木醋液复合物的抑菌活性及其复合膜的制备

[目的]对木醋液复合物的抑菌活性进行研究,为木醋液抑菌复合膜的制备提供基础数据。[方法]以实验室精制木醋液和桉木浆纳米纤维素为原料,制备木醋液复合物,并且进行抑菌活性试验。将木醋液复合物与聚乙烯醇通过层层自组装法制备木醋液复合膜。[结果]木醋液复合物的抑菌活性试验结果表明,5种木醋液复合物对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)均有抑制作用,尤其对细菌具有较强的抑制作用。木醋液复合物对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的抑菌圈直径高达(21.48±1.02)mm,对大肠杆菌(E.coli)的抑菌圈直径高达(21.21±1.74)mm。[结论]木醋液复合物具有广谱抑菌活性。木醋液复合膜在食品包装材料等领域具有潜在的开发价值。     

Effect of the inhibitors phenylalanine arginyl ß-naphthylamide (PAßN) and 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP) on expression of genes in multidrug efflux systems of Escherichia coli isolates from bovine mastitis

The multidrug efflux system in bacteria can reduce antibiotic concentration inside the cell, leading to failure in the treatment of bacterial diseases. This study evaluated the influence of two efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), phenylalanine arginyl ß-naphthylamide (PAßN) and 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP), on the gene expression of three multidrug efflux systems, AcrAB, AcrEF and EmrAB in Escherichia coli bovine mastitis isolates resistant to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim simultaneously. Each isolate had at least three multidrug efflux system genes. The acrA and acrB had the lowest expression levels in all treatments, while the emrA or emrB showed the highest expression levels in the presence of ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, PAβN and NMP. EPIs also contributed to the decrease in arcF expression when used in combination with ampicillin treatment. Since PAßN showed stronger effects than NMP, it may serve as an alternative to assist in the antimicrobial therapy of mastitis.     

Campylobacter infection in wild artiodactyl species from southern Spain: Occurrence,risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility

A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the occurrence of Campylobacter species and to identify potential associated risk factors for wild artiodactyl species in southern Spain. Campylobacter species were isolated in 55 of 363 (15.2%) faecal samples. Campylobacter was identified in faeces from wild boar (49/126; 38.9%), red deer (5/179; 2.8%) and mouflon (1/13; 7.7%) but not from fallow deer (0/45). The isolated Campylobacter species were identified as C. jejuni (2 isolates; 3.6%), C. coli (11 isolates; 20.0%) and C. lanienae (37 isolates; 67.3%). Five isolates (9.1%) could not be identified at the species level. This report is the first to describe C. lanienae infection in wild ruminant species. Resistance to erythromycin (4.8%), ciprofloxacin (37.5%), tetracycline (52.9%) and streptomycin (55%) were detected. C. lanienae presented a significantly higher number of susceptible isolates to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline than C. coli. Due to the low number of positive wild ruminants, a Generalised Estimating Equations model was only carried out for wild boar. The model indicated that the risk factors associated with Campylobacter infection were the density of wild boar (>10/100 ha) (OR: 3.05; CI_95%: 2.2–4.3), the presence of artificial waterholes (OR: 3.67; CI_95%: 1.3–10.5) and the winter season (OR: 3.30; CI_95%: 1.9–5.8). Campylobacter infection is widespread in wild boar populations in southern Spain. These findings suggest that wild artiodactyls, particularly wild boar, constitute a reservoir of Campylobacter species, including resistant and multi-resistant strains, which may be of public health concern.     

抗菌肽在动物生产上的应用

抗菌肽是一类对微生物有抑制作用的多肽,广泛存在于自然界中.抗菌肽具有抗细菌、真菌、病毒、原虫等多种功效,且无残留、无致微生物耐药性.抗菌肽在动物生产上已广泛使用,其优良特性有望取代抗生素.本文总结了抗菌肽的来源、功效及在动物生产上的应用,阐述了抗菌肽在生产和应用存在的主要问题.     

抗菌肽基因工程研究进展及其在畜牧生产体系中的应用

简要介绍了抗菌肽的分类、作用机理、基因工程研究进展及其在畜牧生产体系中的应用。此外还涉及了抗菌肽应用于临床治疗有待解决的问题和未来发展方向。     

板栗枝枯病发生规律及防治

板栗枝枯病由真菌的半知菌类 :黑盘孢目、棒盘孢属栗棒盘孢侵染所致 ,主要为害枝干 ,还为害果苞及幼果 .病原菌在病株组织内越冬 ,翌年环境条件适宜时产生分生孢子 ,由昆虫、风雨传播 ,7～ 8月份为发病盛期 ;在湖北 ,发现稻绿蝽是该病的传媒昆虫 ;通过营林措施 ,选用抗病品种 ,防治稻绿蝽 ,喷洒福美胂 ,多菌灵 ,代森锌等杀菌剂 ,可有效控制病害的发生     

蝇蛆几丁低聚糖抑菌作用的初步研究

 研究了蝇蛆几丁低聚糖对主要农作物种子病原菌和一些果蔬腐烂菌的抑制作用,并探索影响其抗菌活性的主要因子。结果表明,蝇蛆几丁低聚糖具有广谱的抗菌活性,对测试的32种农作物病原真菌和果蔬腐烂真菌中的花生白绢菌等31种有较好的抑制作用;蝇蛆几丁低聚糖的抗菌活性与脱乙酰度和分子量大小有关,随着脱乙酰度的增加,几丁低聚糖的抗菌活性逐渐增强,随着分子量的增大,几丁低聚糖的抗菌活性逐渐下降。盆栽试验结果表明,蝇蛆几丁低聚糖处理玉米、小麦和棉花种子,可以提高发芽率和出苗率。蝇蛆几丁低聚糖喷雾处理对玉米苗期小斑病具有一定的防病     

Breakpoints for disc diffusion susceptibility testing of bacteria associated with fish diseases: A review of current practice

A survey of the methods being employed to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria associated with aquaculture was performed on behalf of the Permanent Advisory Network for Diseases in Aquaculture. Thirty-two laboratories in 18 countries responded and 25 reported the breakpoints they used for disc diffusion assays applied to Group 1, non-fastidious organisms isolated from finfish. A total of 117 breakpoints were reported for assays in which the disc contents were those specified by the current standard protocols. Data on the source of these breakpoints and the confidence the laboratories had in them are presented. Overall there was a considerable variation in the breakpoints employed by different laboratories and this variation is discussed in terms of the inter-laboratory precision that can be expected from the application of disc diffusion protocols. This paper discusses the possible clinical significance of the variations in the breakpoints and, where there are available data, the extent to which those in use are consistent with breakpoints suggested by other approaches.The data presented in this paper represent a starting point for the movement towards harmonising breakpoints used in association with the standard disc diffusion protocols that have been proposed for susceptibility testing of bacteria associated with fish diseases.