哈维氏弧菌引起的条纹海马表皮溃疡综合征的研究

近年来,条纹海马的养殖在我国发展迅速,但由于多种养殖疾病的频繁暴发,严重制约了条纹海马养殖业的健康发展。自2017年以来,我国北方地区在条纹海马的养殖过程中,多次发生表皮溃疡综合征,患病海马游泳能力减弱,皮肤大面积溃疡,同时伴随烂尾症状,解剖后发现其肠道发白,肝脏及鳃颜色暗淡,死亡率较高,给海马养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。本研究从患病条纹海马的溃烂肌肉及肠道中分离出13株优势菌株,经回归感染实验证实菌株HDM-2可引起条纹海马出现表皮溃疡综合征的类似症状,且半数致死量(LD_(50))约为2.89×10~8 CFU/mL。为确定菌株HDM-2的分类地位,采用生理生化及基于16S rDNA的分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定,结果显示,HDM-2为哈维氏弧菌;为了解菌株HDM-2的菌体特征,采用透射电镜(TEM)对菌株HDM-2进行观察,结果显示,HDM-2为周生鞭毛,有荚膜,大小约2.20μm×4.75μm;为获知HDM-2的抗生素敏感性,采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,结果显示,菌株HDM-2对氟苯尼考和头孢他啶等较敏感;患病条纹海马的组织病理学研究表明,菌株HDM-2对条纹海马的皮肤、肝脏以及鳃组织损伤较严重。本文可为条纹海马表皮溃疡综合征的防治及深入研究提供基础资料。     

鳙、鲢鱼打印病病原菌的分离与鉴定

分离和鉴定了一株嗜水气单胞杆菌纯养物。该菌呈短棒状,无芽胞,极生单鞭毛,有运动力,革兰氏染色阴性。该菌可发酵多种碳水化合物如葡萄糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、半乳糖、丙三醇等。在营养琼脂上生长迅速、良好,该菌对红霉素、氯霉素、7％氯化钠溶液等敏感,对青霉素和磺胺类药物有耐药性。根据这些特征,本菌不同于嗜水气单胞菌,不产气亚种和嗜水气单胞菌解朊亚种,被定为嗜水气单胞菌嗜水亚种。     

Comparative endoscopic evaluation of normal and ulcerated gastric mucosae in Thoroughbred foals

To contribute to early diagnosis and treatment of gastric ulcer of foals, we examined the gastric mucosa of healthy and affected foals using an endoscope. In healthy foals, the characteristic changes in the development of the squamous mucosa were seen mainly in the squamous mucosa, and maturation of the squamous mucosa in the greater curvature (GC-S) occurred more slowly than that of the squamous mucosa in the lesser curvature (LC-S). Epithelial desquamation in the LC-S and GC-S was observed between 6 and 90 days but was not observed in the LC-S at about 60 days, whereas it was observed in the GC-S until 90 days old. These findings suggest that there is a difference in the development of the gastric mucosa by region and that desquamation continues over a term longer than studies have reported in the past. In the affected foals, the minimum age at which gastric ulcer was observed was 4 days old. Gastric ulcers formed predominantly in the squamous mucosa (LC-S and GC-S) of foals with an immature mucosa before the weaning period, and the peak incidence occurred between 61 and 90 days old. The differences in the ulceration sites were considered to depend on the difference in the development (maturation) stage of the squamous mucosa. The grading score of the gastric ulcer increased with the growth of the affected foals. The gastric ulcer might be enhanced greatly by stress in the weaning period.     

The formation process of button ulcers in pigs experimentally infected with a subgenotype 2.1 isolate of classical swine fever virus

We evaluated the role of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in the formation of button ulcers in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of pigs experimentally infected with a subgenotype 2.1 isolate of CSFV, which was isolated in Japan in 2019, revealed follicular necrosis in the submucosal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and herniation of crypts as factors that contribute to the development of button ulcers during CSFV infection. These findings indicate that CSFV induces follicular necrosis and is one of the causative agents of button ulcers in pigs.     

Associations of sole ulcer at claw trimming with reproductive performance, udder health, milk yield, and culling in Swedish dairy cattle

The association between sole ulcer found at routine claw trimming 2–6 months after calving and reproductive, health and productive traits in the same lactation, was investigated in an observational study of 2368 dairy cows in 102 Swedish herds. The data were analysed by mixed multivariable linear-, logistic- and Poisson-regression modelling at the cow level, accounting for clustering within herd. Associations were found between sole ulcer and first-service conception risk in the first study year (OR 0.59), calving interval (2% longer), treatment for anoestrus (OR 1.61), and 305-day milk yield (479 kg ECM higher). No associations could be shown between sole ulcer and first-service conception risk in the second study year, the number of services per conception, clinical mastitis, high milk somatic-cell counts or culling.