东方蜜蜂采集的野坝子蜂蜜分析研究

 在冬季野坝子花期,研究了云南武定、姚安、大姚、祥云和永胜等5个野坝子主要分布地区15个不同海拔点东方蜜蜂(Apis cerana F．)采集的野坝子蜂蜜,根据国家标准GB18796—2005,对其进行了花粉、感官指标和理化指标、四环素族抗生素残留量分析。各采样点东方蜜蜂采集的野坝子蜂蜜中均含有野坝子花粉,且数量均大于50%;感官分析表明：各个蜂蜜样品色泽均一相近,气味较浓郁,滋味上没有明显区别。理化分析表明：各个蜂蜜样品的水分、还原糖、蔗糖含量、灰分、羟甲基糠醛、酸度、淀粉酶活性的指标均符合国家标准GB18796—2005;四环素族抗生素残留量分析：结果显示所有被检蜂蜜样品,均未检出四环素族抗生素残留。     

Varroa mites,viruses and bacteria incidences in Kenyan domesticated honeybee colonies

Varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) is a major global threat to the western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). The ectoparasite has been implicated in the spread of honeybee viruses. Beekeeping plays a major role in transmission of the mite. The study aimed at assessing levels of Varroa infestation, bee viruses and bacteria incidences in domesticated honeybee colonies. Samples of adult honey bees, bee brood and Varroa mites were collected from Baringo, Narok, Kwale, Magarini, Voi, Ijara, Busia and Siaya in Kenya. Ten hives in each site were inspected for the presence of Varroa mites on adult bees using the icing sugar technique and forceps in sealed brood cells. The number of mites observed were recorded per site. Ribonucleic acid was extracted from the mites, brood and adult bees and a polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the black queen cell virus. Pooled RNA samples of brood and adult bees were used in next generation sequencing on a 454 GS FLX platform to detect bee viruses and bacteria. Varroa mites were reported in all the study sites at varying levels. The black queen cell virus and three iflaviruses, European foul brood and its secondary causative agent Enterococcus faecalis were reported. The Kenyan honeybee population is threatened by bee pests and pathogens. There is a need for constant monitoring of bee pests and diseases in honeybee colonies in the country for early detection and to provide data on the status of bee health. All stakeholders in the beekeeping value chain should be enlightened on their role in pest and disease transmission.     

黑蜂蜂胶免疫活性和体内抗肿瘤研究

[目的]观察东北黑蜂蜂胶醇提取物对昆明鼠免疫活性的影响和肿瘤抑制率。[方法]通过动物体内试验,制备H22模型小鼠,计算黑蜂蜂胶提取物肿瘤抑制率,测定单核-巨噬细胞碳廓清的吞噬指数。[结果]东北黑蜂蜂胶醇提取物各组的吞噬指数、瘤重与阴性对照组比较,具有统计学意义(P0.05),说明东北黑蜂蜂胶醇提取物能够提高H22小鼠的免疫活性,对肿瘤的生长在一定程度上有很强的抑制作用,东北黑蜂蜂胶的乙醇提取物抗肿瘤作用显著。[结论]该研究为蜂产品进一步走向医疗领域特别是治疗癌症提供理论支持。     

利用微卫星标记分析泸水中华蜜蜂遗传多样性

利用21对微卫星标记对云南泸水中华蜜蜂群体遗传多样性进行分析,共检测到121个等位基因,等位基因数目从2-12不等。平均等位基因数为5.76;所有位点的平均期望杂合度（He）和平均多态信息含量（PIC）值分别为0.6752和0.6192。表明泸水中华蜜蜂群体遗传多样性较为丰富。     

中蜂生产野桂花蜂蜜优质高产技术研究

野桂花是一种特色蜜源,其蜂蜜色、味俱佳,被称为"蜜中之王"。但采野桂花蜂蜜的蜂群产量不高、质量不稳定。根据中蜂生物学特性,改良设计了一种中蜂蜂箱,同时开展蜂群采野桂花蜂蜜优质高产饲养技术的研究工作。结果表明:实验组蜂群繁殖速度、野桂花蜂蜜产量都显著高于对照组,但2组生产的野桂花蜂蜜浓度差异不显著。     

蜜蜂高产抗螨杂交种“HYR”和“JYR”的选育

    选取卡尼鄂拉蜂、高加索蜂和平湖意蜂为蜂种选育的主要素材,以闭锁集团繁育和人工授精技术为主,RAPD分析为辅,建立和保持3个纯系,在此基础上选育出"HYR"和"JYR"2个高产抗螨杂交蜂种.这2个杂交蜂种除抗螨能力强外,分别具有蜂蜜高产和蜂蜜、王浆双高产的生产性能.与本地意蜂相比,"HYR"和"JYR"蜂种的蜂蜜平均单产分别提高59.40%(P＜0.01)和32.27%(P＜0.01),"JYR"蜂种的王浆平均单产提高69.95%(P＜0.01);2个蜂种的秋季蜂螨寄生率分别为1.97%(P＜0.01)和2.19%(P＜0.01),均显著低于本地意蜂.     

福州地区中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)工蜂春季活动规律初探

为探究中华蜜蜂工蜂在春季的活动规律,采用无线射频识别技术,对福州地区中华蜜蜂工蜂春季出巢活动进行跟踪研究.结果表明,中华蜜蜂工蜂在3日龄内不出巢活动;4至16日龄每天中午前后短暂出巢飞行2-3 min;17日龄之后,工蜂转变为采集蜂,出巢活动扩展至整个白天,出勤频率由开始的4-6次逐渐增加至30日龄的15次,单次出巢采集时间持续(32.61±10.04)min,每次巢内停留(28.75±10.79)min;此外,研究揭示试验期间成年工蜂的寿命为(26.89±5.51)d.     

江苏省意大利蜂与中华蜜蜂微卫星DNA遗传多样性分析

[目的]分析江苏省意大利蜂与中华蜜蜂品种间、品种内的遗传变异。[方法]利用6对微卫星DNA标记从DNA水平上对意大利蜂与中华蜜蜂进行遗传多样性分析,评估品种内的遗传变异和品种间的遗传分化。[结果]共检测到42个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数从2到11不等,所有位点平均的期望杂合度和PIC值分别为0.505 0和0.473 1。意大利蜂和中华蜜蜂6个微卫星位点平均有效等位基因数分别为5.17和3.83,平均基因杂合度为0.500 7和0.333 2,群体分化系数为29.5%,两个品种间的Reynolds'遗传距离和Nm分别为0.330 5和0.638 4。[结论]两个蜜蜂品种均表现出较高的群体杂合度和丰富的遗传多样性。