Detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid from horses with infectious synovitis

Standard culturing techniques are often unrewarding in confirming diagnosis of synovial infection in the equine patient. Several human studies report the use of sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for the detection of bacterial involvement in acute synovitis. However, successful extraction of bacterial DNA directly from clinical samples from horses without prior culture has not been reported yet. The goal of this study was to develop a sensitive and reliable method for molecular detection and identification of bacterial species in synovial fluid from horses with infectious synovitis. Synovial fluid samples from 6 horses with culture confirmed synovial infection were used for broad range 16S rRNA gene PCR. Synovial aspirates of 2 healthy horses were used as negative controls. Following extraction and purification of synovial fluid DNA, all samples were processed by touchdown PCR. Amplicons were detected by reverse line blot hybridisation and visualised with chemiluminescence. Pathogen-specific detection of 16S rRNA gene sequences was successful in all 6 synovial fluid samples. No bacterial DNA was detected in the aspirates from the negative control horses using touchdown PCR followed by 25 additional cycles of amplification. The identity of the pathogens was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the amplicons. It can be concluded that broad range 16S rRNA gene PCR followed by reverse line blot hybridisation is a promising technique for detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid samples. Further research should aim at the detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid samples suspected of infection but having negative culture results. When the 16S PCR proves to be reliable and more sensitive than standard culturing techniques, it may become a powerful tool in the diagnosis of synovial infection.     

生物修复菌剂的分类·应用及研究进展

由于人类的生产与社会活动,使得我们生存的自然环境遭到了前所未有的破坏。鉴于采用物理或化学方法修复环境,除去有害物质,易造成二次污染,寻找高效的生物修复方法成为了全世界的共同课题。微生物作为生态链中的分解者,由于其具有易繁殖、适应性强、代谢快等特性,是作为生物修复的极佳材料。对生物修复菌剂的分类、生产、应用及研究进展进行了综述。     

Development of transparent bacterial cellulose nanocomposite film as substrate for flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) display

Nanocomposite film composed of bacterial cellulose (10-50 wt.%) and poly-urethane (PU) based resin was fabricated and utilized as a substrate for flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) display. The performance of the nanocomposite satisfied the criteria for the substrate of OLED with an additional feature of flexibility. The visible light transmittance of the nanocomposite film was as high as 80%. Its thermal stability was stable up to 150 °C while its dimensional stability in terms of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was less than 20 ppm/K. After OLED was fabricated on the substrate through thermal evaporation technique, the OLED performed highest current efficiency of 0.085 cd/A and power efficiency of 0.021 lm/W at 200 cd/m² while retained its flexible feature, suggesting that bacterial cellulose nanocomposite is a promising material for the development of substrate for flexible OLED display.     

细菌发酵液对小白菜种子萌发的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度的细菌发酵液对小白菜种子发芽及其成苗的影响。[方法]用5株细菌发酵液对小白菜种子进行浸种和发芽试验,并测定各项指标。[结果]细菌发酵液对小白菜种子发芽率、发芽指数起抑制作用,原液抑制作用最强。发酵液对小白菜种子芽长、幼苗鲜重皆表现为抑制作用,1000倍稀释液表现为明显的促进作用。细菌发酵液对幼苗干重、活力指数起促进作用,原液的促进作用最强。[结论]适宜浓度的细菌发酵产物能明显提高小白菜种子的活力,促进小白菜的生长。     

生防菌R-4的鉴定及其对玉米南方锈病的防效

对分离自玉米植株的内生细菌R-4进行鉴定,测试其对玉米南方锈病(SCR)的防病增产效果。用盆栽方法测定菌株R-4对玉米植株的促生效果,根据16S r DNA序列对菌株R-4进行鉴定,采用自然发病方式测试其对SCR的防病增产效果。结果表明,菌株R-4处理玉米的发芽率、播种后18 d株高、播种后28 d株高、植株地上部干重及根干重比对照分别增加17.19%、32.03%、41.80%、92.53%和37.03%。通过16S r DNA序列分析,将菌株R-4鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。菌株R-4在先玉335、银糯1号、浚单20上对SCR的防效达39.2%~92.1%(平均为65.7%),经该菌处理后玉米增产2.58%~9.02%(平均为6.66%)。     

Improving Potato Production in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia: A System Diagnosis

Increased productivity of potatoes can improve the livelihood of smallholder potato farmers in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia and is required to meet the growing demand. This paper investigates the opportunities for potato system improvement that could result in improved productivity. Through a diagnosis of the potato systems in the three countries on the basis of surveys and stakeholder workshops, seed potato quality management, bacterial wilt control, late blight control and soil fertility management were identified as key technical intervention topics. For effective problem solving in these areas, the functioning of the potato innovation system requires improvement to better deliver the functions of potato marketing as well as knowledge development and information exchange. With use of a ‘system failure framework’ the shortcomings of the potato innovation system are identified and discussed and options for improvement are suggested.     

抗青枯病花生资源的种子大小 及主要品质性状的遗传分化

以123份不同类型的抗青枯病花生种质为材料,对荚果大小、种子大小、出仁率、蛋白质、含油量和脂肪 酸等性状遗传分化进行了研究。研究结果表明,在我国抗青枯病花生资源中,高油酸种质资源较多,这些资源的荚 果及种仁大小,油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、花生烯酸、山嵛酸含量性状均存在丰富的遗传变异;但是,高 含油量资源较少,而且在含油量、蛋白质含量和出仁率方面的遗传多样性不丰富。根据12个与种子品质相关性状 信息, 123份抗青枯病资源被分成2组5亚组13个品种群,这些品种(群)与已被广为利用的骨干抗病亲本协抗青 和台山三粒肉之间存在很大的遗传分化。     

细菌群体趋药性算法在农产品配送车辆调度中的应用

描述了农产品配送车辆调度中存在的问题,建立了带有时间窗口约束的多目标农产品配送车辆调度模型,提出基于细菌群体趋药性算法的求解方法,仿真结果表明,基于细菌体趋药性算法的结果优于遗传算法,为农产品配送车辆调度问题的解决提供了新思路。     

几个水稻品种的白叶枯病抗性鉴定

采用4个白叶枯病致病菌系KS-6-6、浙173、JS49-6和PX079,利用人工剪叶接种方法,鉴定了圣稻13、圣稻14、T022、C418、武21621等18个水稻品种的白叶枯病抗性。结果表明,武21621对4个菌系表现高抗甚至免疫,徐稻3号、武优34表现中抗或抗病,圣稻13和圣稻14对浙173表现中感,而对其余3个菌系表现出中抗或高抗,大粮203对4个菌系表现中感,C418对3个菌系表现高感,对PX079表现中感,其余品种对4个菌系表现出不同的抗性。4个白叶枯病致病菌系的致病力存在差异。武21621表现高抗白叶枯病,可以用于抗白叶枯病育种。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌L-S60生物学特性及其固态发酵工艺研究

以优良植物生防菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌L-S60为研究对象,通过单因素试验研究酸碱、盐浓度、温度对该菌株生长的影响;检测解淀粉芽孢杆菌L-S60的产酶和抑菌特性;并研究优化解淀粉芽孢杆菌L-S60的固态发酵工艺。结果表明:解淀粉芽孢杆菌L-S60具有较宽的酸碱耐受性,盐的质量分数10%时菌落数会显著下降,80℃以下菌落数无明显变化。解淀粉芽孢杆菌L-S60能产生蛋白酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶,且对多种病原真菌有抑制作用。L-S60的最佳固体发酵条件为:温度35℃、接种量30%、料水质量比1∶0.45、装瓶量40%和发酵时间42h;最佳固体培养基组成为,m(花生饼粉)∶m(麦麸)∶m(棉粕)=53∶35∶12,外源物质蛋白胨、葡萄糖和MgSO4·7H2O添加量分别为3.00、2.00和0.20g/kg,此时,解淀粉芽孢杆菌L-S60菌落数达到2.42×1010 CFU/g。解淀粉芽孢杆菌L-S60具有很好的开发利用价值。