中国荷斯坦牛部分乳房结构特性对泌乳性能的影响

本研究对规模化场奶牛乳房结构部分性状进行评价和测定,旨在分析其影响因素及其与泌乳性能的关系。现场评价和测定我国北方6个规模化奶牛场荷斯坦牛的乳房均衡(2 030条)、乳头长度(1 551条)和乳头位置评分(分前、后乳头,2 839条),使用SAS 9.2 GLM过程采用固定效应模型分析影响上述3个乳房性状的因素,同时分析3个单项性状对校正日产奶量和体细胞评分的影响。结果表明:场和胎次对3个乳房性状影响极显著(P0.01);前、后乳头位置和后乳头长度对校正日产奶量有显著影响(P0.05),校正日产奶量与前乳头位置评分值呈正比,与后乳头位置评分值呈反比;前乳头位置和长度对体细胞评分有显著影响(P0.05),体细胞评分随前乳头位置评分的增大而减小;5~5.5 cm的乳头长度对于校正日产奶量和体细胞评分都最佳。本研究结果为通过乳房性状选择、淘汰并提高奶牛的生产性能、乳房健康提供了参考。     

A comparison of the effect of short-acting and long-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy on somatic cell counts after calving in cows also given internal teat sealants

AIM: To compare, in cows treated with an internal teat sealant, the effect of short-acting and long-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy on somatic cell counts (SCC) after calving.

METHODS: Cows from a spring-calving, pasture-based dairy farm in the Manawatu-Whanganui region of New Zealand were randomly allocated to receive either a short-acting cloxacillin and ampicillin dry-cow therapy and internal teat sealant (n=291) or a long-acting cloxacillin and ampicillin dry-cow therapy and internal teat sealant (n=288) at the end of lactation. Cows were managed on-farm with routine husbandry procedures through the dry period and following calving. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the association between length of action of dry-cow therapy and the proportion of cows with a SCC >150,000?cells/mL at the first herd test after calving.

RESULTS: Age of cow, mean SCC for the preceding season and interval from calving to the first post-calving herd test were all associated with the proportion of cows with an individual SCC >150,000?cells/mL at the first herd test (p<0.001) Treatment with the short-acting dry-cow therapy was not associated with decreased odds of cows having a SCC >150,000?cells/mL at the first herd test compared with treatment with long-acting dry-cow therapy (OR=0.724; 95% CI=0.40–1.30).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this herd, which routinely used internal teat sealants, the use of short-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy did not result in an increased proportion of cows with elevated SSC post-calving. This was a single farm, single year study but indicates that in this herd, changing from a long-acting to a short-acting antimicrobial may have no impact on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis.     

Repeat patient testing shows promise as a quality control method for veterinary hematology testing

Background

Repeat patient testing‐based quality control (RPT‐QC) is a potential method for veterinary laboratories (eg, that have a limited budget for quality commercial control material [QCM] or that wish to use material with a species‐specific matrix).

Objectives

To determine whether total error (TE_a), probability of error detection (Ped), and probability of false rejection (Pfr) similar to that achievable with QC materials can be controlled using RPT‐QC

Methods

Control limits (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, and PLT) for the Advia 120 (n = 23) and scil Vet ABC (n = 22) were calculated using data from normal canine specimens from a routine caseload. Specimens were measured at accession and again after 24 hours. Control limits were validated using 23 additional canine specimens tested similarly. Achievable TEa, Ped, and Pfr were investigated using the Westgard EZRules3 and compared to those achievable with commercial QCM.

Results

Theoretical performance of RPT‐QC and commercial QCM‐QC are similar for 1‐3s with both n = 1 and 1‐3s with n = 2 for all measurands and both instruments. Achievable TE_a values for RPT‐QC were close to ASVCP recommendations for most measurands; exceptions were PLT (both instruments) and WBC (scil Vet ABC).

Conclusions

Repeat patient testing‐based quality control advantages include a species‐specific matrix, low‐cost, and absence of QC material deterioration over time (since a fresh specimen is used each day). A potential disadvantage is daily access to normal canine specimens. A challenge is determining control limits, which has a subjective element. Further study is needed to confirm actual RPT‐QC performance and to determine if RPT‐QC with abnormal patient specimens is feasible.     

Effect of bovine seminal plasma on bovine endometrial epithelial cells in culture

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of seminal plasma (SP) from bulls of known fertility on bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEEC) in culture. The bEEC from passage 5, approximately 5.0–13 × 10⁵ cells per flask, were challenged with SP from bulls of high or low fertility (n = 3 and 2, respectively) or PBS (control), at 1% (75 μl) or 4% (300 μl) and were incubated for 72 hr (n = 13 per challenge). Total cell number and viability of bEEC after challenge with 1% SP from either high‐ or low‐fertility bulls (75H or 75L, respectively) did not differ from controls. In contrast, challenge with 4% of SP from high‐ or low‐fertility bulls (300H or 300L) negatively affected bEEC cell number and viability. Challenge with 300 L had a greater adverse effect than 300H. These results suggest that the negative effect of bovine SP on bEEC is both dose‐dependent and fertility‐dependent.     

富硒麦芽对大鼠肝癌细胞增殖周期及凋亡的影响

以100 mg·L-1二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)诱发大鼠肝癌16周,同时分别饲喂含硒0.3、1.0、3.0 mg·kg-1富硒麦芽和含硒3.0 mg·kg-1亚硒酸钠饲料,停止诱癌及补硒处理2周后,处死大鼠.利用流式细胞术分析肝细胞增殖周期和细胞凋亡,探讨富硒麦芽对DEN诱发大鼠肝癌细胞周期及细胞凋亡的影响.结果表明: 与模型对照组比较,富硒麦芽组大鼠S期细胞显著减少,细胞增殖指数显著下降,而G0/G1期细胞显著增多,细胞凋亡率显著升高;与亚硒酸钠组比较,相同硒含量富硒麦芽组G0/G1期细胞和细胞凋亡率显著高于亚硒酸钠组,而S和G2/M期细胞显著低于亚硒酸钠组.证明富硒麦芽能干扰大鼠肝癌细胞增殖周期,阻断DNA合成与复制,使癌细胞在G1期堆积,再诱导G1期细胞发生凋亡,提示抑制癌细胞增殖和促进癌细胞凋亡可能是富硒麦芽发挥其抗癌作用的细胞学基础之一.     

CW-MFC系统启动过程中溶解有机物的荧光光谱解析

为判断CW-MFC反应器运行状态提供一种简单且快速的监测方法,利用三维荧光光谱法研究人工湿地-微生物燃料电池耦合系统（CW-MFC）启动过程中溶解性有机物（DOM）的光谱特征。结果显示CW-MFC反应器启动阶段的循环进水周期内类蛋白质峰荧光逐渐变弱,说明反应器内部微生物有较好的活性,而类腐殖质和类富里酸峰荧光呈现逐渐增强的趋势。同时,随着驯化时间的推移,在连续流进水周期内系统的输出电压基本维持在300 mV左右,COD、NH₄⁺-N、TP的平均去除率也逐渐趋于稳定,分别为82.66% ± 4.47%、73.52% ± 6.95%和55.42% ± 8.59%。并通过比较反应器的出水中DOM组分荧光强度得分值,发现从启动到稳定运行的过程中反应器内部微生物的活性和代谢逐渐稳定,说明利用三维荧光光谱技术判断反应器是否运行稳定具有可行性。     

暗期短暂远红光处理对南瓜幼苗生长、细胞形态和激素含量的影响

【目的】研究暗期前短暂远红光处理对南瓜幼苗生长形态、组织细胞形态和相关激素水平的影响,为远红光在农业上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以南瓜品种‘日本雪松’为试验材料,分别在暗期前给予2(T1)、4(T2)、6(T3)、8(T4)、10(T5)和12(T6)mmol·m^-2·d^-1的远红光处理,以无远红光处理为对照(CK),测定植株生长形态下胚轴细胞形态以及生长素(IAA)、玉米素(ZT)、赤霉素(GA3)与油菜素内酯(BR)含量。【结果】在暗期短时外施远红光能显著提高南瓜幼苗下胚轴长度和株高,对植株茎粗,地上、地下部干/鲜重无显著影响;2、4、6、8、10和12 mmol·m-2·d-1远红光处理的下胚轴薄壁细胞轴向长度分别比CK显著增加34.6%、20.7%、31.3%、25.6%、32.8%和20.9%;下胚轴厚角组织厚度分别比CK显著增加19.6%、22.4%、21.2%、23.9%、19.6%和28%;经暗期前远红光处理后,南瓜幼苗根中生长素(IAA)含量,下胚轴中生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZT)含量,子叶中生长素(I...     

四倍体甜瓜花粉母细胞减数分裂的观察

以同源四倍体甜瓜为材料,采用常规压片法研究花粉母细胞减数分裂行为。结果表明:同源四倍体甜瓜花粉母细胞减数分裂过程与二倍体类似,但有其特殊性。主要表现在:粗线期观察到有6.7%的细胞出现双核;终变期的四倍体染色体构型较复杂,有二价体、多价体、三价体和单价体;中期I和中期II有赤道板外染色体;后期I和后期II出现染色体桥和落后染色体;四分体时期出现二分体、三分体和多分体。花粉母细胞减数分裂的异常是同源四倍体甜瓜育性低的细胞学原因。     

麦冬水提物对猫肾细胞的影响研究

麦冬是我国传统中药之一,兼备保健和治疗作用。为了探究麦冬能否应用在宠物食品中,本试验以不同浓度的麦冬水提物(3.91 ～8000 μg/mL)为受试药物,从细胞的形态、增殖、凋亡及周期4个方面对猫肾细胞(F81)进行安全性评价。结果表明：在试验浓度范围内,麦冬水提物没有抑制F81的增殖,且在3.91～62.5 μg/mL的浓度范围内,凋亡及周期结果经统计学分析均无显著性差异,与对照组接近,且细胞形态良好。说明在一定浓度范围内,麦冬水提物对F81细胞无毒害作用。     

温湿度调控对番茄灰霉病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的影响

 番茄灰霉病菌在致病过程中能够产生4种细胞壁降解酶,以PMG酶活性最高,其次是β-葡萄糖苷酶和PG酶,Cx最少。灰霉病菌在不同温度下侵染番茄叶片时产生的致病酶活性不同,4种酶在20℃时表现了最高的活性,15℃次之,当温度达到25℃时,各种酶的活性都急剧下降,随着温度的再升高,酶活更低。随着湿度的增高,病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的活性也增加,当相对湿度达到90%以上时,4种酶的活性也达到最高。温湿度对番茄灰霉病菌产生细胞壁降解酶的影响趋势,与其对发病的影响趋势是一致的。