枯草芽孢杆菌对百合枯萎病的防治效果

采用菌丝生长速率法及孢子萌发法,研究枯草芽孢杆菌对百合枯萎病菌的抑杀效应。枯草芽孢杆菌无菌滤液在一定体积分数范围内能有效抑制枯萎病菌菌丝生长,减少孢子萌发,且随着无菌滤液体积分数的增加,孢子萌发抑制率也增大。体积分数为20%的枯草芽孢杆菌无菌滤液,处理后7d抑制率可达78.8%。体积分数为60%时,可完全抑制孢子萌发。盆栽防治试验表明,枯草芽孢杆菌菌液对百合枯萎病的发病抑制率达65.3%。且该菌液对百合的生长有一定的促生功效,说明枯草芽孢杆菌对百合枯萎病有抑菌和防病作用,且抑菌作用随枯草芽孢杆菌菌液体积分数的增加而增强。     

地衣芽孢杆菌对热应激公兔甲状腺和甲状旁腺组织的影响

将成年塞北兔公兔随机分成3组:常温组、热应激组(基础日粮)和地衣芽孢杆菌组(基础日粮+1 000 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌),常温组温度为20?25℃,其他2个组人工模拟夏季温度.在试验期间测定血浆皮质醇含量.试验结束后测定甲状腺质量,计算甲状腺指数;观察光镜下甲状腺组织、透射电镜下甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞和甲状旁腺嗜酸性细胞...     

枯草芽孢杆菌B1对饲喂高脂饲粮小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌B1对饲喂高脂饲粮小鼠抗氧化功能的影响。将45只体重相近[(35±1)g]的普通ICR小鼠随机分为对照组(基础饲粮)、高脂组(高脂饲粮)、试验组[添加质量分数为0.1%枯草芽孢杆菌B1的高脂饲粮],每组3个重复,每个重复5只,饲养30 d。观察枯草芽孢杆菌B1对高脂饲粮小鼠肠黏膜、肝脏和血清的抗氧化能力、氧化应激状态的影响。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,高脂组小鼠的肠黏膜总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著减少了28.34%(P<0.01),肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和硫氧还蛋白还原酶活性分别显著降低了22.91%(P<0.05)、37.35%(P<0.01)、47.47%(P<0.01)和36.42%(P<0.05);血清还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、GSH-Px和抗超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)活性分别显著下降了30.73%(P<0.01)、47.26%(P<0.01)和8.02%(P<0.01);肝脏8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OhdG)含量显著增加了67.87%(P<0.01)。2)与高脂组相比,试验组小鼠的肠黏膜T-AOC显著增加了32.44%(P<0.05),肝脏GSH含量和CAT活性分别显著上升了38.27%(P<0.05)和53.01%(P<0.05);血清T-AOC、GSH含量、GSH-Px和抗O2-.活性分别显著提高了10.72%(P<0.05)、38.01%(P<0.05)、51.98%(P<0.01)和13.45%(P<0.01);肝脏丙二醛、8-OHdG含量和黄嘌呤氧化酶活性分别显著下降了16.01%(P<0.05)、37.52%(P<0.01)和16.25%(P<0.05)。由此可见,高脂饲粮降低了小鼠肠黏膜、肝脏和血清的抗氧化功能;添加枯草芽孢杆菌B1对饲喂高脂饲粮小鼠的抗氧化功能具有一定的增强作用,并能减少机体的氧化应激状态,较好地保护组织细胞,免受氧化损伤。     

1株猪源肠道益生菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

从健康猪肠道中分离出1株对仔猪大肠杆菌病和副伤寒病病原有较强拮抗作用的菌株,命名为W-02,对其进行菌落形态、生理生化特性和16S rDNA系统发育分析,确定该菌株为凝结芽孢杆菌。对该菌株胃肠道耐受特性和安全性进行了研究,结果表明,W-02菌株在人工胃液、人工肠液、猪胆盐和80℃高温表现出很强的耐受能力,急性毒性试验结果表明该菌株为无毒菌株。     

1株解淀粉芽孢杆菌B7快速液态发酵优化工艺研究

本试验以1株饲用益生菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌B7（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7,B.amyloliquefaciens B7）为研究对象,为了增强其在液态条件下的发酵水平,提高其芽孢发酵工艺优化效率,拟采用测定芽孢吡啶二羧酸（dipicolonic acid,DPA）浓度的方法来代替传统的平板芽孢计数法,以探讨此测定方法在芽孢发酵优化工艺中的可行性。首先,通过单因素试验筛选出对菌株产孢有显著促进作用的因子,进一步通过正交优化试验确定蛋白胨、玉米粉、大米蛋白粉和Mn²⁺组合的最优水平。结果表明,发酵液中的芽孢浓度与测定的DPA荧光强度呈线性相关,在蛋白胨20 g/L、玉米粉10 g/L、大米蛋白粉20 g/L、Mn²⁺1.0 mmol/L时发酵48 h,检测到DPA荧光强度达到最大,其相应的芽孢浓度达到7.0×10⁹ CFU/mL。与实验室常用的LB培养基相比,芽孢浓度提高了3.3倍;与工业生产用培养基相比,芽孢浓度提高了2.2倍。本研究为芽孢杆菌发酵过程中芽孢浓度测定提供了一种快速方法,为工业菌株B.amyloliquefaciens B7的发酵提供了一种成分简单且高产芽孢的培养基。     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

Isolation and Identification of Cellulase-producing Bacillus in Yak Rumen

To investigate the species of cellulase-producing Bacillus in yak rumen,10 samples of rumen content were aseptically collected from 10 adult Maiwa yaks to isolate the heat-resistant Bacillus by water bath at 80 ℃ for 20 min.The cellulase-producing strains were screened using the CMC-Na medium and Congo red staining.The 16S rRNA gene sequence of those cellulose-producing strains were amplified and sequenced.The results showed that 64 strains were isolated from the 10 samples.Total 23 strains were identified as cellulase-producing bacillus,including 16 strains of Bacillus cereus,7 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis showed that the 16 Bacillus cereus strains were clustered into two branches:One isolate was clustered into a branch alone,the other 15 isolates were clustered into a branch which clustered into 5 small branches,showing that there was certain genetic diversity in the isolates of Bacillus cereus.And all 7 Bacillus thuringiensis strains were clustered into a branch.Hence,the results layed the foundation of investigating the species of cellulase-producing Bacillus in yak rumen and developing probiotics special for yak.     

Screening of Probiotics Inhibiting E. coli K88 in vitro

The probiotics tested in the experiment were isolated from the intestinal of weaning piglets.The isolated probiotics and E.coli K88 were inoculated into the culture of intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1 (IPEC-1).The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured after incubating for 2.5 h.At the same time, the probiotics and E.coli K88 were co-cultured in vitro, the number of E.coli K88 was counted and the probiotics which could be resistant to the E.coli K88 were selected 2.5 h later.The results showed that the Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans could significantly reduce LDH activity (P<0.05), decrease the damage of E.coli K88; Bacillus coagulans could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88.At the same time, Bacillus coagulans could resist high temperature, acid and bile salt.The results showed that Bacillus coagulans strains had great potential as the application of probiotics strains.The methods could be used as a model of screen probiotics which could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88 in vitro.     

凝结芽孢杆菌在生猪养殖中的应用及其作用机理的研究进展

近年来集约化养殖已成为畜牧业的发展方向,养殖规模越来越大,特别是生猪养殖是关乎民生的支柱性产业,占整个畜牧业养殖规模的一半以上。如何在保证生猪养殖业可持续发展的基础上,提高生产效益并达成无抗养殖已成为当下的研究热点。凝结芽孢杆菌（Bacillus coagulans）作为一种新型饲用益生菌,兼具乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌的性质,既能产生乳酸,又能形成芽孢;具有改善生猪肠道健康、提高机体免疫力和抗病能力、调节肠道菌群平衡和提高动物生产性能等作用,在生猪养殖中具有很大的应用前景。作者概述了凝结芽孢杆菌的生物学特性;重点总结了凝结芽孢杆菌在无抗日粮、替抗方案、有抗日粮、与其他添加剂混合使用以及其他方面对生猪生产性能的影响;并从肠道健康与消化吸收、机体免疫力和肠道菌群平衡方面结合已有的试验结果分析了凝结芽孢杆菌对生猪生长性能改善的作用机理;提出了凝结芽孢杆菌在生猪养殖应用中存在的问题及建议,以期为进一步开发应用凝结芽孢杆菌制剂提供参考。     

1株降解黄曲霉毒素B1的解淀粉芽胞杆菌的分离鉴定及其体外脱毒效果

旨在筛选出能够高效降解黄曲霉毒素B1 (AFB1)的菌株,并对其脱毒活性组分的脱毒效果进行研究,本研究以香豆素为唯一碳源对目标细菌进行初筛,以对AFB1的降解率为指标进行复筛,并从形态学、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析对筛选菌株进行鉴定;通过测定该菌株不同发酵组分对AFB1的降解率,来定位其脱毒活性组分,同时采...