保护地黄瓜新品种甘丰12号选育报告

甘丰12号是以自交系J3011为母本、自交系CW0387为父本选育而成的黄瓜一代杂种。在2008—2009年的区域试验中,甘丰12号平均折合前期产量为12221．2kg／hm2,较对照品种津优2号减产0．9％;平均折合总产量为102031．0kg／hm0,较对照品种津优2号增产17．2％。瓜条长棒状,平均瓜长31em,平均瓜条直径3．4cm。果形指数9．3,平均瓜把长4．0 cm,平均单瓜重210g。瓜条顺直,中瘤密刺中棱,皮色深绿无黄条纹,食用风味中上。水分含量9513％,可溶性固形物含量33．0g／ks,可溶性糖含量21．1g／kg,Vc含量99．8mg／kg。中抗霜霉病、白粉病,高抗枯萎病。适宜甘肃省皋兰县、白银市、天水市、武威市等地及气候类型相似地区日光温室和塑料大棚栽培。     

Screening fruit tree genetic resources in Belgium for disease resistance and other desirable characters

Summary The wide diversity of old fruit-tree cultivars originating or introduced into Belgium during the 18 ^th and 19 ^th centuries was collected as far as feasible over the last fifteen years at the State Plant Pathology Station in Gembloux. Out of the 2400 accessions now collected, one quarter was recovered from old public collections, and three quarters came from farms or gardens. The initial intention was to screen the material for disease resistance and other characters of agronomic interest with a view to using the best cultivars as breeding parents. However, as the collection developed, genetic resources conservation also became an objectiveper se. The collection presently contains 1150 apple, 850 pear and 300 plum accessions, and smaller numbers of other fruit species. Each accession is evaluated in an experimental orchard for at least ten years. In view of the growing public interest in old fruit-tree cultivars, the Plant Pathology Station has for several years been releasing to the nursery trade the better cultivars emerging from the evaluation, namely nine apple and four plum cultivars, and one peach cultivar. The principal features of the apple cultivars are presented in this paper. Since 1988, old apple and plum cultivars have been being used at the Station as parents in a breeding programme, with both controlled and open pollination. In some instances, old apple cultivars have also been crossed with a modern parent carrying the Vf gene for scab resistance. The preliminary observations on some of these seedlings are presented.     

大豆F2代叶部抗,感灰斑病株群的病粒率比较

在大豆灰斑病流行年份,测定了五个组合的F_2代叶部抗灰斑病和感灰斑病两株群其相应株灰斑病粒率的差异及其显著性。其结果为两株群籽粒灰斑病差异明显,达到显著水准。叶部高抗灰斑病株群其籽粒灰斑病达中抗一高抗株平均占98.2％。表明叶部高抗灰斑病单株,其籽粒绝大多数也抗灰斑病。因此,通过对叶部抗灰斑病单株的选择来完成其籽粒抗性的选择是有效的。     

木芙蓉的繁育系统及传粉生物学

以木芙蓉为研究材料,运用杂交指数、花粉数/胚珠数、座果率、种子萌发率等指标对木芙蓉的繁育系统及传粉生物学等进行研究。结果表明:木芙蓉单花的花期1 d,整体花期7—11月份;木芙蓉的杂交指数为4,繁育系统为异交、部分自交亲和、需要传粉者;木芙蓉的花粉数/胚珠数为415±11.3,繁育系统属于兼性异交类型;木芙蓉自然座果率为74%;同株同花授粉的座果率为40%;人工异株异花授粉座果率为71%;各种授粉方式下,单个果实的种子个数为128~148,差别不大;各种授粉方式下,平均种子萌发率为47%~60%,没有显著差异;传粉昆虫有蜂类、甲虫,其中中华蜜蜂、黑小蜜蜂为主要传粉昆虫。     

峨眉黄连传粉生物学研究

目的揭示峨眉黄连[Coptis omeiensis（Chen）C.Y.Cheng]开花规律与传粉特征,拟确定其繁育系统类型,为探索峨眉黄连野生居群减少成因与引种繁育奠定基础。方法观察峨眉黄连的花部综合特征与开花动态过程;运用杂交指数、花粉-胚珠比、套袋传粉实验等方法综合评价。结果峨眉黄连花期可分为3个时期,其杂交指数为4,花粉-胚珠比在474～907之间,其雄蕊-花粉粒、雌蕊-胚珠发育正常,能形成种子。结论峨眉黄连的繁育系统为兼性异交,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者,具有异花传粉的结构,又有自花传粉的趋向,在自然条件下50%以上的胚珠能形成种子,可进行种子繁育引种。     

高产优质玉米杂交种毕单10号的选育

毕单10号是毕节地区农科所于1993年用自选玉米自交系W260作母本、自选玉米自交系411作父本杂交组配而成的杂交玉米新品种, 2000年12月经毕节地区农作物品种审定委员会审定,2003年7月21日经贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种高产稳产,品质好,抗逆性强,适应性广。1999～2002年示范推广25733.3hm2,增产玉米1676.21万kg,增值1609.16万元,社会经济效益极为显著。     

杂交稻强优恢复系南恢125的选育与应用

在利用国内外优良恢复系作亲本杂交育成中间材料N175基础上,再聚合杂交,培育成功强优恢复系南恢125。该恢复系具有株叶形态优良、恢复力强、恢复谱广、配合力好、花粉量多、制种产量高、较抗稻瘟、米质优等特点。用南恢125配组的Ⅱ优125、泸优125、特优125等组合在各级区试中表现突出,其中Ⅱ优125于2006年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定,显示出良好的生产应用前景。     

改进杂交法在紫甘薯资源创新利用及新品种选育上的应用

通过创新杂交方法,选育适合中国产业化发展的紫甘薯新品种。我们创新利用改进杂交法,并对其杂交后代进行改良或直接利用。结果表明：改进杂交法的单株平均结实率比人工定向授粉和辅助授粉分别提高20.8%~32.3%和14.6%~28.9%,后代紫心品系入选率分别提高7%~14.6%和30.4%~62.2%。利用该方法创新选育出优良亲本烟164、80、194。选育出优良新品系烟紫薯653、176、323、优良后备材料烟紫薯18、20,选育出优良新品种烟紫薯337。并初步探明：紫甘薯后代产量遗传主要受加性基因控制,后代紫心品系入选率的遗传部分受加性基因控制。     

Tartary buckwheat breeding (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagopyrum tataricum</Emphasis> L. Gaertn.) through hybridization with its Rice-Tartary type

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a highly nutritious crop that is widely grown in Asia, but the flour contains a large portion of the hull if it is ground with industrial processing since the hull is very hard to remove as it adheres to the testa layer of the groat. Rice-Tartary, a particular type of Tartary buckwheat, has seeds with a loose hull and the presence of splits on the sides of the seeds that make dehulling easily. The present study reports on the first attempt of crop improvement in Tartary buckwheat breeding through hybridization. Hybrids were obtained by hybridization of crosses between Tartary buckwheat and Rice-Tartary. Additional crosses were made among selected progenies of these crosses. Based on progeny analysis of the F₁, F₂, and F₃, the character of Rice-Tartary, as exhibited as the presence of splits on the sides of the seeds, is controlled by one gene which is homozygous recessive. A Tartary buckwheat breeding program has been conducted for 6 years based on these crosses. Advanced lines with easy dehull and yield potential are at the stage of ready for yield trials. Production of easy dehulling Tartary buckwheat in the future could boost Canada’s domestic and international markets.     

美国大豆生产、育种及产业现状

美国是目前世界上最大的大豆生产国,大豆种植面积(每年3 000万hm2 以上)和总产(每年近8 000万t)均占世界的1/3左右;在大豆高产育种、品质育种、抗性育种等方面研究均居世界领先地位.分子育种已成为美国大豆品种改良的重要手段,美国第一代转基因大豆育成引领了世界大豆育种方向.研究借鉴美国大豆生产、育种与推广的经验...