The effect of omeprazole paste on intragastric pH in clinically ill neonatal foals

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Administration of omeprazole paste per os to healthy neonatal foals has been shown to effectively increase intragastric pH, but has not been evaluated in sick neonatal foals. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of orally administered omeprazole paste on intragastric pH in clinically ill neonatal foals requiring nasogastric intubation. METHODS: Intragastric pH was measured continuously for 24 h using an indwelling electrode and continuous data recording system in hospitalised neonatal foals age < or =2 days. Intragastric pH was measured for 12 h prior to (pretreatment period) and 12 h following (post treatment period) treatment with omeprazole paste (4 mg/kg bwt per os). All foals displayed periods of acidity (pH <4) prior to treatment. Statistical analysis compared pre- and post treatment mean and median intragastric pH, and percentage of time below pH 4. RESULTS: Eight foals were evaluated age 1-3 days, a gestational age of at least 320 days or reported to be full term. The mean (3.19 +/- 1.50 vs. 6.20 +/- 0.93) and median (4.6 +/- 1.7 vs. 6.86 +/- 0.89) pH were significantly higher and the percentage of time below pH 4 (32.25 vs. 1.1%) was significantly lower in the post treatment compared to the pretreatment period. CONCLUSION: Omeprazole paste effectively increases intragastric pH in clinically ill neonatal foals after one dose at 4 mg/kg bwt orally.     

A novel herpesvirus associated with chronic superficial keratitis and proliferative conjunctivitis in a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus)

An adult great‐horned owl (Bubo virginianus; GHOW) presented with a history of recurrent corneal ulceration of the right eye (OD). Findings included ulcerative superficial keratitis, proliferative conjunctivitis, and iris pigmentary changes. The ulcer was initially nonresponsive to medical therapy, but showed rapid and appropriate healing following diamond burr debridement. Proliferative conjunctivitis markedly improved following topical antiviral therapy with cidofovir 1%, interferon alpha 2B ophthalmic solutions, and oral l ‐lysine. Histopathologic evaluation of a conjunctival biopsy revealed epithelial features suspicious for viral cytopathic changes and intranuclear structures suspicious for viral inclusions, suggestive of a possible viral‐induced papillomatous conjunctivitis. A novel alphaherpesvirus, referred to as Strigid Herpesvirus 1 (StrHV1), was identified using PCR and gene sequencing. This case represents a new clinical manifestation of a previously unreported herpesvirus in the GHOW. Identification of the herpes virus was critical to administration of appropriate therapy and resolution of the conjunctivitis, and corneal epithelial debridement promoted resolution of the chronic corneal epithelial defect.     

糖尿病大鼠皮肤溃疡阴证模型

糖尿病足溃疡在糖尿病并发症中较为常见且具有高的致死率,引起国内外专家关注。随着研究的深入,中西医在临床中发现一类症状相似糖尿病足溃疡久治难愈,符合中医学的阴证疮面,故称糖尿病足溃疡阴证。要想对糖尿病足溃疡阴证的发病机制,病理特点和干预治疗等多方面有深入的了解,动物模型的建立为其提供可靠有效的途径。论文概括了前人对于糖尿病大鼠皮肤溃疡模型的进展,同时总结其阴证模型的优缺点和自己的经验与认识,以期对临床具有指导意义的糖尿病大鼠皮肤溃疡阴证模型。     

Courses for horses: Rethinking the use of proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome

Oral omeprazole has been the cornerstone of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) treatment for nearly 20 years. However, approximately 15–30% of equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) cases and 75% of equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) cases fail to heal within current treatment guidelines. Recently, a number of factors that may affect the efficacy of oral omeprazole have been highlighted and the pharmacodynamics of a number of novel proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been described in the horse. The purpose of this article is to review the factors that affect oral omeprazole efficacy, with the goal of maximising therapeutic response, and the novel PPIs recently described.     

中草药对刺参腐皮综合征病原菌的体外抑菌试验

用改良二倍稀释法和抑菌圈法测定了24种单方中草药和9种复方中草药对刺参腐皮综合征4种重要病原菌灿烂弧菌、假交替单胞菌、哈维氏弧菌和恶臭假单胞菌的体外抑菌活性。结果显示,不同中草药对特定病原菌抑菌效果差异较大,单方中草药最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为1.56mg/ml,中草药水煎剂H-5和H-9对假交替单胞菌的抑菌圈最大,达22mm。单方中草药中穿心莲、大青叶、金银花和川芎4种中草药对4株病原菌抑菌效果最好,其水煎剂对4株病原菌平均抑菌浓度分别为6.25、7.81、5.86和3.52mg/ml;平均抑菌圈直径分别是17.5、11.3、14.0和11.5mm。将筛选的4种单方中草药组成9种复方,复方MIC和抑菌圈均显著好于单方,最低MIC降低到0.20mg/ml。其中复方HC-G和HC-D抑菌浓度最低,效果最好,平均抑菌浓度分别降低为0.54和0.64mg/ml;平均抑菌圈直径分别为15.3mm和16.3mm。试验结果显示,复方最佳配比为穿心莲、大青叶、金银花和川芎=2∶1∶3∶2。该复方可为生产高效专用中草药,以替代抗生素,为刺参健康养殖提供技术保障。     

糖尿病足溃疡高危体质的临床特征及对伤口愈合影响的研究

目的 研究中医体质类型与糖尿病足溃疡（diabetic foot ulcers,DFU）的相关性,为糖尿病足溃疡的防治提供新思路。方法 随机收集住院2型糖尿病足溃疡患者73例,采用标准化的中医体质量表判定患者体质类型,并进行身高、体质量、血糖、血脂等指标的测量和观察记录伤口愈合速率、愈合时间、预后结局等情况。分析中医体质对2型糖尿病足溃疡伤口愈合的影响。结果 DFU患者以痰湿质、血瘀质和湿热质为多。其中血瘀质相对其他两种体质足溃疡程度较重,湿热质感染程度较重。湿热质的年龄最低,血瘀质相对年龄偏大。痰湿质的身体质量指数（BMI）最大,糖尿病病程最短（P<0.05）。血瘀质伤口愈合速率和时间较慢（P<0.05）。结论 痰湿质、血瘀质和湿热质是2型糖尿病足溃疡的高危体质,不同DFU患者临床特征不同,血瘀质的伤口愈合较慢,提示不同体质下DFU的预防及治疗应有侧重。     

Sole ulcers in Finnish dairy cattle

The Finnish Healthy Hooves project was set up to determine the frequency of, and risk factors for various hoof lesions in Finnish dairy herds. Data were collected in the years 2003 and 2004. A large dataset of over 74,000 cow-level observations recorded by hoof trimmers was merged with production data from the Finnish Agricultural Data Processing Centre Ltd. Ultimately, data from a single lactation from each of 16,792 cows in 703 herds were used for the analyses in this paper. Three-level hierarchical logistic models with hoof trimmer and farms (within hoof trimmer) as random effects were fit to data sets of tie stall (TS) and loose housing (LH) herds separately. The outcome of interest was the presence or absence of a sole ulcer in one or more legs of a cow during the lactation of interest.Cows examined once had a risk of sole ulcer 5.23% in tie stall herds and 7.58% in LH herds. As the number of examinations increased the odds of a diagnosis of sole ulcer increased substantially (2 and 3+ examinations had odds ratios (ORs) of 1.42 and 3.42 in TS herds and 2.77 and 6.89 in LH herds). Breed had a large effect on the risk of sole ulcer with Holsteins 2.89 times more likely to be affected than Ayrshires in TS herds and 2.94 times in LH herds. In TS herds, the presence of other hoof lesions such as haemorrhages (OR = 2.97), heel-horn erosions (OR = 2.10) and corkscrew claw (OR = 2.83) increased the risk of a sole ulcer developing. In LH herds, only haemorrhages (OR = 1.80) were a significant risk factor when parity was ≥2. In TS herds, use of mats (compared to hard flooring) significantly reduced the risk of sole ulcers (OR = 0.49). The effect of parity on the risk of sole ulcer was greatest when parity ≥4 but this effect was only significant in tie stalls (OR = 1.86).When analyses were restricted to cows with parity ≥2, similar results were obtained for the risk factors identified above. In addition, parity became highly significant in TS and LH (OR 2.31 and 2.23, respectively when parity was 4+). In TS herds, herd average milk production was significantly associated with a decrease risk of sole ulcer (OR = 1.28 per 1000 kg decrease) but there was no effect of production at the cow level (measured as deviation from the herd mean). No significant effects of production were observed in LH herds.     

丁鱼岁“腐皮病”病原菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

为了确定丁鱼岁腐皮病的病原菌,为该病的诊断和防治提供科学依据。采用细菌常规分离方法,从丁鱼岁体表病灶部位、内脏及血液分离出优势菌株GXZ01,对其进行了生理生化特性、人工感染试验及药敏试验研究。结果表明：（1）菌株GXZ01是温和气单胞菌。（2）该菌呈短杆状,长度约为0.7~1.1 μm,属革兰氏阴性菌;（3）该菌对氧哌嗪青霉素、氟哌酸、菌必治等8种抗生素敏感,对丙氟哌酸、氨苄青霉素等4种药物中度敏感,对青霉素和乙酰螺旋霉素不敏感。表明温和气单胞菌是致病菌,可以导致丁鱼岁腐皮病的发生,这尚属首次报道,将对该鱼的病害防治和健康养殖有着重要的指导意义。