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31.
32.
The biochemical and gel properties of Pacific sardine and Pacific mackerel were characterized as affected by preparation and cooking methods. Four to eight times more salt soluble proteins were extracted from water-washed paste than fish protein isolate (FPI) paste. Higher total sulfhydryl content was measured in FPI, indicating the exposure of sulfhydryl groups during alkaline extraction. Comparing gel properties based on two cooking methods (slow and fast), the two pelagic fish proteins performed quite differently. Heating rate did not differentiate between surimi and FPI gels from sardine. However, mackerel exhibited higher texture values when using the fast cooking method, indicating the presence of high levels of proteolytic enzymes. Water-washed surimi gels were whiter than FPI for both species. Water retention ability appeared to be higher with mackerel than sardine, regardless of isolation and cooking method. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) also supported a difference in processing chemistry and thermal behavior between two methods for protein isolation and cooking, respectively. 相似文献
33.
The ontogenetic development of the digestive enzymes amylase, lipase, trypsin, and alkaline phosphatase and the effect of
starvation in miiuy croaker Miichthys miiuy larvae were studied. The activities of these enzymes were detected prior to exogenous feeding, but their developmental patterns
differed remarkably. Trypsin activity continuously increased from 2 days after hatching (dah), peaked on 20 dah, and decreased
to 25 dah at weaning. Alkaline phosphatase activity oscillated at low levels within a small range after the first feeding
on 3 dah. In contrast, amylase and lipase activities followed the general developmental pattern that has been characterized
in fish larvae, with a succession of increases or decreases. Amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities generally started to
increase or decrease at transitions from endogenous to exogenous feeding or diet changes, suggesting that these enzymatic
activities can be modulated by feeding modes. The activities of all the enzymes remained stable from 25 dah onwards, coinciding
with the formation of gastric glands and pyloric caecum. These results imply that specific activities of these enzymes underwent
changes due to morphological and physiological modifications or diet shift during larval development but that they became
stable after the development of the digestive organs and associated glands was fully completed and the organs/glands functioned.
Trypsin and alkaline phosphatase were more sensitive to starvation than amylase and lipase because delayed feeding up to 2 days
after mouth opening was able to adversely affect their activities. Enzyme activities did not significantly differ among feeding
groups during endogenous feeding; however, all activities were remarkably reduced when delayed feeding was within 3 days
after mouth opening. Initiation of larvae feeding should occur within 2 days after mouth opening so that good growth and survival
can be obtained in the culture. 相似文献
34.
35.
通过对样品的富集,利用选择培养进行化能自养硫化细菌的分离;以大庆本地碱土作为实验材料,通过硫化细菌及辅料的添加,利用pH计测定碱土pH值变化。分离获得了硫化细菌lh-1,利用该菌株改良碱土以添加0.27% 硫粉混合硫化细菌效果最为明显,经过两个半月的改良,pH可从10.53降到8.23。 相似文献
36.
磷水平对杂交水稻及其亲本根系酸性磷酸酶活性的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了解优良亲本和杂交组合的磷营养遗传特性,以7份亲本及其4个组合为材料,采用水培试验研究了不同磷水平对水稻亲本及其杂交组合根系酸性磷酸酶(APase)活性的影响。在低磷条件下,磷低效型保持系材料Ⅱ-32B的APase活性较对照增加不显著,而磷高效型保持系材料D62B和D83B则通过显著提高根系APase活性增强了对磷胁迫环境的适应性。磷高效型恢复系材料R892和R527在分蘖期和孕穗期的APase活性均较对照显著提高,而磷低效型恢复系材料R549和R781除在分蘖期APase活性增加明显外,在孕穗期和灌浆期APase活性与对照差异不显著。不同亲本配制的杂交稻在低磷水平下,根系APase活性增加的幅度有所不同。磷低效型杂交组合Ⅱ优549分蘖期、孕穗期和灌浆期根系的APase活性在不同供磷水平下差异不显著;磷高效型杂交组合D83A/R527在低磷水平下3个时期APase活性均明显提高。由磷低效型保持系材料Ⅱ-32B与磷低效型恢复系材料R549配制的Ⅱ优549,根系APase活性受低磷胁迫增幅不大;磷高效型保持系材料D83B与磷高效型恢复系材料R527配制的D83A/R527,根系APase活性在低磷水平下上升显著;磷低效型保持系材料Ⅱ-32B与磷高效型恢复系材料R892配制的Ⅱ优892,以及磷高效型保持系材料D62B与磷低效型恢复系材料R781配制的D62A/R781,受低磷胁迫时根系APase活性上升幅度介于磷低效组合Ⅱ优549和磷高效组合D83A/R527之间。 相似文献
37.
套种是杉木人工林经营的重要措施,磷是南方森林生态系统中主要限制性养分元素之一,但套种模式对土壤磷素的影响尚不明确。以亚热带杉木人工林表层(0-10 cm)土壤为对象,研究套种林(杉阔套种幼林、杉阔套种成熟林)和杉木幼林土壤理化性质和土壤各形态磷含量差异,分析套种对杉木人工林土壤磷含量的影响。结果表明:(1)不同套种林显著改变土壤总磷、土壤总无机磷、土壤总有机磷、土壤微生物生物量磷(MBP)和土壤酸性磷酸酶活性(APA),大小顺序均为杉阔套种成熟林>杉阔套种幼林>杉木幼林。(2)土壤各磷组分中活性磷含量较低,其中NaHCO3-Po在活性组分中占主导;土壤NaOH-Po是中等活性磷的主要组分,杉阔套种成熟林尤为显著;闭蓄态磷(Residual-P)在总磷含量中最高。(3)与杉木幼林相比,杉阔套种成熟林显著增加了树脂提取态磷(Resin-Pi)、碳酸氢钠提取态有机和无机磷(NaHCO3-Pi、NaHCO3-Po)、氢氧化钠提取态有机和无机磷(NaOH-Pi、NaOH-Po)、氢氧化钠残留提取态有机磷(NaOHu.s-Po)、盐酸提取态磷(HCl-Pi)和闭蓄态磷(Residual-P)含量;土壤总无机磷、NaHCO3-Po、HCl-Pi、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOHu.s-Pi和Residual-P对杉阔套种幼林的响应不敏感。(4)除含水率外不同林龄下杉阔套种林土壤磷形态与土壤理化性质(土壤总碳氮、土壤可溶性有机氮、土壤微生物生物量磷、酸性磷酸酶)呈正相关性(P<0.05)。冗余分析表明,土壤磷组分的变化主要受MBP调控,且MBP与有机磷组分(NaOHu.s-Po、NaOH-Po)和HCI-Pi呈显著正相关。总之,套种林的土壤磷素有效性高于杉木幼林,土壤养分状况更佳。 相似文献
38.
有机肥营养对西瓜品质具有提升效果,但根系对有机肥中养分的吸收机制尚不完全清楚,尤其对磷素的利用机制。本研究关注西瓜根系分泌酸性磷酸酶活性对有机肥施用的响应。采用模拟西瓜根系分泌物的方法研究有机酸对有机肥中可溶性全磷和有效磷含量的影响;采用砂培的方法,研究有机肥中的磷替代化肥磷时西瓜根系分泌酸性磷酸酶活性的响应;采用田间试验研究有机肥替代化肥以及有机肥不同施用量对西瓜根际酸性磷酸酶活性、西瓜磷营养、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,有机肥中水浸提可溶性全磷含量为6.9 g?kg~(-1),可溶性无机磷含量为525.1 mg?kg~(-1),可溶性全磷中无机磷占7.6%,有机磷占92.4%,可溶性有机磷需经过水解后才能被根系吸收。有机肥中磷替代化肥磷时,西瓜根系和根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性均显著提高,西瓜茎、叶中磷含量提高。施用三倍有机肥时西瓜根际土壤有效磷含量和西瓜产量提高。因此,有机肥中磷替代化肥磷时,西瓜通过提高根系分泌酸性磷酸酶的活性而提高利用有机磷的能力。 相似文献
39.
为明确牛肝菌蛋白提取条件,以牛肝菌子实体为材料,碱溶液为提取剂,在单因素试验基础上,采用四因素五水平的二次正交旋转组合试验设计,研究碱浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间和液固比对蛋白质提取得率的影响,经统计分析,建立数学回归模型。结果表明,所得回归方程达到极显著水平,无失拟因素存在;通过频率分析法得到的牛肝菌蛋白质的最佳提取工艺为:Na OH浓度0.11mol·L~(-1),液固比31∶1,浸提温度62℃,浸提时间1.70 h,此条件下蛋白质实际提取得率为19.85%。本试验优化牛肝菌蛋白的提取工艺参数准确可靠、稳定、可行,为牛肝菌蛋白功能的进一步研究和食用菌功能性食品开发提供了一定的技术依据。 相似文献
40.
Present investigation evaluates the effect of organic fertilization (OF), integrated nutrient management (INM) practice, and recommended dose of chemical fertilization (CF) on changes in soil organic phosphorus (P) and its fractions under rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. The 4-year experiment (2009–2013), under split-plot design, showed that OF did not increase the total P or total organic P content of soil under either of the test crops. However, OF maintained the higher level of labile organic P and moderately labile organic P in soil under wheat the moderately stable organic P and highly stable organic P was highest in paddy soil under CF practices (11.34 and 7.77 μg g?1, respectively) followed by wheat. The P concentration in organically grown rice or wheat grain was increased significantly compared with their CF counterparts. The productivity economics for rice and wheat crops showed INM fertilization to be more economical than OF. 相似文献