不同栽培模式对早稻—再生稻头季稻籽粒灌浆特性和ATP酶活性的影响

为了揭示不同栽培措施对再生稻产量的影响,阐明超高产栽培模式实现高产的生理原因,采用超高产栽培模式并以常规栽培模式作为对照进行比较试验,研究不同栽培模式下早稻—再生稻头季稻籽粒灌浆特性和ATP酶活性的变化。结果表明,与常规栽培模式相比,超高产栽培模式头季稻强、弱势粒的生长潜势强,灌浆最大生长速率出现的时间早,灌浆速率在整个灌浆期的前、中、后3个阶段均较高,活跃灌浆时间较短,强、弱势粒较早进入灌浆盛期,同时,整个灌浆期头季稻强、弱势粒的Mg2 -ATP和Ca2 -ATP酶活性超高产栽培模式也都较常规栽培模式的高,尤其是在籽粒灌浆的快速增长阶段,超高产栽培模式的明显高于常规栽培模式,因而其头季籽粒灌浆呈现出灌浆起动快、灌浆强度大、灌浆后期“拉力”足的特点,从而有利于有机物质向穗部运输,这是超高产栽培模式头季实现大穗、多穗、粒饱、结实率高的籽粒灌浆特性和生理原因。     

基于SD和模糊综合评价的土地整治项目社会影响评价

利用系统动力学的因果回路图分析土地整治的社会影响,运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价方法评估土地整治典型项目的社会影响程度。通过典型案例分析,该项目社会影响成功度综合评价结果为“基本成功”,其中“社会效率”成功度最高,“社会公平”次之,“可持续发展”成功度最低。运用系统动力学的理论对土地整治的社会影响的影响因素和传导途径进行解析,通过层次分析法和模糊综合评价法可对相关社会影响进行定量评估,研究成果可为土地整治项目的社会影响评价工作提供借鉴和参考。     

基于LoadRunner的Web考试系统性能测试与优化

Web系统性能测试以验船师考试系统作为测试对象,结合系统性能测试复杂、多用户负载模拟难度较高的现状,重点针对该系统应用的实时性、稳定性和容错性特点,设计了一种基于LoadRunner的面向验船师考试系统的性能测试方案,对考试系统的关键环节、资源分布情况、硬件性能进行测试。在对测试结果分析的基础上,找出影响系统性能的关键性因素,提出了系统性能优化方案,并对系统进行调优。通过对验船师考试系统的性能测试及优化方法的研究,解决了该系统的性能问题,为Web应用的性能测试提供了有效的测试及优化方法。     

Integration of Lactobacillus plantarum A7 with thyme and cumin essential oils as a potential biocontrol tool for gray mold rot on strawberry fruit

Chemical fungicides have been intensively used in the control of postharvest decay in fruit in postharvest conditions; nevertheless, continuous use of these fungicides has faced two major obstacles: development of pathogen resistance to many key fungicides, and public knowledge on the health and environmental hazards of these compounds. This study evaluated the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum A7, thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oils and the combination of these three elements as postharvest biocontrol agents against Botrytis spp. on strawberry fruit. Thyme oil had a remarkable antifungal effect against Botrytis spp. in vitro, whereas an inhibitory effect of cumin oil was achieved in higher concentrations. With thyme oil (2 h after artificial inoculation of the fruit), among three tested concentrations, only the 200 μL/L concentration showed an inhibitory effect on strawberries against Botrytis spp. (91.97%), while higher concentrations of cumin oil were required to prevent decay significantly. Both combinations of L. plantarum+ cumin oil and L. plantarum+ thyme oil completely inhibited the mycelia growth of the pathogens in vitro. Results showed that the combined treatments of strawberry fruit with L. plantarum+ cumin oil (50 μL/L) and L. plantarum+ thyme oil (100 μL/L) resulted in remarkably improved control of Botrytis infections, in comparison to the stand-alone application of L. plantarum A7 or essential oils. Quality (i.e. pH, acidity and ascorbic acid content) and sensory attributes of the strawberry fruit were better in the case of using cumin compared to thyme oil, when a combination of L. plantarum A7 and essential oils was used. This study has demonstrated that the integration of L. plantarum A7 with thyme and cumin essential oils is a potential biocontrol tool as a biofungicide in postharvest stage.     

新形势下食品质量与安全专业课程体系改革的思考

食品安全是天大的事,培养相关的专业人才尤显重要。依据食品质量与安全专业人才培养目标要求明确专业内涵,采用模块设计方法构建食品质量与安全专业课程体系,并就如何提高人才培养质量提出建议。     

Management targets for continuously stocked mixed oat × annual ryegrass pasture in a no-till integrated crop–livestock system

Feeding livestock with cover crops can improve the efficiency and sustainability of integrated crop–livestock systems under no-till. However, no-till systems are based on permanent soil cover by organic material, so grazing livestock can compete for soil cover. Hence, managing stocking rates during the grazing period of the cultivated forage species is a key factor to assure enough herbage mass for maintaining long-term sustainable no-till systems. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine sward management targets for a continuously stocked mixed oat (Avena strigosa) × annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture in rotation with soybean in a no-till integrated crop–livestock system to determine the optimum balance between animal production and herbage mass for soil cover. The effects of sward height management on animal performance and herbage mass covers were evaluated. Treatments corresponded to four sward heights: 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, maintained throughout the experimental period through continuous stocking and variable stocking rate, plus a no-grazing control area. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Herbage mass and animal performance increased linearly with sward height, but weight gain per hectare decreased. Grazing efficiency fitted to a quadratic regression and conversion efficiency a logarithmic model. Equilibrium between grazing and conversion efficiencies was reached on swards managed at 20 cm, indicating that this sward height provided enough herbage mass to allow both animal performance and no-till crop demand for soil cover.     

小麦/玉米/大豆三熟套作体系中小麦根系分泌特性及氮素吸收研究

为探讨小麦/玉米/大豆多熟套作体系下小麦根系分泌物的分泌特性及其对根系生长环境和植株氮素吸收的影响,2006-2008年连续两个生长季采用田间定位试验,研究了小麦-大豆、小麦-甘薯、小麦/玉米/大豆和小麦/玉米/甘薯4种种植模式下小麦根系分泌物的数量与种类、小麦根系生长、土壤水分、土壤氮含量及植株吸氮量的变化特性。结果表明,与小麦-大豆和小麦-甘薯两种净作模式及小麦/玉米/甘薯套作模式相比,小麦/玉米/大豆套作降低了开花期和成熟期小麦生长区的土壤湿度、pH值及NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N的含量,提高了小麦植株地上部总吸氮量、根系活力、根干重及土壤总氮含量,并且,开花期小麦根系分泌有机酸总量和可溶性糖含量增加,表现为套作>净作,大豆茬口>甘薯茬口,边行>中行,其中以小麦边行处理的分泌量最高。拔节期根系分泌的有机酸,净作处理以乙酸含量较高,占总量的47.8%~51.6%,套作处理以柠檬酸含量较高,占总量的31.7%~55.1%;开花期根系分泌的有机酸,净作和套作处理均以乙酸含量较高,占总量的33.3%~78.3%。小麦/玉米/大豆套作对小麦根系分泌有机酸和可溶性糖有促进作用,从而改善了根系生长环境,提高了小麦对氮素的吸收。     

Operational Analysis of Open Untreated Sewage Source Heat Pump System

The effective sewage intake technology is prerequisite for the untreated sewage source heat pump system to run steadily. In terms of the insufficiency of current sewage intake technologies, an open sewage intake integration technology is proposed. The mathematical model and the distinguish basis of critical state are established for the sewage intake characteristic by defining some important operating parameters, such as the blocking coefficient, the contamination density and the section coefficient. Furthermore, the change rule of each critical operation parameter is observed along with the various initial parameters. The result can provide the theoretical basis to design the open intake integration technology.     

Design of Analysis and Evaluation Application System for Ride Comfort

The stimulation and the optimal design for bus ride comfort have played an importable roles in design and reform of automobile products. The new vibration comfort coefficient is applied to evaluate the ride comfort of automobile, and the software is developed. It is verified that the study has theoretical and practical value significantly.     

Model of Survivable Architecture

Critical information system in Interact is in face of increasingly security problems. More attention has been focused on the survivability of information system, which is the capability of system to continue its mission even in the presence of damage to the system. The authors first introduce the definition of survivability. According to four function properties of survivability, which are Resistance, Recognition, Recovery, and Adaption, the authors design a model of survivable system structure and then explain survivability requirement, survivability strategy in this model. Additionally, they provide possible technical solutions for the survivability of systems, categorized by different aspects of our survivability strategy.