in 1–12 weeks old calves acute, transient and mostly benign serous conjunctivitis with only slight affection of the cornea. More rarely erosions and even ulceration of the cornea have been observed.

Moraxella bovis and Neisseria ovis strains proved nearly unanimously sensitive in vitro to chloramphenicol, neomycin, oxytetracyclin, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin and cefoperazone. Other antibiotics and chemotherapeutics inhibited the growth of these agents only partly or were ineffective.

Experimental therapy has been carried out using a single i.m. injection of Terramycin/LA inj. (Pfizer) in a dose of 20 mg/kg body mass, repeated if necessary after 72–96 h. This formulation proved more effective and practical than treatments used earlier.     

Brucella abortus detection by PCR assay in blood, milk and lymph tissue of serologically positive cows

Brucellosis is a highly infectious disease which is diagnosed using serological and microbiological methods. The objective of this study was to assess the viability of using conventional and real-time PCR assays as potential diagnostic tools for the detection of Brucella abortus in naturally infected cows. PCR assays that amplify various regions of the Brucella genome, IS711 genetic element, 31kDa outer membrane protein and 16S rRNA, were optimised using nine known Brucella strains. Real-time PCR was used to examine the detection efficiency of the IS711 assay which was estimated at 10 gene copies. Milk, blood and lymph tissue samples were collected from naturally infected animals. B. abortus was not detected in blood samples collected from naturally infected cows by conventional or real-time PCR, but was detected in a proportion of the culture-positive milk (44%) and lymph tissue (66% - retropharyngeal, 75% - supramammary) samples by the same methods. There was no difference between PCR and bacteriological detection methods. It is unlikely that conventional or real-time PCR will supersede current diagnostic methods for detection of B. abortus in clinical samples.     

牛种布鲁氏菌SP41基因的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank上发表的牛种布鲁氏菌SP41基因序列,设计合成了一对特异性引物。从牛A19疫苗中提取全基因组DNA作为模板,PCR扩增出SP41基因,连入pEASY-T3载体,测序结果表明,扩增的片段含有1 302个核苷酸,编码433个氨基酸的成熟蛋白,与已报道的布鲁氏菌2308、A-13334、S19、9-941序列的氨基酸同源性为100%;与布鲁氏菌ATCC、CCM4915、M28、M5-90、NI的氨基酸同源性为99.8%。布鲁氏菌SP41基因的克隆,为获得重组SP41蛋白及对其结构和功能的研究奠定了基础。     

羊布鲁茵16MvjbR蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵表达载体的构建及其毒性和自激活效应检测

利用Sos招募系统（SRS）,通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增羊布鲁菌16MVjbR基因的编码序列,定向克隆到酵母表达载体pSos中,构建诱饵重组质粒pSos－VjbR,经测序正确后其将转入酵母菌cdc25H（α）感受态细胞,检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性作用及对报告基因有无自激活作用。结果表明,经序列测定证实重组诱饵质粒pSos－VjbR构建成功。重组质粒转化入酵母细胞后,经检测其表达产物对cdc25H（α）酵母细胞无毒性作用,对报告基因亦无自激活作用。这为利用SRS来研究与羊布鲁菌16MVjbR蛋白相互作用的蛋白奠定了基础。     

深度测序技术分析小鼠巨噬细胞感染布鲁菌16M株的转录组学变化

布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的一种人兽共患性传染病,曾被用作生物恐怖战剂。本研究利用深度测序技术对布鲁菌感染小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264．7的转录组学轮廓进行了描述。在感染后4h,筛选出差异表达基因3576个,其中58％的基因表现上调;在感染后24h,筛选出差异表达基因3962个,其中45％的基因表现上调。并且在感染后24h内,变化显著的基因都是与炎症、免疫、吞噬、凋亡紧密相关的。进而我们分析了在感染后24h内显著变化的代谢途径,这些代谢途径包括内质网代谢途径、溶酶体代谢途径、及与凋亡相关的代谢途径;及被显著富集的信号通路,这些信号通路包括凋亡通路、NOD受体信号通路、Fc γR介导的吞噬通路、溶酶体信号通路、p53信号通路、内质网相关蛋白的通路;并且发现B细胞受体和toll样受体信号通路在感染后24h与感染后4h相比被显著富集。本研究建立的巨噬细胞感染布鲁菌后差异表达基因数据库,将为布鲁菌致病机制的逐步阐述奠定基础。     

布鲁菌Cycling探针荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据布鲁菌BCSP31基因序列设计布鲁菌通用检测引物和探针,建立了布鲁菌Cycling探针荧光定量PCR检测方法。以构建的含BCSP31基因的质粒标准品10倍递进稀释为模板检测其敏感性,结果显示,本方法能检测约10个拷贝的阳性质粒,且标准曲线的线性关系良好。用本方法检测5株不同种的布鲁菌以及猪大肠杆菌K99、巴氏杆菌C48-1、猪链球菌ST171、绿脓杆菌等4株对照菌。结果显示,5株不同种的布鲁菌均出现典型的"S"型扩增曲线,4株对照菌40个循环内均无CT值出现。用本方法和B4/B5-PCR方法对来自布鲁菌病流行地区3个不同牛场的40份血样、奶样和血清样进行平行检测。结果显示,本方法和B4/B5-PCR方法的结果符合率为80.0%。B4/B5-PCR检测为阳性的27份样品经本方法检测均为阳性;B4/B5-PCR检测为阴性的13份样本,经本方法检测,其中8份呈阳性,5份为阴性。本方法的敏感性明显高于B4/B5-PCR方法。试验表明,所建立的Cycling探针荧光定量PCR方法具有敏感、特异、稳定等特点,可用于布鲁菌感染的快速检测。     

山羊和绵羊嗜血支原体PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为建立羊嗜血支原体(M.ovis)病快速检测方法,本实验根据GenBank中登录的羊M.ovis 16S rRNA基因序列设计一对引物,以山羊和绵羊M.ovis基因组DNA为模板,建立M.ovis PCR检测方法,并进行特异性、敏感性及临床应用试验。结果显示,建立的M.ovis PCR检测方法扩增片段大小为508 bp,与GenBank中M.ovis参考株同源性达99%以上,该方法与猪嗜血支原体、牛嗜血支原体等病原体无交叉反应,最低检测40个拷贝的DNA;通过对延边地区60份山羊和绵羊血液样本的检测结果表明,建立的PCR检测方法具有特异、敏感、准确等优点,完全适用于M.ovis的检测。     

Analysis of a survey of metabolic disorders

Extract

This survey was instigated in an endeavour to determine the overall incidence of metabolic disorders in dairying herds in the area covered by the Huntly District Veterinary Club. Response to treatment and mortality figures are also included.