Use of a dermal biopsy punch for removal of ectopic cilia in dogs: 19 cases

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of a dermal biopsy punch for accurate and quick removal of ectopic cilia in dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED: This study reports the treatment of ectopic cilia detected in 12 dogs during the period from June 2002 to December 2004. Five cases were affected with ectopic cilia in the right eye, and five in the left eye, with two cases affected bilaterally. Nineteen ectopic cilia were detected in 12 dogs. PROCEDURE: The technique described in this study consists of using a 2-3-mm skin biopsy punch with the aid of an operating microscope. RESULTS: No recurrence was noted in any of the cases. The presurgical blepharospasm due to the presence of the cilia resolved as well as uneventful corneal healing of any associated corneal erosions or ulcers. CONCLUSIONS: This method offers a simple, practical alternative to the traditional scalpel procedure as described in the veterinary ophthalmic literature.     

Prevalence and treatment of gastric ulcers in Thoroughbred racehorses of Korea

BackgroundGastric ulcer is one of the prevalent diseases in racehorses. However, it has not been recognized as important in Korea, and drugs used to treat gastric ulcers are included in the doping test list, so they are not allowed to be administered to racehorses in training.ObjectivesThis study was performed 1) to investigate the prevalence and the severity of gastric ulcers in Thoroughbred racehorses in Korea, 2) to confirm the therapeutic effect of ranitidine and omeprazole, and 3) to compare the efficacy between ranitidine and omeprazole.MethodsForty-nine horses were randomly recruited, and gastroscopy was performed within two days after racing. Twelve horses with a sum grade of five or higher were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Seven horses were administered ranitidine, and five horses were administered omeprazole. Follow-up gastroscopy was scheduled within one to five days after finishing the treatment.ResultsThe prevalence of gastric ulcer in Korean Thoroughbred racehorses after racing was 100%, and the grade was more severe in the non-glandular region than in the pyloric region. There was no correlation between the severity of gastric ulcer in the two regions. Omeprazole had a greater therapeutic effect than ranitidine.ConclusionsThis study shows the importance of recognizing gastric ulcers as an important factor, and omeprazole as a possible treatment option in Korea, as it has been removed from the list of prohibited substances for racehorses. Thus, the use of omeprazole is currently recommended until one day before the race.     

中华绒螯蟹甲壳溃疡及重金属离子偏高综合症的初步研究

1996年1月初连云港某养蟹场的中华绒螯蟹的抱卵蟹在升温到17℃以上后不断死亡。症状为步足脱落，鳌足上的毛脱落，甲壳上有褐斑。经查明是由于海水中的重金属离子含量较高（Cu2＋0．02mg／L，Zn2＋0．012mg／L），以及弧菌感染引起甲壳溃疡病。经鉴定，弧菌能在不含盐的培养基中生长，其余的生理生化特性均与副溶血弧菌相同。防治措施为在蓄水池中全池遍洒5×10－6EDTA钠盐，在蟹池内全池遍洒土霉素3．5×10－6，隔天泼1次，连泼3次，同时投喂鱼泰8号药饲5天。治疗效果良好，治愈率达93％。愈后的抱卵蟹孵化幼体正常。     

点带石斑鱼溃烂病病原菌的分离与鉴定

溃烂病是我国北方海水工厂化养殖点带石斑鱼的主要病害之一。作者连续3a对天津地区的养殖点带石斑鱼溃烂病进行了流行病学调查,并从患病鱼病灶分离到7株致病菌,采用生理生化和分子生物学相结合的方法对7株致病菌进行了鉴定,结果表明,1株为杀鲑气单胞菌,5株为哈维氏弧菌,1株为河流弧菌。在连续3a的调查中,每年都分离到哈维氏弧菌,表明哈维氏弧菌是天津地区海水工厂化养殖点带石斑鱼溃烂病的主要条件致病菌,而杀鲑气单胞菌和河流弧菌是次要条件致病菌。研究结果将为控制石斑鱼溃烂病在海水工厂化养殖中的爆发和流行奠定基础。     

半滑舌鳎皮肤溃疡病病原研究

为了对半滑舌鳎皮肤溃疡病的病原进行研究, 从患有严重皮肤溃疡病的半滑舌鳎病灶中分离病原菌, 并经人工感染确认病原。对引起此次疾病的病原菌的形态特征、理化特性、胞外产物酶活性与溶血活性及其对抗菌类药物的敏感性等生物学特性进行了研究和分析, 还测定了16 S rRNA、gyrB基因序列, 分析了相应序列的同源性并构建了系统发育树。结果从病灶中分离得到4株优势菌, 经人工注射感染证实菌株A3为引起养殖半滑舌鳎皮肤溃疡病的病原菌, 其半数致死量LD50为1.5×104.2 CFU/mL。其中, 16 S rRNA、gyrB在GenBank中的登录号分别是JN391271、JN168881。从基于16 S rRNA与gyrB基因序列构建的系统发育树看, 分离筛选出来的病原菌与哈维氏弧菌同源性最高, 结合生理生化特征和16 S rRNA、gyrB基因序列分析结果, 认为该病原菌为哈维氏弧菌。胞外产物酶活性及溶血活性检测结果表明,该病原菌具有淀粉酶、尿素酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶和卵磷脂酶活性而不具有明胶酶活性, 在4%羊血TSA平板上呈β溶血活性。病原菌的药物敏感性试验结果显示, 该菌对四环素、强力霉素、诺氟沙星、磺胺异恶唑等敏感, 而对其他用于试验的抗生素敏感度低或具有一定的抗性。     

养殖大黄鱼溃疡病的病原菌及其防治药物研究

从症状典型的网箱养殖患病大黄鱼体内分离到1株细菌824-1,经人工感染试验证实为是引起该病的病原菌。经鉴定,菌株824-1为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)。利用杯碟法研究了其胞外产物的性质,结果表明:其胞外产物具有淀粉酶、明胶酶、酪蛋白酶、卵磷脂酶、脂酶和几丁质酶活性以及溶血活性,其中以淀粉酶、明胶酶和酪蛋白酶的活性最强,但没有脲酶活性。研究了20种化学药物和15种中草药对病原菌的抑菌作用,结果表明:复方新诺明、磺胺 TMP和庆大霉素等3种化学药物和石榴皮、地榆、五味子、大黄等4种中草药的抑菌能力最强,可作为防治该病的有效药物。     

大西洋鲑杀鲑气单胞菌的分离鉴定

从皮肤溃烂的大西洋鲑(Salmon salar)肌肉、肝、肾分离到一致病性的菌株(AB080226),经人工感染实验证实其为该病的病原菌,研究了该菌的形态、生理生化特征并对其16SrDNA序列进行了在线Classifer和Blast分析。结果显示:该菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,葡萄糖氧化发酵阳性,氧化酶检测阳性,0%NaCl生长;能利用甘露醇,不具运动性,能发酵麦芽糖,葡萄糖产酸阳性,精氨酸双水解酶阳性,苯丙氨酸脱氨酶阴性;该菌属于气单胞菌属的细菌,在系统发育树上与杀鲑气单胞菌形成一个簇群,同源性高达99.9%以上。综合形态学、生理生化特征及16SrDNA序列鉴定其为杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida)。     

半滑舌鳎溃疡病病原菌的分离、鉴定及其致病性分析

采用2216E和TCBS培养基分别从患溃疡病半滑舌鳎的肠道和体表病灶分离获得菌株40株,经血平板检验分离菌株的溶血活性,体外筛选并鉴定出3株潜在致病性菌株,即哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌以及副溶血性弧菌。通过将3株潜在致病菌与健康半滑舌鳎的肠道上皮细胞共培养,检测病原菌刺激后半滑舌鳎肠道上皮细胞相关免疫基因的相对表达量及共培养后肠道上皮细胞的凋亡率,对病原菌的致病性进行细胞水平的筛选。结果显示,经哈维氏弧菌刺激后肠道上皮细胞白介素10基因(IL-10)表达量极显著上调,说明哈维氏弧菌引起的共培养上皮细胞免疫反应最为剧烈,且哈维氏弧菌与肠道上皮细胞共培养后导致细胞的凋亡率高达48.3%,其次为溶藻弧菌(36%)和副溶血性弧菌(34.5%),推测哈维氏弧菌为半滑舌鳎溃疡病高致病性弧菌。通过对半滑舌鳎进行浸浴回感实验,结果发现,哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌和副溶血性弧菌人工回感后第6天半滑舌鳎的累计死亡率分别为100%、95%和75%,与细胞水平检测结果相吻合。实验表明,所筛选到的3株弧菌均具有较强的毒性和致病性,尤其以哈维氏弧菌致病性最强,并由此推测半滑舌鳎溃疡病可能由多种致病菌共同感染所致。     

网箱养殖青石斑鱼的溃疡病病原

2002年夏季厦门同安湾一带气候炎热,降雨量少,海水盐度偏高,同安湾刘五店的网箱养殖石斑鱼大面积暴发溃疡病.本研究调查了石斑鱼溃疡病暴发的特征和症状,主要表现为肌肉溃疡坏死、眼球脱落、鱼骨暴露等.从病鱼体表及内脏分离出优势菌群命名为TS-628,经回归感染证实TS-628就是引发本次石斑鱼溃疡病的病原菌.对病原菌进行鉴定发现,该菌革兰氏染色呈阴性,电镜下观察菌体呈短杆状,极端单鞭毛,综合研究该菌在形态、生理生化、16S rDNA同源性及药物敏感性等方面的特性,基本确认分离到的病原菌为哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi),该菌对氯霉素、壮观霉素等多种抗生素敏感,对万古霉素、青霉素G等抗生素不敏感.哈维氏弧菌是水产养殖病害常见病原菌,但作为养殖石斑鱼的病原菌在国内属首次报道.     

The Effect of Exercise on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in the Thoroughbred and Standardbred Athlete

Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses in race training were selected at random and examined for gastric ulcers. The mucosa of the stomach was examined by endoscopy and was scored for ulcers on a scale of 0 (no ulcers, normal mucosa) to 3 (severe ulceration with at least five deep lesions). A total of 79 horses were examined; 37 of these horses had one to four follow-up examinations, and 42 horses had only an initial gastroscopic examination. On the first examination, 33 of 79 (42%) horses had normal mucosa (ulcer score = 0), and 22 of 79 (28%) had ulcers with an ulcer score of 2 or greater. Seven horses (9%) had severe gastric ulceration (ulcer score = 3). The average ulcer score for all 79 horses on initial examination was 1.1 and 1.2 for the 37 horses with follow-up gastroscopic examination. Males (including male castrates) had slightly higher ulcer scores (1.2) than females (1.0), and 2-year-old horses had lower ulcer scores (0.7) than horses older than 3 years (1.4), but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Each of these average scores was significantly (P < .05) greater than zero. For the 37 horses with follow-up examinations, the males had higher scores (1.6) than females (0.7), and 2-year-old horses had higher ulcer scores (1.0) than 3-year-old horses (0.7) and lower ulcer scores than horses older than 3 (1.8), which were statistically significant. Follow-up examinations revealed ulcer scores ranging from 0 to 3; 23 of 37 (63%) horses had an ulcer score of 2 or greater, and 4 of 37 (12%) horses had severe ulcer disease. Average ulcer scores were significantly higher at subsequent examinations than at the initial examination. Risk of gastric ulceration increases with the length of time horses are in race training.