家蚕微粒子虫(Nosema bombycis)感染家蚕的病理学研究

Nosema bombycis感染家蚕后 ,家蚕中肠海藻糖酶活性显著下降 ,大量裂殖体的形成是其下降的重要原因 .血淋巴总糖和海藻糖等与能量代谢密切相关物质的含量也明显下降 .感染后血淋巴海藻糖酶活性略有上升 ,但对血糖总量无明显影响 .血淋巴蛋白质含量的下降要滞后于与能量代谢有关的物质 ,其中贮存蛋白量的下降明显高于 30 K蛋白     

高原蚕区家蚕茧层率遗传分析

旨在验证并丰富家蚕茧层率性状的遗传规律,为培育高茧层率的家蚕纯种提供理论依据。以高丝量品种‘菁松’、‘皓月’和中丝量品种‘芙蓉’、‘湘晖’为亲本,构建5世代遗传群体,运用多世代联合分析方法分析茧层率的遗传规律。结果表明：家蚕茧质性状具有明显的性别效应,雄性茧层率大于雌性;亲本的茧层率性状与茧层量呈显著正相关;F₁代的茧层率介于两亲本之间,反交组合茧层率高于正交组合;回交群体的频数呈双峰或偏态的单峰分布;茧层率的杂种优势率在-3.82%~5.63%之间,几乎没有杂种优势。研究得出结论为茧层率高值对低值为显性,呈偏母本遗传,遗传体系中存在主基因,可能存在于性染色体上。     

Identification and Characterization of Aldehyde Oxidase 5 in the Pheromone Gland of the Silkworm (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are a subfamily of cytosolic molybdo-flavoenzymes that play critical roles in the detoxification and degradation of chemicals. Active AOXs, such as AOX1 and AOX2, have been identified and functionally analyzed in insect antennae but are rarely reported in other tissues. This is the first study to isolate and characterize the cDNA that encodes aldehyde oxidase 5 (BmAOX5) in the pheromone gland (PG) of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The size of BmAOX5 cDNA is 3,741 nucleotides and includes an open reading frame, which encodes a protein of 1,246 amino acid residues. The theoretical molecular weight and isoelectric point of BmAOX5 are approximately 138 kDa and 5.58, respectively. BmAOX5 shares a similar primary structure with BmAOX1 and BmAOX2, containing two [2Fe-2S] redox centers, a FAD-binding domain, and a molybdenum cofactor (MoCo)-binding domain. RT–PCR revealed BmAOX5 to be particularly highly expressed in the PG (including ovipositor) of the female silkworm moth, and the expression was further confirmed by in situ hybridization, AOX activity staining, and anti-BmAOX5 western blotting. Further, BmAOX5 was shown to metabolize aromatic aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, and vanillic aldehyde, and fatty aldehydes, such as heptaldehyde and propionaldehyde. The maximum reaction rate (V_max) of benzaldehyde as substrate was 21 mU and K_m was 1.745 mmol/liter. These results suggested that BmAOX5 in the PG could metabolize aldehydes in the cytoplasm for detoxification or participate in the degradation of aldehyde pheromone substances and odorant compounds to identify mating partners and locate suitable spawning sites.     

环境激素壬基酚对体外培养家蚕造血器官的影响

目的:为探讨环境激素对鳞翅目昆虫组织的影响及其利用途径,研究了壬基酚(NP)对家蚕造血器官和翅原基的影响。方法: TC-100培养基中添加对壬基酚(NP),悬滴培养方法体外培养家蚕5～3d幼虫造血器官和翅原基。结果:0．016mmol/L的NP,造血器官和翅原基的发育变慢,造血器官分泌血球数量减少、分泌时间延迟;NP达0．032mmol/L,培养144h内部分组织发黑死亡、无血球分泌;0．128mmol/L的NP,96h后大部分组织萎缩死亡,培养144h无血球分泌。结论:家蚕幼虫造血器官接触NP后,首先影响血球分泌功能,进一步导致造血器官萎缩死亡,对翅原基的不良影响也导致器官萎缩死亡。NP对造血器官和翅原基的影响都有明显的浓度效应。     

Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab, but not Cry1Aa or Cry1Ac, disrupts liposomes

We evaluated the ability of Cry1Aa9, Cry1Ab4, and Cry1Ac1 insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis to destroy liposomes. Cry1A toxins are thought to form pores in midgut apical cell membranes (BBMV), thereby disrupting midgut cells. Liposomes containing fluorescent calcein were prepared using phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) (PC/PS-Liposomes) or PC alone (PC-Liposomes). Cry1Ab (1.4 μM), but not Cry1Aa or Cry1Ac, disrupted PC/PS-Liposomes and PC-Liposomes. PC/PS-Liposomes containing cholesterol and oligosaccharylceramide from Plutella xylostella midgut were damaged even more extensively by Cry1Ab, but the inclusion of either lipid alone had no effect. The initial velocity of Cry1Ab-mediated liposome disruption increased 17-fold when liposomes were prepared with Triton X-100-soluble proteins from Bombyx mori BBMV and PC (PC/Proteo-Liposomes), and Cry1Aa and Cry1Ac also caused slight disruption. These data suggest that Cry1Ab achieves higher penetration into PC/PS-Liposomes, PC-Liposomes, and PC/Proteo-Liposomes compared with Cry1Aa or Cry1Ac and that Cry1Ab may interact with membrane proteins.     

家蚕广食性系统C01对不含桑叶粉人工饲料摄食性的遗传

C01是用不含桑叶粉的人工饲料作检测物,从家蚕种质资源中国系统中筛选得到的摄食性优良的品种。用对不含桑叶粉的人工饲料无摄食性的中国系统1015与C01杂交,对F1、F2和BC1世代蚁蚕用不含桑叶粉的人工饲料检测,分析C01对不含桑叶粉的人工饲料摄食性的遗传规律。结果表明:C01对不含桑叶粉的人工饲料摄食性为隐性遗传,并且由常染色体基因支配。卡平方(X2,chi-square)测定结果显示,广食性品种C01对不含桑叶粉人工饲料摄食性遗传除了受1个隐性主基因控制外,同时还有修饰基因的作用。     

家蚕iap基因在原核表达系统中的表达

为研究IAP蛋白抑制细胞凋亡的作用,用PCR法扩增出家蚕iap基因的cDNA,然后插入pET28a载体,得到阳性质粒pET28a-iap,并转化感受态细胞BL21,使用异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导IAP蛋白的表达,应用SDS-PAGE和Western Blotting法分析目的蛋白,得到一条分子量约为38.8 kDa的特异表达条带,与表达产物的理论值相符。为进一步研究BmIAP蛋白的功能奠定了基础。     

强健性夏秋用新蚕品种川蚕24号育成

[目的]介绍强健性夏秋用蚕品种川蚕24号的选育经过和品种特性。[方法]采用杂交育种和系统选择的方法,育成强健性夏秋用皮斑双限性蚕品种川蚕24号。[结果]经四川省家蚕品种审定的室内鉴定和农村鉴定,新品种具有强健好养、发育整齐、茧丝质优、可根据幼虫体色和斑纹区分雌雄的特点,万蚕产茧量19.66 kg,茧丝长1 241.29 m,解舒丝长941.99 m,解舒率75.87%,鲜茧出丝率17.07%,洁净94.03分,主要经济指标超过对照种。[结论]新品种川蚕24号强健好养,高产优质,适合四川、重庆等长江流域蚕区夏秋季饲养。     

中国野桑蚕DNA多态性研究初报

用RAPD技术对浙江省、陕西省和重庆地区的野桑蚕及家蚕品种C1 0 8和大造进行了DNA多态分析。结果发现 :中国野桑蚕具有极为丰富的遗传多样性 ,就DNA多态性而言 ,不仅地区之间有很大的差异 ,同一地区不同个体之间的DNA多态性差异也类似家蚕品种之间的差异 ;同时 ,野桑蚕也与家蚕有较大的相似性 ,其共有的DNA带数高达 1 3 6%,相似系数也在 0 6以上 ,这从另一个侧面证明家蚕是从野桑蚕进化而来的     

家蚕5龄幼虫蛋白水解酶的最适反应温度和pH值

调查了家蚕(华峰×雪松)5龄幼虫的血液、消化液以及脂肪体蛋白水解酶的反应条件,发现其最适反应温度均在37℃左右,最适反应pH分别为80、98和68左右。血液蛋白水解酶在pH68~98之间其活力变化不大。