Epithelial response to experimentally introduced intraluminal bacteria in the avian epididymal ducts

The response of the epithelial cells of the various ducts of the avian epididymis, whose function is poorly understood, to intraluminal bacteria was evaluated by the injection of an avirulent strain of Salmonella gallinarium into the RT for 24 h. Ultrastructurally, bacteria and invading mononuclear cells were present in the lumina of the RT, proximal efferent ducts (PED) and distal efferent ducts. However, only the non-ciliated (Type I) cells of the PED epithelium ingested bacteria from the lumen. Fragments of bacteria also occurred in several intercellular spaces in the epithelium of the PED. Some mononuclear cells also contained fragments of bacteria. Neither cell death in the various epithelia nor mononuclear infiltration of the periductal tissue occurred. Therefore, in addition to the established function of absorbing most of the testicular fluid entering the epididymis, the Type I cells also appear capable of recognising and removing foreign particulate matter from the epididymal through-flow in the proximal part of the epididymis.     

Identification of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida in India by conventional and PCR assays

The prevalence of capsular and somatic serotypes were studied among 123 Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from chickens (n = 94), ducks (22), quails (4), turkeys (2) and geese (1) from different geographical regions of India. All strains exhibited similar cultural and morphological characteristics. Ninety-two of the isolates belonged to serotype A:1, the most prevalent serotype, with serotypes A:3, A:1,3, D:3 and F:3 having two isolates each. Only one isolate was positive for serotypes A:4 and D:1. Twenty isolates were untyped. A multiplex capsular PCR assay generated amplicons of sizes 460, 1044, 657 and 854 bp in 106 isolates identified as capsular serotype-A, 15 in serotype D and two in serotype F. Capsular types B and E were not detected in any of the avian isolates studied. The present findings suggest that a multiplex capsular PCR assay may be suitable for the rapid initial identification serotypes P. multocida during epidemiological studies of fowl cholera.     

山东省2011年春季中标禽流感灭活疫苗质量检测及抗体消长规律分析

为了摸清山东省高致病性禽流感疫苗的质量情况,对2011年春季山东省3个中标厂家生产的重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗(H5N1,Re-5株+Re-4株)进行了质量检验和疫苗的抗体消长规律的跟踪。试验结果显示:除L厂家的2011010批次、G厂家的2011012批次有菌外,3个厂家的其余33批次灭活疫苗的物理性状、灭活检验和无菌检验均全部合格。免疫SPF鸡3周后,除Q厂家2011005批次疫苗外,其余34批疫苗HI抗体效价均≥6.0log2,产品达到质量标准要求。抗体消长规律实验表明,3个厂家的疫苗免疫SPF鸡4周即可达到高峰值,Re-4 HI抗体水平≥9.5log2,Re-5 HI抗体水平≥8.0log2,至25周时,仍维持在高抗体水平:Re-4 HI抗体水平≥9.0log2,Re-5 HI抗体水平≥7.8log2。从总的趋势看,L厂家的疫苗免疫抗体效价好于Q厂家和G厂家。     

2010-2011年河南省部分地区H9亚型禽流感、新城疫

为了解河南省H9亚型禽流感、新城疫和鸡传染性支气管炎的流行情况。从河南省15个地市发病鸡场采集病鸡组织样品309份,采用鸡胚尿囊腔传代接种法分离病毒,并利用血凝试验(HA)、血凝抑制试验(HI)和RT-PCR试验对分离毒株进行鉴定。结果表明,3类病毒的总检出率为26.54%,其中NDV、IBV和AIV(H9)的检出率分别为11.00％、3.88％和11.65％。2010年10月NDV和IBV检出率均最高,分别为30.00％、15.00％,2011年1月AIV(H9)检出率最高,为43.24％。2类病毒混合感染的检出率达3.24％。表明2010年7月-2011年4月H9亚型禽流感、新城疫以及鸡传染性支气管炎在河南省部分地区普遍流行,且存在一定程度的混合感染。为有效预防和控制河南省3种主要疫病提供了科学依据。     

芽孢杆菌制剂对艾维茵肉鸡胴体性能和肠道菌群的影响

试验选用7日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡480只,随机分为8组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只;选择适宜肉鸡饲喂的3种芽孢杆菌制剂,分别为枯草芽孢杆菌BS3(Bacillus subtilis 3)、产蛋白酶活力高的蜡样芽孢杆菌BC1(Bacillus cereus 1)和产纤维素酶活力高的蜡样芽孢杆菌BC2(B.cereus 2),将其单一或复合的添加到肉鸡日粮中,研究芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡胴体性能、免疫器官指数及肠道菌群的影响;8个试验组分别为对照组和BC1、BC2、BS3单一供给组及BC1+BC2、BC1+BS3、BC2+BS3、BC1+BC2+BS3 4个混合供给组,饲料中芽孢杆菌的添加量为3×105 CFU.g-1,混合组的配比为1∶1和1∶1∶1。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加BC1+BC2对提高肉鸡日增质量和降低料质量比效果显著(P<0.05),其中日增质量提高了9.97%,料质量比降低了8.46%;添加BC1和BC1+BC2组肉鸡的腿肌率分别提高了8.46%和7.95%(P<0.05),BC1、BC1+BC2和BC1+BC2+BS3组的腹脂率较对照组显著降低,分别降低了26.6%、30.2%和25.8%;日粮中添加BC1+BC2和BC1+BC2+BS3显著提高了脾脏指数(P<0.05),添加BC1+BC2、BC1+BS3和BC1+BC2+BS3组的法氏囊指数显著提高,添加BC1+BC2、BC1+BS3和BC1+BC2+BS3显著降低了肉鸡盲肠道内的大肠杆菌数(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明适用肉鸡的最佳芽孢杆菌制剂是BC1+BC2。     

地锦草颗粒对人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病临床疗效试验

为考察地锦草颗粒对人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗效果,将SPF鸡210只随机分成7组,对人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗效果显示,按每升饮用水加本品2 g,连续用药5 d,有效率、治愈率分别为76.9%、69.2%,与四黄止痢颗粒药物对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

FP1株番鸭源禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒抗原性分析

为明确FP1株番鸭源禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒强毒与鸡新城疫强毒标准株F48E9之间的抗原性差异,本研究通过交互血凝抑制试验、血清交叉中和试验及雏番鸭免疫攻毒保护试验比较了FP1株番鸭源禽I型副粘病毒强毒与鸡新城疫强毒标准株F48E9之间的抗原性.结果显示同源阳性血清对病毒的血凝抑制效价比异源阳性血清对病毒的血凝抑制效价高2.66～4个滴度;两者之间的抗原相关值R为0.35;对于5日龄经肌注途径免疫接种1羽份量La Sota弱毒疫苗14d后的雏番鸭,以FP1株番鸭源禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒强毒、鸡新城疫强毒标准株F48E9分别攻击后,其保护指数分别为54.5、92.9.以上结果表明,FP1株番鸭源禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒与鸡新城疫强毒标准株F48E9存在较明显的抗原性差异,为鸭副粘病毒病疫苗的研制和该病的防控提供了依据.     

黑龙江龙凤保护区秋季鸟类群落特征

为了了解龙凤保护区秋{鸟类群落的基本情况,2013年10～11月采用样线法进行了鸟类群落调查。共监测到鸟类8目、14科、37种;雁形目、鸥形目和鹤形目为该季节的优势目;红嘴鸥为优势种,其次为骨顶鸡和赤膀鸭;区系组成中以古北种为主（占67．57％）,兼合广布种;居留型以夏候鸟为主（占78．38％）,均为以游禽为主的水鸟;保护物种较多（近30％）;栖息环境包括芦苇沼泽、明水面及稀树带,芦苇沼泽为偏爱生境;物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度均不高甚至偏低。基于调查结果,提出了相应的管理和保护建议。     

tva受体基因起始密码子突变对鸡感染A亚群禽白血病病毒的影响

【目的】探索tva受体基因起始密码子突变(tva c.3G>A)对鸡感染A亚群禽白血病病毒(Avian leukemia virus subgroup A, ALV-A)的影响。【方法】利用Sanger测序和RT-PCR验证我国黄羽肉鸡存在tva c.3G>A突变。利用流式细胞术检测tva c.3G>A突变对鸡体外感染RCASBP(A)-GFP荧光报告病毒的影响。通过ALV-A体内攻毒试验,探究tva c.3G>A突变对鸡体内感染ALV-A的影响。利用直接测序方法对我国黄羽肉鸡品系tva c.3G>A突变位点进行基因分型。【结果】Sanger测序和RT-PCR结果鉴定我国黄羽肉鸡品系tva基因编码区第3位碱基由G突变为A,该突变引起tva基因起始密码子序列由ATG突变为ATA。流式细胞术检测结果显示野生型tva c.3G/G鸡胚成纤维细胞(Chicken embryo fibroblast, CEF)对RCASBP(A)-GFP易感,纯合突变型tva c.3A/A CEF抗RCASBP(A)-GFP感染,表明tva c.3G>A突变导致鸡体外抗RCA...     

Epidemiology and conservation implications of Trichomonas gallinae infection in the endangered Mauritian pink pigeon

Despite increasing recognition of the role of exotic pathogens in species decline, comprehensive studies of wildlife disease epidemiology in threatened species are rare. We investigated the epidemiology of the protozoan parasite Trichomonas gallinae, which causes the avian disease trichomonosis, in the five wild subpopulations of the endangered pink pigeon Columba mayeri in Mauritius. An average of 89% of the entire population was screened for T. gallinae infection every 2 months between September 2002 and April 2004. A total of 426 individual pink pigeons (all >3 months of age) was screened, and 359 (84.3%) of these tested positive for T. gallinae at least once. Average prevalence of T. gallinae infection across all subpopulations and sampling periods was 50.3% but ranged from 19.6% to 82.4%. Trichomonas gallinae infection was significantly different among subpopulations and prevalence gradually decreased over the entire screening period. Infection prevalence also increased with host age. Observed pathogenicity of T. gallinae was low; active trichomonosis signs were recorded in ca. 1.9% of birds which tested positive. However, birds which persistently tested positive for T. gallinae (33.5% of birds screened) were at least 10% less likely to survive 2 yrs post-screening than birds which tested negative at least once in three consecutive periods; a finding which should be considered by wildlife disease investigators if no pathogenic effects are apparent from the results of studies based on a single screening episode. We conclude that T. gallinae is an additional population limiting factor for pink pigeons and our study highlights the importance of screening other endangered columbids for this pathogen.