草业生产中应用稀土的效果

１９９０年～１９９１年在新疆７种地（州）市和２０个县（市）和区辖国营牧场进行了稀土在牧草生产中开发应用的研究。两年来，累计应用面积约１４０７７ｈｍ＾２，新增总产值１２５．３元，产投比达５．８～３３．１：１，新增干草总量８４９．６万公斤。开发研究表明，新疆牧区主要土壤中可溶态稀土含量多在５．５～８．３ｍｇ（ＲＥ２Ｏ３）．ｋｇ＾－１之间，施用稀土表现有效。稀土具有提高牧草成苗密度，促进植株生产发育、生     

鲁西黑头肉羊与小尾寒羊肉质性状的比较研究

 分别选4只5月龄鲁西黑头肉羊和小尾寒羊屠宰,测定常规指标,同时取背最长肌和股二头肌测定肌肉中化学成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质和微量元素含量。结果表明：鲁西黑头肉羊屠宰率为55.09%,比小尾寒羊提高8.83个百分点,净肉重比小尾寒羊提高32.48%（P＜0.01）;眼肌面积比小尾寒羊增加27.2%(P＜0.05）。经测定,鲁西黑头肉羊与小尾寒羊肌肉的pH值,肌肉的剪切力,肌纤维密度,粗蛋白质和18种氨基酸总量等均与小尾寒羊差异不显著。鲁西黑头肉羊ω-6与ω-3脂肪酸的比例为4.54～5.17∶1,肌肉中S∶M∶P比接近1∶1∶1,达到世界卫生组织和联合国粮农组织推荐标准。综合分析表明,鲁西黑头肉羊肌肉硬脂酸含量低,膻味轻,而且胆固醇含量低（59.19 mg）,肉质品质好,是生产优质高档羊肉的理想群体。     

普洱烟区氮肥运筹及株距对烤烟品种云烟116产量和质量的影响

为探讨适宜普洱烟区烤烟新品种云烟116的最佳施氮量、氮肥基追比例以及种植株距,采用L₉(3⁴)无交互正交试验设计,通过大田小区试验,研究不同处理对烤烟经济性状、化学成分协调性以及感官评吸质量综合得分的影响。结果表明,云烟116在行株距（1.20m×0.50m）、低氮水平（112.5kg/hm²）且氮肥基追比例为5:5时,经济性状和综合品质表现最佳。与常规生产措施相比,云烟116需严格控制氮肥用量,比主栽品种云烟87低7.5~15.0kg/hm²为宜,氮肥基追比例可适当调整,降低基肥比例,适当增加追肥比例。     

Hot water extractable C and N in relation to microbiological properties of soils under beech forests

Hot water extraction is sometimes recommended as an easy method to estimate the readily mineralizable fractions of total C (C_t) and total N (N_t) in arable soils. However, the usefulness of this method for forest soils has not been adequately studied. The objectives of this study were to relate the hot water extractable C (C_hw) and N (N_hw) to microbiological and chemical properties of the forest soils under beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands and to test the ability of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict chemical and microbial properties of these soils. Soils differing in humus type, soil type and soil texture were collected from five locations and five depths. In all soils the amount of C_hw was higher than the microbial biomass C (C_mic) indicating that a considerable part of C_hw was of non-microbial origin. The amount of C_hw in mineral soil correlated significantly (r =–0.30–0.53) with C_mic, basal respiration (BAS) and C_t/N_t ratio but was not related to C_mic/C_t ratio. The amount of N_hw was correlated with C_mic, BAS, C_mic/C_t ratio, and C_t/N_t ratio (r =–0.59–0.78). However, C_t and N_t values showed better relationships (r =–0.42–0.88) with all the parameters, indicating no advantage in using C_hw and N_hw in forest soils. NIRS predicted satisfactorily C_t, N_t, C_hw, N_hw, C_mic, C_mic/C_t ratio and BAS in the mineral soils [the regression coefficients (a) of linear regression (measured against predicted values) ranged from 0.84 to 1.17 and the correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.86 to 0.94] indicating the applicability of NIRS to estimate these properties.     

Korttermyn invloed van strawwe droogte op veldtoestand en waterverbruiksdoeltreffendheid van grasveld in die sentrale Oranje‐Vrystaat

Short‐term effect of severe drought on veld condition and water use efficiency of grassveld in the central Orange Free State. The impact of an intensive drought (1982/1983 and 1983/84‐growing seasons) on botanical composition, basal cover, mortality of grazing plants and water use efficiency (WUE) of veld in good, moderate and poor condition was identified. Increaser II species were apparently more capable of surviving drought than the Decreaser species. Under optimal soil moisture conditions the Decreaser species increased and the Increaser II species decreased. During the drought extensive grass mortality took place. Veld condition plays an important role in determining mortality during drought. Decreaser species have a high water requirement for optimal WUE, while Increaser II species can reach maximum WUE with less water. Under water stress conditions Increaser II species significantly (P≤0.01) do not use the water as efficiently as do Decreaser species. The WUE under water stress conditions for veld in good, moderate and poor condition was on average, during the study period, 0.90; 0.90 and 0.40 kg ha^?1 mm^?1, respectively, and towards under optimal water conditions, 2.47; 1.67 and 0.23 kg ha^?1 mm^?1, respectively.     

追施氮磷钾配比肥料对成林油桐桐果产量和质量的影响

试验于1989～1990年间在金华县油桐良种基地进行。在一般管理水平的基础上,根据成林油桐生长和发育的特点,在油桐开花前(3月下旬),追施以氮肥为主的氮、磷、钾配比肥料(N:P_2O_5:K_2O=4.0:2.0:1.2),在长果长油前期(7月上旬),追施以钾肥为主的氮,磷,钾配比肥料(N:P_2O_5:K_2O=1.0:1.0:2.4).试验证明;盛果期油桐的产量和质量与施肥量之间存在着极显著的二次抛物线回归关系。产量与施肥量的回归方程为:y=2403 7950x-3165x~2,r=0.7842,r_(0.01)=0.6411(6年生);y=3947 11628x-4074x~2,r=0.8290,r_(0.01)=0.6411(7年生)。含油率与施肥量之间的回归方程为:y=48.21 31.06x-13.00x~2,r=0.9312,r_(0.05)=0.8783.追施配比肥料的油桐,其桐果产量从对照的3267kg/hm~2,提高到7557kg/hm~2.含油率从对照的46.0％提高到63.7％.最高产投比为5.21.     

内蒙白猪胴体性状的通径分析

本项研究主要利用通径分析的方法,对内蒙白猪瘦肉率与其他胴体性状的相关关系进行了剖析,找出了影响瘦肉率的主要性状是胴体重和胴体长,其次为屠宰率,而其他各性状对瘦肉率的作用都很小,对提高瘦肉率没有什么实际意义,对内蒙白猪今后选优提纯,进行个体选择价值都不大。经过分析讨论,得出的结论是:提高内蒙白猪的瘦肉率,间接选择活猜的体重和体长两项性状最为有效。同时也是内蒙白猪不经屠宰,无需化费人力、物力、时间等,经过间接选择活猪体重、体长这两个指标,即可达到直接提高猪瘦肉率的目的。     

复(混)肥尿素磷铵、氯磷铵的肥效与施用技术

据省内17个田间试验点统计,水稻施氯磷铵处理平均亩产488公斤,比尿素磷铵447公斤增产9.2％,比尿素 普钙458.2公斤增产6.5％。在棕壤、草甸土上,氯磷铵对玉米、谷子、棉花和大豆等作物的肥效同尿素磷铵及等养分的单质配合肥大体相等。在中等肥力条件下,氯磷铵对玉米、大豆经济效益最佳施肥量分别为24.7公斤/亩和16.4公斤/亩;对水稻作物在高、中、低三种肥力水平条件下最佳施肥量分别为26.6公斤/亩,45.5公斤/亩和57.8公斤/亩.在粮食作物上,采用氮磷比为 1:1型的复合肥应以50％作基肥.再用50％的单质氮素作追肥经济效益最高。在施用方法上复合肥以作基肥深施和全层施肥效果好,分别比对照增产49.6％和39.1％。     

席草施肥对土壤电导率的影响

本文研究了席草施肥对土壤电导率（ＥＣ）的影响，结果表明，划分为１次基施和５次追施的各累积施肥量与其相对应的ＥＣ呈极显著的线性回归关系（ｒ≥０．８８４２，ｎ＝１１）；肥料用量影响了主要生育时期ＥＣ值的升峰幅度和鲜草产量，鲜草产量与成熟前期后的ＥＣ值呈极显著的指数回归关系（ｒ＝－０．８４７１，ｎ＝２０）。     

对氨基苯甲酸与DA-6拌种对玉米种子萌发及幼苗养分吸收的影响

采用拌种的方法,通过室内发芽与营养液培养相结合,根据对氨基苯甲酸或胺鲜酯(DA-6)拌种于玉米对其种子萌发、叶片光合作用以及幼苗养分吸收的影响,筛选出最适宜的拌种物质。结果表明,与单独拌种22 mmol/L对氨基苯甲酸或(15 mg/L)DA-6的处理相比,22 mmol/L的对氨基苯甲酸和15 mg/L的DA-6混配合拌种于玉米只是显著促进了胚根的生长和幼苗叶片的SPAD值,叶片可溶性蛋白质含量呈下降的趋势;与单施对氨基苯甲酸相比,养分吸收则显著下降,可能是由于DA-6会抑制对氨基苯甲酸在玉米叶片可溶性蛋白合成以及养分吸收中的促进作用。而与蒸馏水拌种处理(CK)相比,单独拌种22mmol/L的对氨基苯甲酸有促进玉米种子胚根、胚芽生长的趋势,增幅分别为6.85%、16.28%;同时,在叶片光合作用上,SPAD值和叶片可溶性蛋白质含量也分别提高了1.37%、12.18%;在养分吸收上,比CK显著提高了地上部氮含量14.66%,每株地上部氮(N)、磷(P)累积量、每株根部氮(N)累积量均有增加的趋势。综合分析,单独拌种22 mmol/L的对氨基苯甲酸是较适宜的拌种物质。