基因工程在牧草育种中的应用进展

目前,国外在利用基因工程技术进行牧草育种研究方面已经取得重大进展,而国内利用该技术进行相关领域的研究还相对滞后.本文从品质改良、抗病虫害、抗逆性、抗除草剂等方面综述了近年来国内外牧草基因工程育种的研究进展,简要评述了牧草基因工程育种研究中存在的问题并展望了其应用前景.     

高产优质杂交晚籼早熟新品种H优158的选育与应用

H优158是抚州市临川区绿江南农业新产品研究所用香H2A(原名D10A)与自选恢复系R158配组育成的杂交晚稻早熟新组合。该组合熟期适中、产量高、米质优、适应性广。介绍了H优158的栽培和制种技术要点。     

矮牵牛栽培及周年开花的养护技术

介绍了矮牵牛在宁夏繁育栽培的实用技术，尤其是对矮牵牛周年开花的养护技术进行了探索和总结。     

A comparison of collinearity mitigation techniques used in predicting BLUP breeding values and genetic gains over generations

Collinearity potentially has a negative impact on the prediction of genetic gains in tree breeding programs. This study investigated the reliability and impact of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) using various collinearity mitigation techniques and of two computational numerical precisions on the genetic gains in breeding populations. Multiple-trait, multiple-trial BLUP selection scenarios were run on Eucalyptus grandis (F₁ F₂ and F₃) and Pinus patula (F₁ and F₂) data, comparing predicted breeding values of parents (forward prediction) with those realised in progeny (backward prediction of parents). Numeric precision had an impact on intergenerational correlations of BLUPs of some scenarios, indicating that it may not always be optimal to use higher precision when there is collinearity in the data. The relative difference in genetic gains between techniques varied by up to 0.38 standard deviation units in the less-stable pine population. This highlights the potentially large impact that instability can have on the efficiency of a breeding programme. BLUP performed close to expected in the relatively stable (less collinear) population (eucalypt F.,), and performed poorly in the other two populations. In the unstable pine data, some of the techniques resulted in improved intergenerational correlations coming in line with expected performance. This study indicates that BLUP can perform as expected and also confirms the potential problem of instability and consequences thereof. BLUP users should examine the nature of the population of predicted values and should these be outside expectation, various mitigation techniques should be explored.     

西北地区荷期坦牛育种工作存在的问题及建议

本文阐明了我国西北地区荷斯坦牛育种工作中存在的不重视体型外貌选择和生产性能较低的问题，分析了其原因，并就存在问题的合理解决提出了８项建议。     

公顷产量2000Kg中早熟棉花品种选育策略

与中熟棉相比， 中早熟棉在产量潜力、抗病性及纤维品质等方面都存在差距， 本文从“生态育种”、种质搜集、选择重点及株型育种等方面探讨了选育２０００Ｋｇ·ｈｍ － ２ 中早熟棉花品种的育种策略     

农村房舍网上平养雏鸡的饲养管理技术

育雏是整个蛋鸡生产过程中最重要的一个环节,雏鸡饲养的好坏其后果在以后的产蛋期中必将显示出来。通过分析雏鸡饲养过程中存在的问题,提出了饲养管理的建议。     

土壤初始温度模型

通过热传导理论,建立了地下土壤初始温度分布的理论计算模型,并将模型的全年模拟结果与全年实测值进行了对比.结果表明,地下土壤温度分布模型的计算值与实测值十分吻合,说明理论模型是正确的.模拟结果表明,当土壤深度达到10 m时,土壤全年温度趋于稳定.该理论模型可应用于土壤源热泵系统的分析和设计中.     

Evaluation of valuable nutrients in selected genotypes of marula (Sclerocarya birrea ssp. caffra)

Different marula clones domesticated in the arid Negev desert were evaluated for their horticultural behavior physiological and antioxidant characteristics of their fruits. Two types of abscission pattern were detected, early and late. Fruit yields fluctuated from year to year (6–45 kg/tree) with large differences between clones (few fruits to 45 kg/tree). The clones also differed in fruit weight (34.41 ± 0.91 to 56.74 ± 1.65 g), shape, and juice content. Ascorbic acid content was found to be high in all the clones with significant differences among clones and time post-abscission. Clone no 12 at 1 week post-abscission had the higher ascorbic acid content, 21.177 mg/g dry weight and clone no 4 at the abscission day had the lower ascorbic acid content, 7.142 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight. The total antioxidant and polyphenol content of the juice varied among clones and with time post-abscission, as did the activity of superoxide dismutase (about 1.40 IU/g dry weight of SOD at week 0 for all clones, to 2.67 IU/g dry weight at the third week post-abscission). Fresh marula juice had, on average, four times more antioxidant than the juice of either orange or pomegranate (marula ascorbic acid equivalent: 8.52 ± 0.76 mM to 23.26 ± 2.20 mM versus 2.72 ± 0.39 mM to 7.38 ± 0.18 mM and 2.56 ± 0.41 mM to 3.92 ± 0.18 mM, respectively), considered to be rich in antioxidants. Marula ice cream and jam manufactured according to industrial protocols were rich in ascorbic acid 45 days post-production. In conclusion, selected genotypes of marula exhibited superior horticultural traits and high antioxidant contents. These data should be of value in selecting marula clones for commercial planting.     

高产春大豆新品种桂春豆1号的选育与评价

桂春豆1号是以桂春1号(靖西早黄豆×吉三选三)为母本,桂199(拉城黄豆系选)为父本有性杂交育成的春大豆新品种,该品种区域试验平均产量2631.60kg/hm2,较对照品种柳豆1号增产15.13%,生产试验平均产量2607.00kg/hm2,较对照品种柳豆1号增产14.64%,蛋白质含量39.91%,油分含量19.46%,抗SC11和SC13,耐酸铝能力较强,2006年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。报导了桂春豆1号的选育与试验结果,并对关键育种技术进行了分析。