食用菌产业发展对农业循环经济的影响

针对我国食用菌产业发展对农业循环经济的影响问题,提出了食用菌产业转变生产方式、实施专业化分工协作,以节约经济运行成本;在分析成本效益的基础上,建立了食用菌产业发展的影响因素评价体系,对农业循环经济发展过程中的多种复杂影响因素进行科学评价,重点评价了经济发展的可持续性、经济性和环保性三个影响因素。该评价体系对我国食用菌产业发展对农业循环经济的影响因素做出科学的评价,能够辅助相关政府部门进行经济决策。     

选举观察的制度引入与基层选举监督的创新路径——基于村委会选举观察员制度运行的分析

国内村委会选举观察员制度运行的成效和问题为选举观察制度的普遍引入提供了发展方向和问题警示。总结国内村委会选举观察员制度运行的得失,认为当今我国基层民主监督在理论与实践上的双重弱化状态和地方政治发展的实际需要是选举观察制度引入的基本条件,公众和媒体的参与、专家学者的推动等多重社会力量是促使选举观察制度运行的动力。选举观察制度的法制建设、政府部门的相对淡出、民间观察的介入与激励是选举观察制度完善与基层选举监督创新的基本路径。     

抑霉乳酸菌的筛分及其抑菌特性研究

试验旨在获取生物抑霉的优良菌株以及为质量安全青贮饲料生产提供高效菌剂。从青贮饲料、酸奶以及奶豆腐中分离纯化出乳酸菌和霉菌,并且通过双层平板法对具有抑制霉菌活性的乳酸菌菌株进行筛选,测定其上清液抑霉效果;采用蛋白酶处理和高温处理法分析乳酸菌抑霉的有效成分。结果表明:分离筛选的乳酸菌和霉菌经鉴定为植物乳杆菌和黄曲霉菌,且植物乳杆菌对黄曲霉菌的生长有明显抑制作用。蛋白酶处理对乳酸菌无细胞上清液的抑菌活性有不同影响,而加热处理并不改变其抑菌效果。研究表明,植物乳杆菌对黄曲霉菌生长有明显的抑制作用,推测其抑菌活性物质为蛋白质、肽类等,并且这些抑菌活性物质的热稳定性较高。     

连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜幼苗生长及土壤酶活性的影响

通过植物-土壤反馈试验,研究连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜幼苗生长和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,轮作土壤微生物处理黄瓜植株鲜质量、叶绿素含量、土壤中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性显著高于连作土壤微生物处理;连作及轮作土壤微生物处理增加了黄瓜幼苗干质量、鲜质量、叶绿素含量及总叶面积,显著提高了土壤中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性。综上,连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜幼苗生长均产生正反馈作用,并且轮作土壤微生物的正反馈作用大于连作土壤微生物。     

一种国外野生沉香的生物活性和化学成分研究

研究一种国外野生沉香乙醚提取物的生物活性并分析其化学成分，为国外野生沉香的进一步研究和开发利用 提供一定的基础。采用乙醚浸提法提取沉香，对提取物分别用 MTT 法、Ellman 法、pNPG 法和贝曼漏斗法进行细胞毒、 乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制和杀全齿复活线虫活性测试，利用 GC-MS 分析提取物化学成分。结果表明，该 提取物对 5 株人体肿瘤细胞、乙酰胆碱酯酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和全齿复活线虫均表现出一定的生物活性。GC-MS 检测鉴 定了其中的 26 个化合物，相对含量为 57.39%，包括 23 个倍半萜类成分，相对含量为 56.72%，1 个 2-(2-苯乙基)色酮 类成分，相对含量为 0.35%。本次对此种国外野生沉香的生物活性和化学成分研究，发现沉香乙醚提取物具有杀线虫 的活性，为更好地开发沉香的药用价值提供了一定的科学依据。     

橄榄多酚类物质研究进展

橄榄是中国传统的药用植物，其中多酚类物质是橄榄重要的功效成分之一。目前，橄榄多酚类物质研究较为 广泛，常用的提取方法包括温浸法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、超声与微波协同辅助提取法等，分离纯化 后采用液相色谱或液质联用技术鉴定多酚类物质的种类和成分，并对其抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌消炎、抗癌抑癌、解酒 护肝和提高机体免疫等方面的药理活性进行验证。此外，橄榄多酚类物质合成和代谢分子机理也已经被初步阐释。基 于上述研究报道，本文进一步对橄榄多酚类物质后续研究方向和产业化开发利用前景进行展望。     

沿滩区环境监测能力现状与建议

随着社会经济的快速发展,环境保护越来越被人们所重视.环境保护部门肩负着重要的使命和神圣的职责,而环境监测又是环境保护的关键环节,它将为搞好环境保护工作提供有效的技术支持与服务.因此,环境监测能力的高低势必会影响监测质量的好坏.分析了沿滩区环境监测能力的现状和存在的问题,提出了相关建议,使环境监测为环境保护工作提供有效的技术支持与服务.     

Effects of natural protease inhibitors on high protease activity flours

Wheat grain damaged by wheat bug (Eurygaster spp.) contains the bug salivary secretion which hydrolyses the gluten needed for the dough quality of breadmaking due to its proteolytic activity. Since the protease inhibitors are widespread throughout the plant kingdom, the possibility of using some plants, especially food and feed legumes to decrease the proteolytic activity of flours milled from bug damaged wheats was investigated. The proteolytic activity was considerably inhibited by pefabloc-SC and EDTA-Na₂, suggesting that bug protease(s) included serine and metallo proteases. Extracts from cones of hops, seeds of grass pea, red kidney bean and sunflower caused reduction in the activity of bug protease(s). Effects of hop extract on electrophoretic, rheological properties of high protease activity flours milled from different bread wheat cultivars damaged by the bug were also studied. The dough development time and stability values of high protease activity flours increased considerably with hop extract at the lowest addition level (10:1, flour to hop extract ratio). The doughs supplemented with the hop extract had higher maximum resistance and lower extensibility values as compared to their controls. These results suggested that hop extract had improving effects on high protease activity flours due to the bug damage.     

Design and performance of recirculating aquaculture system for marine finfish broodstock development

Tropical and subtropical climatic conditions in India present an ideal and unique opportunity for being the leader in tropical marine finfish aquaculture. However, the problem persist due to non-availability of marine finfish seed for the culture. In response to this problem, broodstock development of different tropical marine finfishes for seed production was started. The present study was undertaken to design a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and studying their performance in managing the various water quality required for the marine finfish broodstock development and breeding. The design of RAS, developed in the present study, included a broodstock tank, egg collection chamber, electrical pump, rapid sand filter, venturi type protein skimmer and biological filter. Two RAS were designed, one was stocked with a demersal fish species, orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and the other was stocked with a pelagic fish species, Indian pompano (Trachinotus mookalee) at the rate 1 and 0.5 kg/m³ with a sex ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 (female: male) respectively. Various physio-chemical parameters, viz, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, pH, alkalinity, temperature, free carbon dioxide (CO₂) and dissolved oxygen (DO) of both tank water were analyzed to assess the performance of recirculating aquaculture system in maintaining the water quality. Gonadal development of the fishes was assessed and the spawning performance was recorded and finally, economic performance of the system was also evaluated. During the entire experimental period, mean monthly total ammonia nitrogen was less than 0.07 and 0.06 mg L⁻¹ and mean monthly nitrite was less than 0.02 and 0.01 mg L⁻¹ in orange spotted grouper and Indian pompano RAS tanks respectively. The pH (7.8–8.2), DO (>4 mg/L) and alkalinity (100–120 mg/L) were found to be in optimum range in both recirculating aquaculture systems. Carbon dioxide was found to be nil during the entire experimental period in both the systems. In fact these levels were comparable or less than that is reported as the permissible limits for broodstock development. Indian pompano and Orange spotted grouper matured and spawning was obtained with production of fertilized eggs round the year. Economic evaluation showed the price of 10,000 fertilized eggs of orange spotted grouper to be US $ 1.33. The design of RAS devised in the present study is efficient in controlling and maintaining optimum water quality for broodstock development of both demersal and pelagic finfishes. The fishes stocked in RAS attained final maturation and round the year spawning was obtained.     

计算机基础实践教学改革初探

加强实践教学,培养学生创新能力是高等教育教学改革的一个重要组成部分。本文结合我校计算机基础实践教学现状,提出了建立分层次计算机基础实践教学体系的方案。该方案的顺利实施对我校计算机基础实践教学的改革具有一定的现实意义。