一株分离自铀矿土壤的苏云金芽孢杆菌的鉴定

从新疆某铀矿厂土样中分离出1株芽孢杆菌,初步确定为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt),命名为BRC-ZYR3.该菌株含有3种cry1类基因(cry1Ba、cry1Bb、cry1Be/1Bf)和2种cry9类基因(cry9Ca和cry9Da).Bt BRC-ZYR3可产生5种杀虫晶体蛋白,分别为130、70、50、30和25 ku.此外,该菌株能耐受25 mg·L-1Cr(VI),并在72 h内将其还原至3.8 mg·L-1.     

Amphidinolide C2, New Macrolide from Marine Dinoflagellate Amphidinium Species

A new cytotoxic 25-membered macrolide, amphidinolide C2 (1), has been isolated from marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp. (Y-71 strain), and the structure 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical means.     

用于生物防治水稻纹拮病的抗细菌的筛选

 分别从健康的水稻植株、感染纹枯病植株、根际土壤、秧田水和菌核上分离出能拮抗水稻纹枯病的假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas spp.)和芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus spp.)的细菌菌株，大多数菌株在室内试验中对菌丝生长有抑制作用，有的菌株在温室试验中起抑制病害和对植株有保护作用， 有的(1／49) 具有促进秧苗生长的作用。纹枯病的病斑相对长度与病害发生率密切相关(r²=0.33，P=0.01)， 与抑菌圈大小(r²=0.3)和离体叶片病斑大小(r²=0.12) 无相关，植株干重与病斑相对长度和发病率均无显著相关(r²=0或0.1)。     

Extracellular Antimicrobial Substances Produced by Bacillus subtilis JN005 and Its Control Efficacy on Rice Leaf Blast

【Objective】The purpose of this research is to assay stability, biological activity and efficacy of the extracellular antimicrobial substances produced by Bacillus subtilis JN005 against Magnaporthe oryzae. 【Method】The antimicrobial substances produced by B. subtilis JN005 was tested using different media. The activity of extracellular antimicrobial substances of JN005 strain against M. oryzae and its efficacy on rice leaf blast were measured by dural culture, optical microscope observation, indoor detached-leaf inoculation and live inoculation.【Result】B. subtilis JN005 secreted protease, cellulase, amylase and β-1,3-glucanase and its extracellular antimicrobial substances showed inhibition activity against M. oryzae. The extracellular antimicrobial substances were stable in a wide range of pH values from 2 to 12 and at temperatures from 0℃ to 100℃. The antifungal activity was retained after treatment with proteinase K. The extracellular antimicrobial substance kept its activity even it was irradiated for 12 h under ultraviolet light or exposed to 4℃ for 3 months. The extracellular antimicrobial substances caused distortion of hyphae of M. oryzae, and hindered the germination of conidia. Indoor detached leaves inoculation of Xiangwanxian 12 showed that disease incidence was 34.07% as rice leaves were treated with 100-fold dilution of the extracellular antimicrobial substances, followed by inoculation with conidia suspension of M. oryzae (after 24 h). The control efficacy was close to that of 500 times-diluted 40% isoprothiolane EC. The disease incidence was 38.52% as rice leaves were inoculated with conidia suspension of M. oryzae and treated with 100-fold dilution of the extracellular antimicrobial substances after 24 h, significantly different from 1500 times-diluted 75% tricyclazole WP and 500 times-diluted 40% isoprothiolane EC. The potted plant experiment showed that efficacy was 75.32% as rice was inoculated with conidia suspension of M. oryzae followed by spraying 100-fold dilution of the extracellular antimicrobial substances before 24 h. The efficacy was 71.49% as rice was inoculated with conidia suspension of M. oryzae and followed by spraying of 100-fold dilution of the extracellular antimicrobial substances after 24 h.【Conclusion】The extracellular antimicrobial substances produced by JN005 strain directly inhibited mycelial growth and conidia germination of M. oryzae and it has good environmental stability. The extracellular antimicrobial substances have better preventative efficacy and therapeutic efficacy on rice blast and should be further investigated and developed as such.     

枯草芽胞杆菌Tu-100对几种作物的促生效果

盆栽试验结果表明,枯草芽胞杆菌Tu-100对油菜、小麦、辣椒、西瓜、大豆和玉米苗期有不同的促生效果,在植物干重上分别比对照增加9.47%、1.37%、2.27%、19.23%、9.21%和6.67%.对水稻的盆栽产量增加12.82%.对大豆的结瘤数和鲜瘤重呈现负增长.植物促生根际细菌对不同的作物保持着不同的亲和性.     

Toward the synthesis and biological screening of a cyclotetrapeptide from marine bacteria

The first synthesis of a naturally occurring tetrapeptide cyclo-(isoleucyl-prolyl-leucyl-alanyl) has been achieved using a solution-phase technique via coupling of dipeptide segments Boc-L-Pro-L-Leu-OH and L-Ala-L-Ile-OMe. Deprotection of the linear tetrapeptide unit and its subsequent cyclization gave a cyclopeptide, identical in all aspects to the naturally occurring compound. Bioactivity results indicated the antifungal and antihelmintic potential of the synthesized peptide against pathogenic dermatophytes and earthworms.     

用于生物防治水稻纹枯病的拮抗细菌的筛选

分别从健康的水稻植株、感染纹枯病植株、根际土壤、秧田水和菌核上分离出能拮抗水稻纹枯病的假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas spp.)和芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus spp.)的细菌菌株。大多数菌株在室内试验中对菌丝生长有抑制作用,有的菌株在温室试验中起抑制病害和对植株有保护作用,有的(1/49)具有促进秧苗生长的作用。纹枯病的病斑相对长度与病害发生率密切相关(r~2=0.33,P=0.01),与抑菌圈大小(r~2=0.03)和离体叶片病斑大小(r~2=0.12)无相关,植株干重与病斑相对长度和发病率均无显著相关(r~2=0和0.01)。     

三种茶叶的抑菌作用研究

为了探究不同种类茶叶的抑菌效果及指导日常饮茶。以苏云金芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌作为指示菌,采用滤纸片抑菌圈法测定3种茶叶对其的抑菌效果。结果表明,茶叶粗体液的抗菌效果与茶叶浓度呈正相关;3种茶叶的抑菌效果依次为茉莉花茶>铁观音>红茶(滇红);铁观音、茉莉花茶在提取时间为20 min时获得最大提取率,滇红在提取时间为50 min时,抑菌圈直径最大;铁观音分别再80℃和90℃有最大的抑菌效果,而茉莉花茶和滇红的抑菌效果都随提取温度的增加而增加。茶叶粗提物对革兰氏阳性细菌的抑制效果大于革兰氏阴性细菌;铁观音在提取质量浓度为5 mg/m L,提取时间20 min,提取温度80℃时有较好的抑菌效果。     

香蕉枯萎病菌myosin-1基因的功能分析及外施dsRNA介导的抗性评估

 香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense,Foc)引起的香蕉毁灭性土传病害,其中 4号生理小种(Foc4)能感染几乎所有的香蕉品系,危害最严重。SMART在线软件分析myosin-1基因具有肌球蛋白马达蛋白(myosin motor domain, MMD),肌动蛋白尾结构TH1(myosin tail)和 Src家族同源结构域SH3(src homology domain 3),与禾谷镰刀菌中氰烯菌酯靶标基因myosin-5具高度的蛋白同源性,相似性高达83%。利用Split-marker基因重组技术获得Foc4的myosin-1基因敲除突变体,Δmyosin-1突变株丧失了对氰烯菌酯的敏感性,菌丝生长缓慢,产孢量减少且孢子畸形,对香蕉致病力严重下降,证实myosin-1是氰烯菌酯在Foc4中的作用靶标基因。外施靶向myosin-1体外转录的dsRNA,能抑制菌丝的生长,降低菌丝活性;菌丝膨胀扭曲分枝增多,出现典型的球状结构,与氰烯菌酯处理后的表型一致。在盆栽活体人工接种实验中,体外施用dsRNA可以明显抑制枯萎病外部症状的发展,推迟发病时间,赋予寄主抗性,结果说明体外施用dsRNA可以作为新型杀菌剂防治香蕉枯萎病。综上,myosin-1基因作为氰烯菌酯在Foc4中的靶标基因具有高度的序列保守,在调控菌丝生长发育,产孢以及致病力等方面发挥重要作用,而外施dsRNA具有防治香蕉枯萎菌的巨大潜力。     

2019年-2020年甘肃省小麦条锈菌生理小种变异监测

2019年-2020年, 对甘肃省不同生态区于小麦不同生育期采集的661份条锈菌标样, 在甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所兰州温室进行条锈菌生理小种变异监测, 结果表明:两年共监测到52个生理小种及致病类型, 其中贵农22仍为优势致病类群, 居第一位, 2019年和2020年出现频率分别为36.7%和 49.5%, 低于2018年的50.3%; 其次是HY和水源致病类群, 出现频率分别为25.3%?25.5%和10.2%和15.5%; 中四致病类群出现频率分别为22.8%和7.6%, 2020年居第五位, 低于2018年的13.9%?流行小种条中34号出现频率分别为23.4%和22.5%, 居第一位; 条中32号出现频率分别为19.6%和17.9%, 居第二位; 条中33号?贵22-14出现频率分别为4.4%?4.0%和2.5%?6.0%; 新类型ZS-1出现频率分别为7.0%和0.6%?次要致病类型如HY8?HY29?HY103?水11-192及贵22-13?贵22-108?贵22-244和贵22-271等出现频率在1.0%~1.9%之间, 其他致病类型均在0.6%以下?毒性分析发现, VYr9?VYr3b+Yr4b?VYrsu?VYr26为甘肃省条锈菌主要毒性致病基因, 毒性频率在50.6%~93.7%之间?甘肃小麦条锈菌群体结构仍处于以条中34号为主的贵农22致病类群占优势阶段?对感染中四的新致病菌系ZS进行持续监测是今后一段时期甘肃省小麦条锈菌变异研究的重点?小麦抗条锈育种应以兼抗条中34号?条中32号为主, 兼顾贵农22其他类型及中四新菌系?