我国动物营养科学百年发展的影响因素分析

对近百年来影响我国动物营养学发展的主要因素进行了总结，分析了我国动物营养学的发展历史。     

Effect of suckling intensity on human growth hormone binding, biochemical composition and histological characteristics of ovine mammary glands

Suckling both, or only one contralateral mammary gland during 15 days postpartum was utilized to study lactogenic hormone binding to mammary microsomal membranes and quantitative mammary morphology in ewes. Binding of radiolabeled human growth hormone was specific for lactogenic hormones. Non-radiolabeled human growth hormone, ovine and bovine prolactin and human placental lactogen effectively competed with radiolabeled human growth hormone for binding sites but ovine and bovine growth hormone were completely ineffective. Specific binding of radiolabeled human growth hormone to 600 μg of membrane protein averaged 23 ± 3% in all lactating glands. Neither days postpartum nor treatment of contralateral mammary glands substantially altered hormone binding in lactating glands. Specific human growth hormone binding (6 ± 0.5%) in non-suckled glands (15 days postpartum both udder halves) was significantly lower (P<0.01) than in lactating tissue but only a moderate and variable reduction in specific binding was measured in membranes from glands non-suckled for 15 days but contralateral to a suckled gland (14 ± 4%). Specific binding was approximately doubled in assays with 600 compared with 300 μg of membrane protein and the pattern of binding among variously suckled glands was not changed by treatment of membranes with 4 M MgCl₂ prior to assay. Most secretory cells from all lactating glands had rounded, basally displaced nuclei, apical fat globules, secretory vesicles and abundant densely stained basal cytoplasm (ergastoplasm). Alveolar lumenal area was maximal (50% of tissue area) and stromal tissue area was minimal. After 15 days of non-suckling (both udder halves) mammary cells were engorged with lipid, ergastoplasm was reduced and nuclei were irregularly shaped and randomly displaced compared with lactating tissue. In addition, lumenal area was reduced and stromal tissue more evident. Lack of suckling for 5 days had little apparent effect on mammary cytology. Like lactogenic hormone binding, mammary tissue morphology was only moderately altered by 15 days of non-suckling when the remaining gland was suckled. RNA concentration was lowest (2.1 ± 0.3 mg/g) in mammary tissue from ewes in which neither gland was suckled for 15 days postpartum but non-suckling interval had no significant effect when contralateral glands were suckled. DNA concentration was not significantly influenced by suckling treatments. Relative lactogenic hormone binding closely corresponded to changes in cytological and biochemical indices of secretory cell function.     

杜洛克猪遗传性跛行的体尺比较

试验采用96头杜洛克猪,这些猪是用反相选择跛行的方法所建立的两个品系的第7代后裔,测定其前肢的尺骨长,尺宽,足长和体长是否有差异。品系分为跛行组和健康组,后者表示在前肢结构上发育良好。所有猪都在二个特定日龄测定,平均117日龄和159日龄,并在每圈猪平均体重达到95kg时进行第三次测量,结束试验。资料用变量分析,混合方程包括品系、重复批次、饲料和性别的影响,并以体重或日龄作协方差分析。健康组猪比跛行组猪足长较长(P<0.01),在117日龄大7％,159日龄大14％,在试验结束时大30％。健康组猪的足宽则几乎和跛行组相等。对不同程度跛行选择的影响也表现在猪的体形方面,健康组猪比跛行组猪在159日龄时体长和尺骨长相对较短,在达到上市体重时体长轻短。对不同程度跛行的选择已使社洛克猪的结构发生了许多变化。     

肉鹅的多态性DNA分子标记及其与屠宰性状的相关性研究

应用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术分析鹅群的分子标记与屠宰性状的相关性。结果表明 ,从 4 0条随机引物中所筛选出的 14条引物 ,在 5 6日龄的四川白鹅与天府肉鹅两群体中扩增产物的多态率分别为 93.10 %和91.38%。两鹅群中具有共同的标记H0 30 7对活重、屠体重和全净膛重的影响显著 ;具共同的互作标记组合对特定性状有显著效应 :H0 70 2与G14 0 2的互作对活重、H190 2与H190 8的互作对翅重有显著效应。     

对我国畜牧信息服务业运行机制的研究

本文在论述了加强我国畜牧信息服务业运行机制研究必要性的基础上，对影响我国畜牧信息服务业发展的专业数据库建设及专业数据库建设缓慢的原因等因素进行了分析，对加快我国畜牧信息服务业发展的专业数据库建设、畜牧业信息服务与相关事务处理业务相结合、关注集团用户的信息需求等运行机制进行了相关的研究，对我国畜牧信息服务业的建设与发展有重要的意义。     

Excel在动物营养专业研究生的专业课教学中的应用

动物营养专业的研究生需要掌握的饲料配方的配制方法。本文介绍在教学中如何利用Excel采用线性规划法和试差法自己设计饲料配方。     

贵州中药材淫羊藿病虫害种类调查

2010～2012年采用定点踏查、普查和定时系统调查的方式对贵州淫羊藿中药材的病虫害种类进行了调查。结果表明,贵州淫羊藿共有常见病虫害12种,其中病害主要为淫羊藿叶褐斑枯病(Macrophoma sp.)、淫羊藿皱缩病毒病、淫羊藿锈病(Puccinia sp.)、淫羊藿白粉病(Oidium sp.)、淫羊藿生理性红叶病和淫羊藿根肿病(Plasmodiophora sp.);虫害为中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)、短额负蝗(Atractomorpha xinensis)、淫羊藿尺蠖和沫蝉;其他2种为螨类和鼠害。     

解读英国动物福利法完善我国动物福利立法

英国动物福利法以关注物质利益和精神利益为原则。立法者特有的立法理念及非政府民间保护组织的积极推动影响着立法原则。英国的立法经验对于我国动物保护法、动物福利法的制定有着相当积极的借鉴意义。     

Insect herbivores and pathogens of Alnus species in Uganda

Published documentation of insect pests and pathogens associated with Alnus species in Africa is very scarce. We surveyed damaging insects and pathogens, and arthropod natural enemies on Alnus acuminata and A. nepalensis in Kabale and Mbale districts, Uganda between March 1999 and August 2000 in order to identify the range and relative abundance of arthropods and pathogens associated with the Alnus species. Frequently encountered damaging insects on the Alnus species included Apis mellifera, Apion globulipenne, a Systates sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Phymateus viridipes, a Lobotrachelus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Coloborrtics corticina and some Chrysomelidae. Some species such as Aphis fabae, Parastictococcus multispinosus and a Cacopsylla sp. (Homoptera: Psyllidae) were observed feeding on other agroforestry tree species and/or crops although they generally occurred at low population intensities. Spiders and parasitic Hymenoptera were the most common natural enemies. Diseases were more severe in nurseries than in the field. Damping-off caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Septoria brown leaf spot and stem canker were the most serious diseases of Alnus. The array of damaging insects and pathogens indicates a potential danger to the cultivation of Alnus species in Uganda as adoption of the species for agroforestry continues to expand in the country. In view of the increasing demand for Alnus species for agroforestry in Uganda, regular pest monitoring and appropriate control strategies are necessary.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

几种常见桑树病害的识别与防治

桑树是蚕桑产业的重要物质基础。为确保桑树健康成长,促进产业发展,桑树病害的有效识别与及时防控尤为重要。真核微生物、原核微生物及非细胞类病毒中均存在能引发桑树传染性病害的病原微生物。其中由真核微生物引起的桑里白粉病与桑椹菌核病,原核微生物引起的桑青枯病与桑疫病是爆发频繁、危害极大的桑树病害。本文就这四种桑树病害的病原、侵染循环、病害识别及防治方法等进行系统梳理,并简要介绍几种非细胞类微生物引起的桑树病害,以期为生产上防治相关病害提供参考。