辣椒新品种辣优4号的选育

辣优 4号是以湖南地方品种分离株Ⅱ经多代自交筛选纯化的优良自交系 33号椒为母本、以材料h7 1经多代单株自交筛选的优良自交系 30号椒为父本配制而成的辣味型一代杂种 ,熟性早 ,前期产量比对照品种湘研 1号增产 16 .5%～ 4 9.1%。一般产量 16 0 0～ 2 80 0kg·(6 6 7m2 ) - 1。田间表现抗疫病、青枯病和病毒病。结果性好 ,单果质量 35～ 50g ,果实长牛角形 ,果表面光滑 ,色绿 ,商品率高 ,品质优良。现已在广东、广西、江西、海南、湖南等地推广种植 ,面积达80 0hm2 。     

不同处理方法对辣椒采后贮藏特性的影响

分别采用热处理、1-MCP处理、乙烯处理尖椒.结果显示,各处理均引起了采后辣椒膜损伤,同时热处理和1-MCP处理可以抑制乙烯生成和呼吸高峰,延迟叶绿素降解,起到延长贮藏期的目的.     

罐藏番茄新品种石红9号的选育

石红9号是以3071-3-5为母本,以3072-4为父本配制的中熟、制酱专用罐藏加工番茄一代杂种。自封顶类型,果实深红色,高圆形,平均单果质量82g,抗裂、耐压、耐贮运,可溶性固形物含量4.92%,番茄红素含量154.8mg·kg-1(FW),总糖3.20%,总酸0.27%,干物质5.92%,每667m2产量6500kg左右。已在新疆、内蒙古巴颜淖尔、甘肃张掖、宁夏平罗等地推广种植3600hm2。     

Adeno-associated virus type 9-mediated p65 silencing inhibits angiotensin II-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells

AIM: To study the effect of p65 gene silencing by adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9)-mediated RNA interference on angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ; 10^-6 mol/L for 24 h)-induced apoptosis of rat ventricular H9c2 myocytes, and to elucidate the possible mechanism. METHODS: The H9c2 cells were transfected with rAAV9-eGFP and rAAV9-eGFP-NF-κB p65-siRNA at multiplicity of infection (MOI)=4×10⁶ vg/cell. eGFP expression in the cells was observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope, and the percentage of eGFP positive cells was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of p65 was determined by Western blot. CCK-8 assay was used to measured the viability of transfected H9c2 cells. The apoptosis of the cells transfected with the virus and with Ang Ⅱ stimulation was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The cells began to exhibit eGFP expression on the 2nd day after transfection. The fluorescence intensity was increased over the time of transfection. eGFP expression reached the maximum on the 5th day, and the transfection efficiency was (52.7±1.9)% at this time point. Compared with blank control group, no significant effect of AAV9 on the viability of H9c2 cells was observed. In resting state, p65 in the H9c2 cells had a certain activity. After Ang Ⅱ stimulation, the activity of p65 was obviously increased, while transfection of rAAV9-eGFP-NF-κB p65-siRNA effectively inhibited the expression of p65. The apoptosis of H9c2 cells in Ang Ⅱ stimulation group was significantly higher than that in blank control group, while transfection of rAAV9-eGFP-NF-κB p65-siRNA effectively inhibited apoptosis of H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION: Transfection of rAAV9-eGFP-NF-κB p65-siRNA effectively inhibits the expression of p65 gene of NF-κB pathway in the H9c2 cells without causing cell growth inhibition, and reduces the apoptosis induced by Ang Ⅱ.     

辣椒新品种临椒1号的选育

临椒1号母本94-18是从尖椒22号中经提纯复壮、筛选出的优良自交系,父本94-33是国外引进品种匈奥804经多代自交分离出的优良自交系。该品种生长势强,果实羊角形,基部皱折,果色深绿,纵径23.0cm左右,横径3.0cm,单果质量40~60g,辣味浓。对疫病、病毒病和炭疽病的抗性强于对照尖椒22号。中熟,从定植到始收60d(天),一般每667m2产量2860kg左右,适宜鲜食、制酱。     

家蚕性别相关血液蛋白质组的一维电泳-液相色谱-质谱分析

分别从家蚕5龄幼虫和蛹期不同发育阶段提取雌、雄蚕血液总蛋白质,采用一维电泳-液相色谱-质谱(1DE-LC-MS)技术分析家蚕血液蛋白质的差异性表达及差异蛋白组分。在家蚕血液蛋白质含量与种类方面检测到与性别及发育相关的差异性表达,数据库检索结果共获得96个相匹配的候选蛋白质,剔除冗余部分后鉴定其中的27个蛋白质组分,分别属于13种蛋白质或其亚基。雌、雄蚕之间的差异组分主要出现在分子质量70~100 kD之间,其中芳基贮存蛋白、卵黄蛋白原、抗胰凝乳蛋白酶因子为雌特异性表达组分。30K蛋白家族是家蚕血液中高丰度表达的蛋白组分。这些差异蛋白质的鉴定与功能分析为研究家蚕性别发育调控机制提供了新的信息。     

鸡传染性贫血病毒VP1、VP2基因在杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

将鸡传染性贫血病毒M9905株VP1、VP2基因分别或同时克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pFastBacDUAL中，然后转化到DHIOBAC感受态细胞中与Bacmid杆状病毒穿梭载体进行转座重组，最后将重组子转染Sf9昆虫细胞，得到分别或同时含VP1、VP2基因的重组杆状病毒rBacVP1、rBacVP2及rBacVP1—2。PCR扩增结果证实VP1、VP2基因重组到杆状病毒基因组中；SDS-PAGE电泳分析和间接免疫荧光试验结果表明VP1、VP2基因在重组病毒中得到了表达。     

Porcine CD18 mediates Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIII species-specific toxicity

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, produces Apx toxins that are recognized as major virulence factors. Recently, we showed that ApxIIIA-cytotoxic activity specifically targets Sus scrofa leukocytes. Since both LtxA from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (aggressive periodontitis in humans) and LktA from Mannheimia haemolytica (pneumonia in ruminants) share this characteristic, respectively towards human and ruminant leukocytes, and because both use the CD18 subunit to interact with their respective LFA-1, we hypothesized that ApxIIIA was likely to bind porcine CD18 to exercise its deleterious effects on pig leukocytes. A β ₂−integrin-deficient ApxIIIA-resistant human erythroleukemic cell line was transfected either with homologous or heterologous CD11a/CD18 heterodimers using a set of plasmids coding for human (ApxIIIA-resistant), bovine (-resistant) and porcine (-susceptible) CD11a and CD18 subunits. Cell preparations that switched from ApxIIIA-resistance to -susceptibility were then sought to identify the LFA-1 subunit involved. The results showed that the ApxIIIA-resistant recipient cell line was rendered susceptible only if the CD18 partner within the LFA-1 heterodimer was that of the pig. It is concluded that porcine CD18 is necessary to mediate A. pleuropneumoniae ApxIIIA toxin-induced leukolysis.     

Infection, immunity and the neuroendocrine response

The Central Nervous (CNS) and Immune Systems (IS) are the two major adaptive systems which respond rapidly to numerous challenges that are able to compromise health. The defensive response strictly linking innate to acquired immunity, works continuously to limit pathogen invasion and damage. The efficiency of the innate response is crucial for survival and for an optimum priming of acquired immunity. During infection, the immune response is modulated by an integrated neuro-immune network which potentiates innate immunity, controls potential harmful effects and also addresses metabolic and nutritional modifications supporting immune function. In the last decade much knowledge has been gained on the molecular signals that orchestrate this integrated adaptive response, with focus on the systemic mediators which have a crucial role in driving and controlling an efficient protective response. These mediators are also able to signal alterations and control pathway dysfunctions which may be involved in the persistence and/or overexpression of inflammation that may lead to tissue damage and to a negative metabolic impact, causing retarded growth.This review aims to describe some important signalling pathways which drive bidirectional communication between the Immune and Nervous Systems during infection. Particular emphasis is placed on pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunomodulator hormones such as Glucocorticoids (GCs), Growth hormone (GH), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and Leptin, as well as nutritional factors such as Zinc (Zn).Finally, the review includes up-to-date information on this neuroimmune cross-talk in domestic animals. Data in domestic animal species are still limited, but there are several exciting areas of research, like the potential interaction pathways between mediators (i.e. cytokine-HPA regulation, IL-6-GCS-Zn, cytokines-GH/IGF-1, IL-6-GH-Leptin and thymus activity) that are or could be promising topics of future research in veterinary medicine.     

Callose and β‐1,3‐glucanase inhibit Phytophthora cinnamomi in a resistant avocado rootstock

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) of avocado, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, is a significant threat to sustainable production wherever the crop is grown. Resistant rootstocks in combination with phosphite applications are the most effective options for managing this disease. Recently, the mechanisms underpinning PRR resistance have been investigated by the avocado community. Here, biochemical assays and confocal and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate early defence responses in PRR resistant and ‐susceptible avocado rootstocks. Zoospore germination and subsequent hyphal growth for the pathogen were significantly inhibited on the surface of resistant avocado roots. When penetration occurred in the resistant R0.06 rootstock, callose was deposited in the epidermal cells, parenchyma and cortex of roots. In addition, β‐1,3‐glucanase was released early (6 h post‐inoculation, hpi) in response to the pathogen, followed by a significant increase in catalase by 24 hpi. In contrast, susceptible R0.12 roots responded only with the deposition of lignin and phenolic compounds incapable of impeding pathogen colonization. In this study, PRR resistance was attributed to a timely multilayered response to infection by P. cinnamomi.