东莞生态园湿地鱼类群落结构

为了解东莞生态园湿地水域群落结构特征,探讨2种类型刺网(沉网和浮网)及不同网目网片渔获物组成的差异性,实验利用多网目(1.0、1.25、1.6、2.0、2.5、3.1、3.9、4.8、5.8、7.0、8.6和11.0 cm)单层刺网对该湿地的鱼类进行了调查。研究期间共采集到13种鱼类,相对重要性指数显示,海南似和莫桑比克罗非鱼为优势种,前者密度最高(占84.8%),后者生物量居多(40.2%)。渔获物物种组成沉浮网间差异显著,但单位努力捕捞数量(NPUE)、单位努力捕获重量(BPUE)及物种数与沉浮网间均无显著差异;海南似的NPUE在2种类型刺网间无显著差异,但莫桑比克罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼的NPUE浮网显著低于沉网。12个网目网片的渔获物物种聚成2类,1.0～2.0 cm网目网片渔获物聚为1类,海南似为指示种;2.5～11.0 cm片的聚为另1类,莫桑比克罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼为指示种。渔获物大小结构聚为2类,1.0～3.9 cm网目网片渔获物聚为1类,4.8～11.0 cm网目网片的聚为另1类。随着网目大小增加,渔获物平均体长线性递增,NPUE呈幂函数式下降。研究表明,为对内陆水域鱼类群落...     

引进鹅种的性能及杂交利用效果

选择体质健康、体重相近的1日龄四川白鹅、莱茵、朗德鹅和莱×川杂交鹅各40只,在相同的饲养管理条件下,对多项指标进行70d连续测定。试验结果,育雏率依上述顺序穴下同雪分别为72.5%、72.5%、97.5%和65.0%;70日龄体重分别为2985.00g、3280.00g、3295.00g和3550.00g;0～70日龄增重分别为41.43g、45.62g、45.86g和49.51g鸦腿肌率均达到20%以上(26.65%～22.07%)。     

Correlation between chromaticity values and major anthocyanins in seven Acer palmatum Thunb. cultivars

The correlation between the anthocyanin concentrations of seven Acer palmatum Thunb. cultivars and the chromaticity values a*, b*, a*/b* ratio, h° and L* was investigated. According to the position of leaves on the branch terminal, middle and base sample leaves were analyzed and the positional effect on the level of the major anthocyanin was estimated. Leaf color was measured with a portable colorimeter and individual anthocyanins were detected with the use of HPLC–MS. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was present in all senescing leaves of Acer cultivars and its content decreased from terminal to base position. Cyanidin-3-rutinoside was identified in lower concentrations in the leaves of all cultivars. Multiple variable analysis was calculated for each of the tristimulus values and two major anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside) in senescing leaves of ornamental Acer cultivars. Correlations were detected between the major anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-glucoside) in analyzed Acer cultivars and all chromaticity parameters. The highest correlation coefficient (0.94) was observed between cyanidin-3-glucoside and a*/b* ratio in cultivar ‘Bloodgood’ and lowest (0.54) between cyanidin-3-glucoside and a* in Acer palmatum Thunb. The correlation between cyanidin-3-rutinoside and chromaticity parameters was not detected in all Acer cultivars, additionally correlation coefficients and statistical significance were much lower. The expression of red color in both senescing leaves and in all-year-red cultivars can be tightly linked with the content level of cyanidin-3-glucoside; the second major anthocyanin does not contribute much to the red leaf color.     

萝卜肉质根产量与主要性状相关及通径分析

试验运用相关及通径分析,对萝卜杂交组合的株高、展开度、外露长、叶重、叶片长、叶片宽、叶片数、根长、根粗9个相关农艺性状与肉质根产量进行了分析。结果表明,萝卜杂交组合单根重与其相关性状的直接通径系数是：株高-0.3176、展开度0.3338、外露长0.7369、叶重-0.1175、叶片数0.0626、叶片宽-0.1773、叶片长0.0267、根长0.4839、根粗0.4420。外露长〉根长〉叶重〉株高〉展开度〉根粗〉叶片长〉叶柄长〉叶片数〉叶片宽〉叶柄宽。     

枇杷种质资源果实若干性状及相关性研究

对224份枇杷种质果实11个性状的分布情况及性状间的相关性进行了分析研究,结果表明：（1）枇杷种质资源果实的单果重、可溶性固形物含量、可食率、果实纵经、果实横径、果实侧径、果形指数、萼片长度、萼片基部宽度、萼筒宽度和深度等11个性状存在广泛的分布,变异系数在11.81%~48.92%之间,分布区间以单果重为最大,果形指数为最小;（2）果形指数不能完全反映果实形状;果形指数在0.91~1.10之间的种质果形最为丰富;（3）单果重与果实纵径、果实横径、果实侧径、萼片长度、萼片基部宽度、萼筒深度、可食率及果形指数等8个性状呈极显著正相关,与可溶性固形物含量呈极显著负相关;可食率与单果重、果实纵径、果实横径、果实侧径、萼片长度、萼片基部宽度、萼筒深度及果形指数等8个性状呈极显著正相关,与可溶性固形物含量呈显著负相关;果形指数与果实纵经、单果重、萼筒深度、可食率等4个性状呈极显著正相关,与可溶性固形物含量呈极显著负相关。     

优质鲜食橄榄新品种‘甜榄1号’选育研究

‘甜榄1号’是从大量橄榄实生树中选出的橄榄鲜食新品种。果实梭形,果皮黄绿色,纵横径3．0cm×1．7cm,平均单果重5．5g,果实可溶性固形物含量11．9％,可食率78．2％。在福建省闽清县,果实于11月中下旬成熟。果肉黄白色,肉质细嫩清脆,化渣,风味香甜,回味好,鲜食品质明显优于‘檀香’等现有主栽鲜食品种。     

牧场土壤含水率与坚实度空间变异与相关性分

利用土壤水分/圆锥指数复合测量装置,应用精细农作技术体系网格定点测量与GPS定位,在一块面积约1.27 hm2的草地上获取了土壤含水率与坚实度空间分布基础数据,并针对采样过程中出现的数据缺失,用偏最小二乘法对数据进行修补.然后运用克里格插值法进行数字化成图,并在此基础上分别对含水率与坚实度的空间变异性及两者的相关性做了分析.     

近红外玉米品种鉴别系统预处理和波长选择方

以7个品种玉米籽粒的鉴别系统为研究对象,对比研究了6种预处理方法和波长选择对模型鉴别能力的影响.结果表明,在被比较的6种预处理方法中,一阶导数方法能够使模型有更好的鉴别性能.使用一阶导数预处理和全光谱区的模型平均正确识别率和正确拒识率最高,分别为98.6%和98%,有5个品种的模型的正确识别率和正确拒识率都达到了100%.波长选择对一阶导数模型没有明显作用,但能使标准正态变量变换和矢量归一化模型鉴别准确度得到较大提高.     

Selectivity in a trawl codend during haul-back operation—An overlooked phenomenon

The selectivity of a 99 mm trawl codend was assessed using a codend cover fitted with a MultiSampler, which was acoustically triggered to take separate samples at three different phases of the haul. The first sample was collected during towing, the second during haul-up and the third at the surface. A total of 18 hauls were conducted with a commercial fishing vessel west of Scotland. It was demonstrated that escapes take place not only during the tow but also in the short period when the trawl is hauled back from the seabed and when the codend is at the surface. For haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus), respectively, the mean percentages escaping at the surface were 16, 12 and 38% of the total escape while 17, 8 and 28% escaped during the haul-up phase. Compared to towing, the escape rate (no./min) increased for haddock by a factor 2.7 during haul-up and by a factor 1.7 at the surface, whereas the escape rates of whiting were similar for the three phases. The escape rate of Norway lobster increased by a factor of approximately 7 for both the haul-up and surface phases, compared to the towing phase. The selectivity parameters L50 (50% retention length) and SR (selection range = L75–L25) were estimated and compared for the three different phases and for the whole haul for haddock, whiting and Norway lobster. For all three species there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in L50 between the three phases of the haul. There was also no significant difference for whiting and Norway lobster when comparing the SR of the three phases, whereas the SR was significantly lower for haddock when comparing the surface phase with towing and haul-up. The estimate of L50 when towing was about 6 cm lower for haddock and whiting and 9 mm for Norway lobster compared to the selection curve estimated conventionally for the whole haul. Finally, the effect of sea state, duration and codend catch on the selectivity parameters were estimated for the individual phases and for the whole haul. A significant effect of at least one variable was found in all phases.     

整枝方式对不同株型棉花品种产量及纤维品质的影响

采用两个株型存在明显差异的棉花品种鲁棉研37号和德棉16号,设置三种不同整枝方式(不整枝、简化整枝、精细整枝),研究了不同整枝方式对不同株型棉花品种产量及纤维品质的影响。结果表明:在种植密度为5.25万株/hm^2条件下,鲁棉研37号株高显著高于德棉16号,整枝方式对株高和果枝数影响不显著;鲁棉研37号简化整枝处理籽棉产量和皮棉产量均最高,且籽棉产量显著高于精细整枝处理,德棉16号在不整枝处理下籽棉产量和皮棉产量最高,与精细整枝处理无显著差异,但显著高于简化整枝处理;不同整枝方式对两个品种纤维上半部平均长度和整齐度指数存在一定影响,但纤维指标均能达标。由此可见,在该密度条件下,株型紧凑型品种鲁棉研37号更适合简化整枝处理,松散型品种德棉16号更适合不整枝处理。