Effect of several supplemental Chinese herbs additives on rumen fermentation, antioxidant function and nutrient digestibility in sheep

Two experiments were carried out in this study. Experiment 1 was conducted to examine the effects of several supplemental Chinese herbs on antioxidant function and slaughtered body weight in sheep. Results indicated that Fructus Ligustri Lucidi supplementation improved the blood antioxidant function [higher concentration of glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase and lower concentration of malondialdehyde] and slaughtered body weight in sheep (p < 0.05). Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate the effect of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract (FLLE) on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility in sheep. Four levels of FLLE treatments, i.e. 0, 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg dry matter (DM), were used in this part. Addition of FLLE at 300 or 500 mg/kg DM increased total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and propionate proportion, decreased ammonia-N concentration in the ruminal fluid, reduced blood urea nitrogen concentration at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after morning feeding (p < 0.05). Addition of FLLE at all dosages had no effect on ruminal pH value and acetate concentration at all sampling time points in sheep (p > 0.05). Dynamic degradation coefficient c of maize DM was significantly increased by supplementing FLLE at 300 or 500 mg/kg DM (p < 0.05). Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract addition had no effect on degradation coefficients a, b, c of DM and nitrogen of soybean meal; a, b of maize DM; a, b, c of maize nitrogen; and a, b, c of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) of Chinese wildrye (p > 0.05). Addition of FLLE at 300 or 500 mg/kg DM increased DM and organic matter digestibility of diet (p < 0.05). Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract addition had no effect on digestibility of diet's NDF, ADF and crude protein (p > 0.05). From the aforementioned results, it is indicated that FLLE improved antioxidant status and slaughtered body weight. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract addition has capability to modulate rumen fermentation, increase the maize degradation rate, total volatile fatty acid concentration and propionate proportion in sheep.     

Comparison of the intravenous and intravaginal route of oxytocin administration for cervical dilation protocol and non‐surgical embryo recovery in oestrous‐induced Santa Inês ewes

This study compared the effects of intravaginal and intravenous routes of oxytocin (OT) administration in 46 oestrous‐induced Santa Inês ewes (6‐day treatment with progestin‐releasing intravaginal sponges and a single injection of 200 IU of eCG at the time of sponge removal) that underwent transcervical embryo recovery 6–7 days after oestrous onset and mating. All ewes received 37.5 μg of d‐cloprostenol via latero‐vulvar route, and 1 mg of oestradiol benzoate i.m. 16 hr before and 50 IU of OT 20 min before non‐surgical embryo recovery (NSER), with OT being administered intravenously (n = 21) or intravaginally (n = 21). An overall oestrous response was 95.6% (44/46), and adequate cervical retraction could be accomplished in 78.6% (33/42) of ewes. The percentage of successful NSER procedures was 57% (24/42) or 72.7% (24/33) of animals with sufficient cervical retraction. The duration of NSER procedure averaged 28 min (range: 17–40 min) and ~96% of flushing fluid could be recovered (range: 85%–100%). Out of 18 ewes that could not undergo NSER, 12 (66.6%) presented various anatomical barriers, whilst the other 33.4% did not present these barriers and still could not be traversed. Excluding the ewes with those anatomical features, the overall success rate of NSER was 80% (24/30). The route of OT administration had no effect on NSER efficiency or the ease with which transcervical embryo flushing was performed. Both routes of OT administration can be used for cervical dilation protocol. Discarding ewes with anatomical features precluding cervical penetration is highly recommended to increase the efficacy of NSER in sheep.     

互助藏羊肺炎病原绵羊肺炎支原体的PCR检测与分析

青海省互助某羊场藏系绵羊发生肺炎疾病,为了快速准确诊断藏羊肺炎发病的致病病原微生物,及时防控和治疗,采集病死绵羊肺样品,利用PCR分子生物学方法进行鉴定与生物信息学分析。经过分子鉴定,此羊场引发肺病的病原是绵羊肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, MO);测序结果显示样品中鉴定的为同一株病原,鉴定的菌株的16S rRNA基因与参考序列EU265779的同源性达到99.86%。同时遗传进化树显示,鉴定的菌株与GenBank中的绵羊肺炎支原体聚成一大支,其关系最近,在进化角度证实此次鉴定的确实为绵羊肺炎支原体。结果表明,此羊场引发肺炎疾病的病原是绵羊肺炎支原体,提示要对羊群进行相关的病原学研究和流行病学调查,为针对性地对细菌性病原进行对症治疗提供参考。     

湖羊及其杂交后代中双羔羔羊断奶期的生长发育研究

采用SAS8．2的GLM过程和ttest过程对同期出生、不同杂交组合方式的290头 湖羊杂交后代的体重和日增重进行分析。结果表明,不同杂交组合方式对子一代初出生重和二 月龄断奶重都有显著提高,但只有三元杂交对二月龄日增重有显著影响。不同杂交组合间,美 利奴×夏洛来×湖羊组合效果最好,与其它三组都有显著差异。     

四个绵羊品种MHC-DQA1基因exonⅡ多态性分析

为了比较和揭示洼地绵羊、杜泊羊、小尾寒羊及特克赛尔绵羊4个绵羊品种MHC-DQA1基因的遗传多态性,采用PCR-RFLP技术对4个绵羊品种224个样本的MHC-DQA1基因exonⅡ的315 bp片段进行多态性分析;并对基因型频率和等位基因频率进行统计,运用Popgen32软件计算相应的遗传参数.结果表明,AluI-R...     

内蒙古地区暖棚养羊的必要性和太阳能采暖的应用

内蒙古大部分地区的严寒季节长达6~7个月,受寒冷气候条件的影响,散养羊生长缓慢,饲料消耗量增加,掉膘现象严重,产羔率和羔羊成活率也受到严重影响,大大降低了养羊的经济效益。建筑暖棚不仅能提供充足的热能,还可防止羊只掉膘。但是,常用的取暖方式以燃烧木材、煤或羊粪砖为主,存在着污染环境的隐患,并会受资源短缺的限制。太阳能作为一种新能源,是人类可以利用的最丰富的能源,可以就地开发利用,不存在运输问题,是一种洁净的能源,不会造成污染和公害。因此,利用太阳能采暖和暖棚养羊能够推动畜牧业向健康、高效、资源节约的合理方向发展。     

甘肃高山细毛羊成年母羊四季采食量及消化率测定

选择15只甘肃高山细毛羊成年母羊,采用链烷法测定四季干物质采食量和牧草消化率,其结果为:每只成年母羊春夏秋冬四季干物质采食量分别为0.85,1.36,1.48和0.75kg·d~(-1),成年母羊每kg代谢体重四季采食量分别为61.72,93.86,93.83和47.99g·(w0.75kg)-1。每只甘肃高山细羊春夏秋冬四季代谢能食入量分别为6.11,13.30,13.99和5.08 MJ·d~(-1);粗蛋白质食入量分别为71.49,212.31,188.26和43.83g·d~(-1);钙食入量分别为2.27,8.22,9.61和2.58g·d~(-1);磷食入量分别为0.94,4.98,5.87和1.01g·d~(-1)。甘肃高山细毛羊成年母羊春夏秋冬四季牧草干物质消化率分别为44.65%,64.02%,57.73%和45.98%,四季牧草粗蛋白质消化率分别为47.40%,62.69%,59.67%和48.05%。     

碳纤维人工食管用于牛羊的实验研究

选用碳纤维作为食管代替物,对各切除颈段固有食管3～4cm的8例绵羊和2例犊牛行食管植入吻合术。植入的碳纤维人工食管长度为3～4.5cm,管径为1～2cm,管壁厚为0.1～0.15cm。人工食管与食管断端采用作者改进的高桥氏二层重叠缝合方法吻合。术后除2例绵羊因人工食管渗漏子第4d死亡外,其余吻合手术均获成功。绵羊术后4～5d采食咀嚼碎青草自如,但咽下较缓慢,有时反复2～3次方能咽下;术后5～20d,采食及吞咽恢复至正常状态;20d后又复出现吞咽缓慢。犊牛术后饮奶咽下顺利,到20d后偶有反复吞咽和奶汁由鼻孔中返流现象,经3～5d恢复正常。经X线透视或钡剂食管造影检查,术后7～14d,钡液顺利通过食管和人工食管,显示人工食管部较正常食管稍细,术后22～26d,人工食管脱落,脱落部食管狭窄,其前方食管呈纺锤状扩张。动物全身及血液,生化指标观察均无明显改变。病理学观察,术后15d可见在食管两断端由新生肉芽组织形成纤维膜管以包裹人工食管,在新生肉芽组织纤维膜管内面,靠近食管吻合口边缘,已长出灰白色薄层粘膜;术后22～25d,人工食管脱落于瘤胃或网胃中,食管缺损段已由新生的食管组织连接在一起,新生食管外周形成纤维膜包裹,管腔内面被覆有较完整的薄层粘膜;术后35～40d。见新生食管内面粘膜层覆盖完整,管壁稍增厚,内腔稍     

农副产品在我国农区养羊产业中的应用

 
论文对我国农区养羊中农副产品的应用进行了分析,指出利用农副产品养羊存在的主要问题,并提出解决对策,为我国农区养羊产业中农副产品的合理应用提供参考。     

引入我省小尾寒羊的染色体分析

用外周血淋巴细胞培养、空气干燥制片技术。研究了引入我省小尾寒羊的正常核型和染色体畸变类型,其结果与国内外报道的其它绵羊无明显差异。