22种植物提取液对杨分月扇舟蛾的生物活性的影响

对22种植物提取液的杀虫活性进行了初步筛选,结果表明苍耳植物提取液对杨分月扇舟蛾2龄幼虫有很强的拒食作用,其种子提取液对供饲叶碟24 h和48 h后的拒食率分别为82.83%和75.15%,茎提取液24 h和48 h后的拒食率分别为55.56%和65.87%。苍耳种子、地锦全株和牛膝叶提取液对杨分月扇舟蛾幼虫有非常强的毒杀作用,6 d后校正死亡率分别为91.94%、83.87%和81.13%。     

女贞子提取物对绵羊瘤胃日粮养分48 h降解率的影响

选用安装瘤胃瘘管的绵羊4只,分别饲喂含0、100、300和500mg.kg-1女贞子提取物的饲粮,通过4×4拉丁方实验设计,系统研究了饲喂女贞子提取物对DM、CP、ADF和NDF降解率的影响。结果表明,培养48h后,饲喂女贞子提取物提高了NDF、ADF降解率(P>0.05);对DM、CP降解率未产生影响。     

万寿菊杀菌素水乳剂的研究

随着人们环境保护意识的增强,植物源农药的开发利用是目前农药研究的热点课题,万寿菊杀菌素是模拟其根部提取物合成的杀菌物质,具有水不溶性,对其进行乳化实验,发现当复配乳化剂亲水亲油平衡值（HLB值）为10时乳化效果最好,此时制剂的稳定性最高。同时利用万寿菊杀菌素水乳剂对西瓜枯萎病菌进行抑菌实验效果良好,达到了与其根粗提物相近的抑制效果,表明该人工模拟合成的万寿菊杀菌素与天然杀菌素有相似的抑菌作用。     

22种植物甲醇提取液对南方根结线虫的控制作用

为寻找新型植物源杀线虫活性物质,测定了22种植物甲醇提取液对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫的毒杀效果。试验结果表明:紫茎泽兰、蕺菜、草麻黄、马钱、半夏、艾蒿、小米椒、大蒜等8种植物在48 h内对线虫的校正死亡率在50%以上,具有较强的杀线虫活性;蕺菜对线虫的校正死亡率在24 h4、8 h内均达到100%,具有极强的杀线虫作用。     

蚯蚓提取液改善老龄小鼠胸腺脾组织结构的研究

[目的]研究蚯蚓提取液对老龄小鼠胸腺、脾脏组织结构的改善作用。[方法]健康雄性昆明小鼠随机分3组,分别为对照组A、衰老模型组B、用药组C,每组10只。B、C组腹腔注射D-半乳糖50 mg/（k.gd）,连续8周,建立衰老模型组;第5周始C组灌胃蚯蚓提取液50 mg/（kg.d）,连续4周。试验结束对小鼠进行颈椎脱臼处死,应用分析天平称量小鼠胸腺、脾脏重量,并对胸腺、脾脏进行常规石蜡切片。观察3组小鼠间胸腺、脾脏组织结构的差异。[结果]蚯蚓提取液提高了C组小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数,组织切片观察显示,C组小鼠胸腺皮质/髓质比例增高。[结论]蚯蚓提取液具延缓小鼠胸腺、脾脏组织结构衰老的作用。     

地鳖虫提取物对大鼠运动能力和骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性的影响

【目的】探讨补充地鳖虫提取物对大鼠运动能力、骨骼肌抗氧化酶表达水平及活性的影响,以明确其作为运动补剂的可能性。【方法】对大负荷游泳训练大鼠按各组平均体质量的0.5,1.0和1.5g/kg剂量分别补充地鳖虫提取物,在8周大负荷训练结束后测定大鼠力竭游泳时间、骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性及其原因表达水平。【结果】8周大负荷训练后,与单纯大负荷运动组相比,补充地鳖虫提取物组大鼠运动能力显著提高,其骨骼肌SOD、CAT、GST3种抗氧化酶活性均显著增加,同时3种抗氧化酶编码基因的表达水平也显著上调。【结论】补充地鳖虫提取物能够显著提高大鼠运动能力和骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性,其可能的机理是地鳖虫提取物上调了抗氧化酶编码基因的表达水平。     

黄花蒿精油对绿豆象成虫体内酶活力的影响

本试验测定了黄花蒿精油对绿豆象成虫体内几种酶活力的影响。试验结果表明:黄花蒿精油对绿豆象成虫体内多种酶均有影响。黄花蒿精油对绿豆象成虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶活力表现出明显的抑制作用,对谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶表现出明显的诱导作用,对绿豆象成虫体内羧酸酯酶、酸性磷酸酯酶、碱性磷酸酯酶表现出一定的抑制作用。黄花蒿精油进入成虫体内后,同时作用于多靶标,提高了黄花蒿精油对绿豆象成虫的毒杀效果,也将有效延缓害虫产生抗药性。     

Induction and assessment of morpho-biochemical mutants in Artemisia pallens Bess.

Artemisia pallens Bess. is a low volume and high value essential oil plant used in perfumery, cosmetic and flavouring industries. On account of the failure of conventional procedures to induce variability in species, mutation techniques have been tried in our experiments. Dry and viable seeds (moisture content 8%) of homozygous pure breeding lines were subjected to 150–500 Gy doses of gamma rays and 0.01–0.1% ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) for 8 h. Desirable qualitative mutants were recovered from segregating M₂ generation (4,283 plants scored) raised as single plant progenies. The spectrum of morphological mutants included late and early flowering types; bushy and high yielding types; tall and more capitula-producing types and high oil and high davanone yielding types. These were raised through M₃ families to evaluate stability and transmission of mutant characters. As such out of 15 different types selected in M₂, only 11 types bred true to their characteristic variability. Based on their performance, the mutants were characterised depending upon their distinguishing features. Davanone, the main component of oil showed the maximum increase (64.22% against 54.64% in control) in mutant ‘S–5’ recovered from exposure with 250 Gy γ-rays. Mutant ‘E-6’ was economically most viable having increased oil biosynthesis (0.36% against 0.22% in control) and hence yields higher oil per unit area than the parental control (isolated from 0.05% EMS treatment).     

Copper Uptake and Tolerance in Two Contrasting Ecotypes of Elsholtzia argyi

Abstract

Information is desired on plant species that have a great potential in phytoremediation of copper (Cu) contaminated soils. Two contrasting ecotypes of Elsholtzia argyi were comparatively studied using nutrient solution culture for their growth response and uptake, distribution, and translocation of Cu. The results show that the ecotype from an old mined area (Sanmen-ecotype) had greater tolerance to Cu than that from the nonmined area (Jiuxi-ecotype) based on dry matter yield at different Cu supply levels. Inhibited root and leaf growth was noted at the external Cu levels > 50 µmol L^?1 for the Sanmen-ecotype, and at the Cu supply levels > 5 µmol L^?1 for the Jiuxi-ecotype. Stem growth was most sensitive to Cu toxicity in E. argyi, and was inhibited at the Cu levels ≥ 2.5 µmol L^?1 for Jiuxi-ecotype and ≥ 25 µmol L^?1 for Sanmen-ecotype. Root Cu concentrations were higher in Sanmen-ecotype than in Jiuxi-ecotype, but leaf, especially stem Cu concentrations were much lower in the former than in the latter. Furthermore, Jiuxi-ecotype was much more efficient than Sanmen-ecotype in the translocation of Cu from root to the shoot, and it had higher ratios of stem/root and leaf/root Cu concentration. At the Cu supply levels higher than 10 µmol L^?1, root concentrations of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) considerably decreased in Jiuxi-ecotype, but were not affected or even increased in Sanmen-ecotype. Zinc concentrations in the stems, particularly in the leaves of Sanmen-ecotype increased by 3 folds, but were hardly changed in Juixi-ecotype when grown at the Cu levels higher than 10 µmol L^?1. These results indicate that the Sanmen-ecotype of E. argyi is a Cu-tolerant ecotype, and its tolerance to high Cu levels was mainly related to its extraordinary capability to restrict Cu uptake, especially Cu translocation from root to the shoot, probably by competitive uptake and translocation of Zn.     

小麦秸秆水浸液对3种中药材的化感效应

以商洛道地中药材桔梗(Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC)、黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)、丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge)种子为材料,研究不同梯度(0,0.5%,1.0%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0%)小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)秸秆水浸液对3种受体中药材种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,低梯度(0.5%,1.0%)的小麦秸秆浸提液对3种受体中药材种子的萌发、幼苗根长、苗高、鲜质量、可溶性糖含量及可溶性蛋白含量均有明显的化感促进作用;但随着水浸液梯度的提升,其对受体的促进作用逐渐转变为抑制作用。在试验梯度范围内,小麦秸秆水浸液对3种受体中药材幼苗光合速率的影响各不相同(促进黄芩光合作用、抑制丹参光合作用,对桔梗光合作用没有影响)。小麦秸秆水浸液可以在某种程度上促进桔梗、黄芩、丹参种子萌发和幼苗生长。