杨树插干与带蔸造林生长及根系发育比较

以江汉平原4个杨树主栽品种为试验材料,分别进行插干和带兜造林,比较两种造林方式生长和根系发育差异。结果发现:两种造林方式,生长差异显著,插干造林具有明显的生长优势。进一步对两种造林方式根系发育进行比较发现,前期根系发育差异不大,随着时间增长,插干造林的生根数量、根重、生根区间长度等特征都显著大于带兜造林。正是由于插干造林根系发达,分布均匀,吸收根和运输支撑根合理配置,更利于水分、养分的吸收运输,且不易倒伏,最终相比带兜造林表现出显著的生长优势。     

运河影响下的常州古城景观体系研究

常州自古便是江南地区水陆交通的枢纽,其城市发展与运河息息相关.以常州古城为研究对象,首先梳理其从先秦到清末古代城市的发展演变与同时期运河的变迁,探究两者之间的关联.接着以清末为时间节点,从自然山水要素、人工营建要素和意向空间要素等不同要素入手,归纳了清末常州古城景观体系在天心十道的节点布局、七厢三街的功能分区和...     

湿热蒸汽处理木质材料温度动态监测研究

作为一种替代溴甲烷熏蒸木材的技术,湿热蒸汽处理具有突出的环保性。试验通过智能换热站提供湿热蒸汽,设计了钢材框架悬挂耐高温气囊的试验装置,对原木、樟子松拼板、樟子松锯材和单板层积材进行湿热蒸汽处理,并对木材内部升温进行动态监测。利用温度记录仪收集了各温度监测点4 h内的温度实时数据,以及耐高温气囊内部的环境温度实时数据,对湿热蒸汽环境下木质材料不同位置的升温过程进行比较分析,结果表明:木质材料与湿热蒸汽的接触面积是影响其升温速率的关键因素;较大尺寸的木质材料升温速率更高;人造板材与天然木材升温速率基本相同。     

广东省第三期沿海防护林体系建设

分析广东省沿海防护林体系建设历程及第三期建设的必要性,其体系由沿海基干林带和纵深防护林构成,基干林带是沿海防护林体系的主体,建设类型包括红树林恢复造林、基干林带人工造林、灾损基干林带修复和老化基干林带更新、困难立地造林和退塘造林;纵深防护林对进一步防御和减轻登陆台风、台风引起的暴雨和泥石流等危害具重要作用,建设类型包括...     

远程监测技术在港口气体污染物监测中的应用研究

对青岛前湾港进行实地考察,确定了港口监测设备布点位置,通过试验验证,论证了监测设备距船舶的距离、风向与船舶航行的测试夹角、湿度、环境温度等参数对港口船舶运行过程中烟气扩散测试结果的影响,同时,确定了影响船舶气态污染物监测的关键因素,为在我国港口搭建船舶排放监测系统提供一些参考.     

杉木种源选择决策新模型

在杉木育种过程中,选出优良的种源是实现杉木"速生、丰产、优质"的关键性问题。针对目前杉木种源选优方法所存在的缺陷,提出运用一种简单易行的方法———系统指数模型法来解决杉木种源的选优问题,从而为杉木种源选择的科学决策提供依据。     

Nitrogen uptake from 15N-enriched fertilizer by four tree crops in an Amazonian agroforest

Mixed tree cropping systems have been proposed for sustainable nutrient management in the humid tropics. Yet, the nutrient interactions between intercropped trees have not been addressed sufficiently. In the present study we compare the temporal and spatial patterns of the uptake of applied ¹⁵N by four different tree crops in a mixed tree cropping system on a Xanthic Ferralsol in central Amazônia, Brazil, during one year. Most of the N uptake occurred during the first two weeks. Very little N was recovered by peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), more by cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) and annatto (Bixa orellana) and most by Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa). Due to tree pruning the total accumulation of applied ¹⁵N in the above-ground biomass of annatto decreased throughout the year. It remained constant in cupuassu and peach palm and increased in Brazil nut. Brazil nut showed an extensive root activity and took up more fertilizer N applied to neighboring trees than from the one applied under its own canopy in contrast to the other three tree crops. Therefore, trees with wide-spread root systems may not need to receive N fertilizer directly but can take up N applied to other trees in the mixed cropping system. This means that such trees may effectively decrease N leaching when intercropped with trees that have dormant periods or places with low N uptake, but also exert considerable resource competition.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Characteristics and decomposition rates of pruning residues from a shaded coffee system in Southeastern Brazil

In the Zona da Mata Mineira of Southeastern Brazil the development of sustainable land requires the integration of crops with trees. The objectives of this study then were to (i) characterize prunings from the main tree species in an agroforestry system; (ii) determine the effects of the physical and chemical characteristics of the prunings on their decomposition patterns in the laboratory; (iii) assess the effect of mixing leaves of different species on decomposition rates; and (iv) propose a decomposition index for the residues studied. The study was carried out with pruning residues from Cajanus cajan, Solanum variable, Cassia ferruginea, Piptadenia gonoacantha, Croton urucurana, and Melinis multiflora. The materials were characterized for total C, N, P, Ca, Mg and K contents; lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and soluble polyphenols contents. The pruning residues had high polyphenols and lignin contents, high C:N and C:P ratios, and low contents of Ca, Mg, and K. The low decomposition rates of the prunings were related to the P, K, hemicellulose and polyphenol contents. The rates of N mineralization from most of the residues indicate that there is a potential to supply the needs of a crop of maize. The residues of some species, if decomposed alone, would not supply sufficient nutrients, and need to be mixed with leaves of other species.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

自然降温对雪松叶片中SOD及MDA的影响

对引种雪松用帐篷进行保护，在植株正常生长的情况下，研究自然降温过程中其叶片内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明：当年引种雪松在越冬期间SOD活性变化曲线呈“M”状，并不随环境温度降低而持续下降。MDA含量呈抛物状的变化规律，随着温度降低氧自由基积累，从而引发膜系统的脂质过氧化作用，导致MDA含量也随之增加。雪松的抗寒能力与体内能否维持较高的SOD活性有密切关系，在低温胁迫下活性氧代谢失调是雪松叶片受伤的重要原因之一。     

森林生态采伐与森林生物多样性保护

本文论述了森林生态采伐对森林生物多样性保护的重要性和必要性。森林生态采伐有利于森林生态系统的平衡；有利于保护森林生物的多样性；有利于森林生态资源的可持续发展。