对我国畜牧信息服务业运行机制的研究

本文在论述了加强我国畜牧信息服务业运行机制研究必要性的基础上，对影响我国畜牧信息服务业发展的专业数据库建设及专业数据库建设缓慢的原因等因素进行了分析，对加快我国畜牧信息服务业发展的专业数据库建设、畜牧业信息服务与相关事务处理业务相结合、关注集团用户的信息需求等运行机制进行了相关的研究，对我国畜牧信息服务业的建设与发展有重要的意义。     

中华鼢鼠生物学特性的研究

通过研究中华鼢鼠生物学特性,其食性食量125g/d,每个洞内食物存放平均750g;解剖观察,怀孕胚胎2～4个,平均3.38个,雌雄比为53.164∶6.84。     

Excel在动物营养专业研究生的专业课教学中的应用

动物营养专业的研究生需要掌握的饲料配方的配制方法。本文介绍在教学中如何利用Excel采用线性规划法和试差法自己设计饲料配方。     

解读英国动物福利法完善我国动物福利立法

英国动物福利法以关注物质利益和精神利益为原则。立法者特有的立法理念及非政府民间保护组织的积极推动影响着立法原则。英国的立法经验对于我国动物保护法、动物福利法的制定有着相当积极的借鉴意义。     

藏北草原牧民可持续生计分析—以班戈县为例

运用实地调查的方法,对藏北草原牧业户和兼业户进行比较分析和回归分析,以期提高人们对藏北草原牧民生计状况的认识,并对藏北草原牧民生活水平提升和收入增长提供一定的参考依据。结果表明:班戈县牧业户呈现"低质化"特征;兼业户的资本禀赋要好于牧业户;拥有较多自然资本和经济资本的牧户习惯于以单纯依靠牧业收入作为其生计策略;拥有较多人力资本、物质资本和社会资本的牧户更愿意选择多种经营方式来获取更多收入;物质资本对牧户生计策略的影响最为显著,社会资本显著程度不高,而人力资本存量偏低。总体来说,牧民生计在提升藏北草原牧民生活水平和促进牧民收入提高过程中显得更加急迫和重要。     

Variant surface glycoproteins from Venezuelan trypanosome isolates are recognized by sera from animals infected with either Trypanosoma evansi or Trypanosoma vivax

Salivarian trypanosomes sequentially express only one variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) on their cell surface from a large repertoire of VSG genes. Seven cryopreserved animal trypanosome isolates known as TeAp-ElFrio01, TEVA1 (or TeAp-N/D1), TeGu-N/D1, TeAp-Mantecal01, TeGu-TerecayTrino, TeGu-Terecay03 and TeGu-Terecay323, which had been isolated from different hosts identified in several geographical areas of Venezuela were expanded using adult albino rats. Soluble forms of predominant VSGs expressed during the early infection stages were purified and corresponded to concanavalin A-binding proteins with molecular masses of 48–67 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electropohoresis, and pI values between 6.1 and 7.5. The biochemical characterization of all purified soluble VSGs revealed that they were dimers in their native form and represented different gene products. Sequencing of some of these proteins yielded peptides homologous to VSGs from Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei and Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) evansi and established that they most likely are mosaics generated by homologous recombination. Western blot analysis showed that all purified VSGs were cross-reacting antigens that were recognized by sera from animals infected with either T. evansi or Trypanosoma (Dutonella) vivax. The VSG glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol cross-reacting determinant epitope was only partially responsible for the cross-reactivity of the purified proteins, and antibodies appeared to recognize cross-reacting conformational epitopes from the various soluble VSGs. ELISA experiments were performed using infected bovine sera collected from cattle in a Venezuelan trypanosome-endemic area. In particular, soluble VSGs from two trypanosome isolates, TeGu-N/D1 and TeGu-TeracayTrino, were recognized by 93.38% and 73.55% of naturally T. vivax-infected bovine sera, respectively. However, approximately 70% of the sera samples did not recognize all seven purified proteins. Hence, the use of a combination of various VSGs for the diagnosis of animal trypanosomosis is recommended.     

An overview of animal science research 1945–2011 through science mapping analysis

The conceptual structure of the field of Animal Science (AS) research is examined by means of a longitudinal science mapping analysis. The whole of the AS research field is analysed, revealing its conceptual evolution. To this end, an automatic approach to detecting and visualizing hidden themes or topics and their evolution across a consecutive span of years was applied to AS publications of the JCR category ‘Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science’ during the period 1945–2011. This automatic approach was based on a coword analysis and combines performance analysis and science mapping. To observe the conceptual evolution of AS, six consecutive periods were defined: 1945–1969, 1970–1979, 1980–1989, 1990–1999, 2000–2005 and 2006–2011. Research in AS was identified as having focused on ten main thematic areas: ANIMAL‐FEEDING, SMALL‐RUMINANTS, ANIMAL‐REPRODUCTION, DAIRY‐PRODUCTION, MEAT‐QUALITY, SWINE‐PRODUCTION, GENETICS‐AND‐ANIMAL‐BREEDING, POULTRY, ANIMAL‐WELFARE and GROWTH‐FACTORS‐AND‐FATTY‐ACIDS. The results show how genomic studies gain in weight and integrate with other thematic areas. The whole of AS research has become oriented towards an overall framework in which animal welfare, sustainable management and human health play a major role. All this would affect the future structure and management of livestock farming.     

Genetic management of Dutch golden retriever dogs with a simulation tool

Excessive inbreeding rates and small effective population sizes are an important problem in many populations of dogs. Proper genetic management of these populations can decrease the problem, and several measures are available. However, the effectiveness of these measures is not clear beforehand. Therefore, a simulation model was developed to test measures that aim to decrease the rate of inbreeding. The simulation program was used to evaluate inbreeding restriction measures in the Dutch golden retriever dog population. This population consisted of approximately 600 dams and 150 sires that produce 300 litters each year. The five most popular sires sire approximately 25% of the litters in a year. Simulations show that the small number of popular sires and their high contribution to the next generation are the main determinants of the inbreeding rates. Restricting breeding to animals with a low average relatedness to all other animals in the population was the most effective measure and decreased the rate of inbreeding per generation from 0.41 to 0.12%. Minimizing co‐ancestry of parents was not effective in the long run, but decreased variation in inbreeding rates. Restricting the number of litters per sire generally decreased the generation interval because sires were replaced more quickly, once they met their restriction. In some instances, this lead to an increase in inbreeding rates because the next generations were more related. The simulation tool proved to be a powerful and educational tool for deciding which breeding restrictions to apply, and can be effective in different breeds and species as well.     

牛鼻绳牵出10600年前苑和囿

苑和囿是业界认定属早期园林类型之一,囿的出现不早于殷商。野牛须先驯为畜,方可进囿。牛鼻绳是嫩竹篾扭成的绳,穿进牛鼻两孔间壁肉的穿孔,大犍牛就可被驾驭。这是迄今发现最早的大家畜驯化工具,是人类从原始社会跨进农牧社会门槛的"门栓"。这是人类1万年前首次改造和利用自然、发现自我价值的时代,也是苑和囿同时涌现的时代。     

如何在超大城市的中心绿地营造特色生态微栖息地景观?——以深圳中心公园为例

为探索如何在现有公园基础上构建特色生态微栖息地,以深圳中心公园特色动植物调查为基础,明确中心公园趣味生态资源,进一步梳理周边生态系统和整体植被基底、筛选特色动物服务对象、融合公园整体规划与景观,力求构建12个具有本地特色的,超大城市中心绿地的动植物生态微栖息地,形成更多动物的觅食地、夜栖地乃至繁殖地,力求整体提升该区域的生物多样性,也利于形成城区内的生态“跳岛”和自然教育“网红”节点。