A型、C型肉毒毒素对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的诱变性研究

应用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌4种组氨酸缺陷型菌株TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102的诱变试验来研究A型、C型肉毒毒素的诱变作用。A型、C型肉毒毒素通过点试法、渗入法（-S9和＋S9）及液体预保温培养法检测，结果均为阴性，说明A型、C型肉毒毒素对原核细胞无诱变性。     

Phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of soils from an abandoned uranium mine area

The great number of abandoned uranium mines within the Portuguese territory led to the production of specific legislation establishing the rehabilitation of these areas and the definition of those requiring prior intervention. Cunha Baixa uranium mine (Mangualde, Central Portugal) was one of these areas and a site-specific risk assessment is being carried out for this mine, following European frameworks. In this study the Ames test with soil elutriates, and emergence and growth assays with Lactuca sativa L. and Zea mays L. were performed to assess soil retention and habitat functions. Levels of metals bioaccumulated in plant tissues, grown above soil surface, during the assays, were determined as well. No genotoxic effects were recorded for soil eluates (1:10 and 1:2, m/v) except for site F within the mine area, which is under the effluence of runoffs from the effluent treatment pond. Nevertheless, most of all were highly toxic to Salmonella typhimurium (especially for TA98) strains, used in the assay. The results gathered suggested that during the natural process of soil percolation by rainwater, the leachates yielded are contributing with toxic but no genotoxic metals to underground water resources. Phytotoxicity assays demonstrated that soil habitat function was compromised in almost all the sampling sites selected within the mine area. These results have clearly demonstrated how evaluations based on extractable metal concentrations may underestimate the risks of contaminated soils. Lettuce was the most sensitive species probably due to the great ability of this species in accumulating high concentrations of metals in their aboveground tissues. The highest bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) values were recorded for this species namely for Co (16.5), Cu (28.5), Ba (7.3), Sr (7.2) and Ni (6.1). Copper (9.0) and nickel (3.6) were the main elements bioaccumulated by maize. The dilution of mine soils with a local reference soil has proved to mitigate its toxicity in almost all the sites analysed.     

代森锰原药的致突变性试验研究

[目的]探讨代森锰原药的致突变性。[方法]用KM小鼠进行小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验,以及鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变（Ames）试验。[结果]在小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验中．阴性对照组与阳性对照组比较,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;各剂量组与阴性对照组比较,差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）,且均低于阳性对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。在Ames试验中,4株试验菌在0．1～1．0mg／皿的试验剂量下（活化或非活化）均没有引起自发回变数2倍增加。[结论]根据《农药登记毒理学试验方法》中的评定标准,小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验（Ames试验）在所选剂量范围内结果均为阴性,代森锰原药未呈现致突变性。     

橘皮素乙酰酯致突变性研究

橘皮素乙酰酯是搐皮素结构改造后获得的衍生物，是一种新型杀螨药物，通过Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验，考察了橘皮素乙酰酯的致突变性。结果：在活化与非活化条件下，诱发TA97、TA98、TAl00和TAl02的回变菌落数与自发回变菌落数相近，无剂量反应关系；各试验组微核率(2．20‰～2．40‰)与阴性(2．00‰)和溶剂对照组(1．88‰)相近；精子畸形率(2．48％～2．72％)与阴性(2．36％)和溶剂对照组(2．06％)比较也无显著差异。表明橘皮素乙酰酯无致突变性．     

新疆维药阿里红液体发酵培养基优化研究

浸粉0.3;、蛋白胨0.75;、酵母浸粉0.5;.经12 d发酵,每50 mL发酵液菌体干重和胞外粗多糖含量最高可达65.4和77.7 mg.     

乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒的毒理安全性研究

[目的]为判定聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒对人体健康是否产生危害,进行了聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒的安全性毒理学评价。[方法]采用急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核实验、微小鼠精子畸形试验和30 d喂养试验对聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒急性毒性、致突变性以及亚慢性毒性进行了研究。[结果]聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒小鼠急性毒性试验LD50大于20.0 g/(kg.bw),属实际无毒;对基因、体细胞与生殖细胞无明显致突作用;受试物分别按1.00、2.00、4.00 g/(kg.bw)的剂量喂养大鼠30 d,结果表明动物未出现异常。[结论]根据试验结果,可判定聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒为安全性食品。     

Butylhydroxyanisol (BHA), butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and ethoxyquin (EMQ) tested for mutagenicity.

The antioxydants butylhydroxyanisol (BHA), butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and ethoxyquin (EMQ) were tested for mutagenicity in the so-called “Ames test”. The test was performed with and without the addition of microsomal mixed function oxidase system from rat liver. The compounds were found not to be mutagenic in this test. At high concentration of BHA and EMQ toxic effects on the growth of the bacteria were observed.     

对虾保鲜剂急性毒性和致突变作用研究

采用霍恩氏法进行对虾保鲜剂对小白鼠的急性毒性试验研究,结果表明:对虾保鲜剂对雌雄小鼠半数致死量(LD50值)>10g/kg体重,毒性分级属实际无毒级。在加与不加代谢活化系统(S-9)的条件下,利用4个组氨酸营养缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株(TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102),采用平板渗入进行鼠伤寒沙门氏菌哺乳动物微粒体酶试验(Salmonella typhimurium mammals microsomal enzyme test,Ames),研究对虾保鲜剂的致突变作用,结果表明:对虾保鲜剂对4个菌株诱发的回变菌落数与阴性对照组的回变菌落数之间没有显著差异(P>0.05),均未超过阴性对照组2倍,Ames试验结果为阴性,表明对虾保鲜剂对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌无直接和间接致突变作用。     

新疆维药阿里红液体发酵工艺条件研究

[目的]确定新疆稀有药用拟层孔菌阿里红(Fomes officinalis Ames)液体发酵生产胞外多糖最佳实验室工艺条件.[方法]采用单因素及正交试验对光照、培养基初始pH、装液量、培养温度、转速、培养方式等条件进行了研究.[结果]通过研究得出最佳发酵条件为:采用YM发酵培养基,起始pH 6.0,培养温度20℃,装液量75 mL/500 mL三角瓶、摇床转速180 r/min,在避光条件下,采用间隔时间为4 h的静置震荡交替培养.[结论] 采用最佳发酵工艺,经12 d发酵,发酵液中菌丝体干重和胞外粗多糖可分别达1.36和1.60 mg/m L.     

"神蜂"牌J9311蜂胶囊对血脂的影响及对遗传安全性研究

本实验通过标准试验动物模型进行神蜂牌J9311蜂胶胶囊药效学研究结果显示:与对照组大鼠相比,J9311蜂胶胶囊低中高各剂量组均可使大鼠血清TC值降低(P＜0.05),证明蜂胶及蜂王浆等混合制剂确实具有较好调节血脂的作用.同时还对其进行动物遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)结果均为阴性,表明该品在生物学上是安全可靠的.