设施蔬菜肥料施用现状调查分析及减施潜力估算

对赤峰市典型设施农业区20个种植户进行施肥情况调查。结果表明：赤峰市设施农业有机肥投入量偏高,化肥以基施为主。赤峰市设施蔬菜调查区氮、磷、钾养分总投入量平均分别达 2575、1266、2790 kg/hm _² ,土壤养分投入过大养分过量现象严重。每季黄瓜、番茄、辣椒 N∶P ₂ O ₅ ∶K ₂ O 平均为1:0.49:1.09,养分比例适中。施入土壤的养分总量远超过各自推荐施肥量,养分减施潜力较大。赤峰市设施蔬菜应大力推广测土配方施肥技术,实现资源节约型、环境友好型现代化高效农业。     

海岸盐沼湿地细菌抗真菌活性研究

为了开发对植物病原真菌生长有抑制作用的药源微生物,本实验采用平板稀释法从江苏大丰盐沼湿地土壤中分离微生物,并通过菌丝块法检测这些微生物代谢产物对5种植物病原真菌生长的抑制活性,进而利用柱层析分析其活性成分;结果共分离得到235株细菌,其中好氧细菌92株,厌氧细菌143株;体外活性测试结果显示有65株至少对1种测试植物病原真菌的抑制率在30%以上,其中好氧菌39株,厌氧菌26株。从好氧和厌氧菌株中分别选取3株和1株具有不同抗菌类型的菌株进行大批发酵,用不同的方法对发酵液吸附,分离和纯化,获得抗真菌活性组分。可见,海岸盐沼湿地土壤中蕴涵着大量的细菌种群,约有28%的细菌菌株能够产生抗真菌活性物质,其中Y6、Y156和Y96的抗真菌活性物质极性较大,值得进一步开发。     

Integration of Lactobacillus plantarum A7 with thyme and cumin essential oils as a potential biocontrol tool for gray mold rot on strawberry fruit

Chemical fungicides have been intensively used in the control of postharvest decay in fruit in postharvest conditions; nevertheless, continuous use of these fungicides has faced two major obstacles: development of pathogen resistance to many key fungicides, and public knowledge on the health and environmental hazards of these compounds. This study evaluated the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum A7, thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oils and the combination of these three elements as postharvest biocontrol agents against Botrytis spp. on strawberry fruit. Thyme oil had a remarkable antifungal effect against Botrytis spp. in vitro, whereas an inhibitory effect of cumin oil was achieved in higher concentrations. With thyme oil (2 h after artificial inoculation of the fruit), among three tested concentrations, only the 200 μL/L concentration showed an inhibitory effect on strawberries against Botrytis spp. (91.97%), while higher concentrations of cumin oil were required to prevent decay significantly. Both combinations of L. plantarum+ cumin oil and L. plantarum+ thyme oil completely inhibited the mycelia growth of the pathogens in vitro. Results showed that the combined treatments of strawberry fruit with L. plantarum+ cumin oil (50 μL/L) and L. plantarum+ thyme oil (100 μL/L) resulted in remarkably improved control of Botrytis infections, in comparison to the stand-alone application of L. plantarum A7 or essential oils. Quality (i.e. pH, acidity and ascorbic acid content) and sensory attributes of the strawberry fruit were better in the case of using cumin compared to thyme oil, when a combination of L. plantarum A7 and essential oils was used. This study has demonstrated that the integration of L. plantarum A7 with thyme and cumin essential oils is a potential biocontrol tool as a biofungicide in postharvest stage.     

基于云计算的食品有毒有害物质检验检测大数据的风险分析算法及其应用

基于云计算,结合食品安全检验检测的完备性与最小性原理,将影响食品安全的多维因素降维成平均含量(AVE)、限量标准(STA)、超限率(OUT)、超限程度(OUD)和最大值(MAX)5个因素,并建立食品有毒有害物质检验检测大数据的风险分析算法。利用云计算技术实现对地理上分布广泛、动态、复杂性高的海量数据进行存储,并运用云计算的MapReduce计算框架进行智能的并行数据处理及计算,最后得到风险分析结果。通过对在基于Web端的实验室管理系统采集的1 000 000条检验检测数据结果进行风险分析,得出食品安全指数IFS远小于1,表明消费者人群的食品安全状态良好。     

The potential role of PR-8 gene of apple fruit in the mode of action of the yeast antagonist,Candida oleophila,in postharvest biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea

Several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes of apple have been cloned and their response to different pathogens has been studied. Different PR genes, however, may have a variable response depending on the specific organ or tissue as well as microbe. The objective of the current study was to characterize the expression of specific apple PR genes in fruit tissues in response to the antagonistic yeast, Candida oleophila (a common postharvest biocontrol agent), and the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea (a major postharvest pathogen). Apple PR-5 and PR-8 gene expression was characterized in fruit in response to C. oleophila and B. cinerea. Results indicated that PR-8 expression was significantly elevated in response to both fungi. In contrast, neither C. oleophila nor B. cinerea treatment markedly affected PR-5 expression. The PR-8 gene was then synthesized and cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression system to study the antifungal activity of the PR-8 protein against B. cinerea both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the PR-8 gene of apple is associated with the response to B. cinerea infection, and may play a role in the mechanism by which C. oleophila effectively inhibits B. cinerea disease in apple fruit, namely by the induction of this specific host PR gene.     

夏玉米在“3414”试验方案中氮磷钾配施的肥料效应研究

[目的]为研究氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对夏玉米产量和经济效益的影响和测土配方施肥提供依据。[方法]在河南省鹤壁市利用"3414"试验设计,布置夏玉米氮、磷、钾肥料效应试验。[结果]氮的缺乏对夏玉米产量影响最大,其次为磷,最后为钾。[结论]施肥量推荐类型:夏玉米目标产量10 500 kg/hm2,氮磷钾配比用量18∶8∶6;夏玉米目标产量9 000~10 500 kg/hm2,氮磷钾配比用量为16∶6∶4;夏玉米目标产量9 000 kg/hm2以下,氮磷钾配比用量为14∶4∶2。     

Analysis of a site x year experiment with timothy polycross progeny

Summary Results from a cooperative breeding programme with timothy for the northern areas of Scandinavia are presented. The main aim of the programme was to identify genotypes for synthetic populations that are high yielding, adapted over the whole area and stable over years. A polycross comprising 12 genotypes from each of five sites within the region was formed. The subsequent 60 half-sib families and four reference varieties were then compared under sward conditions at the same sites. The trials lasted for three years and results for total dry matter yields are presented.Significant differences in yield between lines were found. There were also significant two and three factor interactions between lines, sites and years. A new two-step procedure is presented to select the genotypes to make up a synthetic variety. Firstly, a superiority measure (Q-value) is used to select a group of genotypes that are high yielding and stable over sites and years. Secondly, the GxE part of the Q-value is split into two terms. One measures adaptation to predictable environmental conditions. The other one measures stability to unpredictable changes in the environment. A plot of these two measures provides a tool for discarding unstable or poorly adapted genotypes. The statistical properties of the selection parameters are discussed.     

适宜“油蔬两用”的油菜品种筛选

为筛选出适宜湖北地区应用推广的"油蔬两用"油菜品种,对9个"双低"甘蓝型油菜品种摘薹与未摘薹的产量、产值及主要性状进行了比较分析。结果表明,油菜摘薹后菜子产量比未摘薹平均增12.52%,总产值比未摘薹平均增124.08%,初步分析油菜摘薹后二次分枝及每角粒数普遍增加是菜子产量增加的主要原因。供试品种中,中油112菜薹、菜子产量高,菜薹口感甜脆爽口,可作为高产型"油蔬两用"品种推广应用;天下农3号菜薹产量及总产值高,浙油28菜薹口感及主要经济性状表现突出,菜子增产潜力大,二者可以作为"油蔬两用"配套品种。     

木材采运环节中木材检验的控制

本论述了木材采运环节中，木材检验的过程以及检验质量的控制方法和经验，做到木材检量准确无误。     

船用钢板漏磁检测的三维有限元分析

为保证船舶的安全,满足对船用钢板进行定期检测的需要,提出利用漏磁检测钢板缺陷的方法,并对该方法进行了三维有限元分析和实验验证.在ANSYS软件中建立检测传感系统、磁化装置和钢板缺陷的三维模型,进行钢板缺陷附近的磁场分布状态的数值仿真,得出了船用钢板磁化后的磁场分布状态,计算出缺陷与磁场分布之间的对应关系曲线,并对缺陷进行判断.检测实验结果证明有限元计算是可靠的.