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61.
不同配置模式沙柳林内沙柳生物量模型的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
文章以内蒙古东胜区泊江海镇覆沙地3种配置模式沙柳林为研究对象,在典型样地内采取样株法,采用SPSS、EXCEL等统计软件对数据进行回归分析,建立沙柳灌丛生物量与各测树因子的回归模型得出:沙柳冠幅直径、灌丛高度的组合和萌条数与生物量的相关性较高。低密度、中密度沙柳纯林和柠条沙柳混交林内沙柳灌丛地上生物量最优模型依次为:w=13.612-4.778(D2H)+0.748(D2H)2、w=1.408×e(0.027N)和w=-0.468+0.236N-0.001N2。用复相关系数、样本均方、均方比对模型进行评价、优化和适合性检验,拟合效果均较好。  相似文献   
62.
三江平原沼泽湿地芦苇种群生产与分配的季节动态   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
三江平原芦苇湿地在5~10月的生长季节中,种群不同构件生物量季节动态变化存在明显差异.研究结果表明:叶鞘和叶的生物量最大值分别出现在6月、7月;而茎秆生物量和芦苇种群地上部生物量最大值则出现在8月;地下部根状茎的生物量变化与上述截然相反,最大值出现在生长季节始、末期,7月生物量最小;不定根生物量在8月达到最大值;同化器官和非同化器官生物量的比值具有明显的季节动态变化.相关分析表明,芦苇种群地上部生物量和地下部生物量呈负相关关系.  相似文献   
63.
在我国要实行最严格水资源管理制度,严格控制用水总量、用水效率和纳污排污,治水思路从供水管理向需水管理进一步转变的政策背景下,对山东省菏泽市规划水平年2020年水资源进行优化配置研究,诊断出缺水行业和原因,针对性地指出了菏泽市政府在水资源开发利用过程中存在的管理问题,对其进行对策分析与研究,以期为政府决策提供参考。  相似文献   
64.
    
The genetic identification of the population of origin of individuals, including animals, has several practical applications in forensics, evolution, conservation genetics, breeding and authentication of animal products. Commercial high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping tools that have been recently developed in many species provide information from a large number of polymorphic sites that can be used to identify population‐/breed‐informative markers. In this study, starting from Illumina BovineSNP50 v1 BeadChip array genotyping data available from 3711 cattle of four breeds (2091 Italian Holstein, 738 Italian Brown, 475 Italian Simmental and 407 Marchigiana), principal component analysis (PCA) and random forests (RFs) were combined to identify informative SNP panels useful for cattle breed identification. From a PCA preselected list of 580 SNPs, RFs were computed using ranking methods (Mean Decrease in the Gini Index and Mean Accuracy Decrease) to identify the most informative 48 and 96 SNPs for breed assignment. The out‐of‐bag (OOB) error rate for both ranking methods and SNP densities ranged from 0.0 to 0.1% in the reference population. Application of this approach in a test population (10% of individuals pre‐extracted from the whole data set) achieved 100% of correct assignment with both classifiers. Linkage disequilibrium between selected SNPs was relevant (r2 > 0.6) only in few pairs of markers indicating that most of the selected SNPs captured different fractions of variance. Several informative SNPs were in genes/QTL regions that affect or are associated with phenotypes or production traits that might differentiate the investigated breeds. The combination of PCA and RF to perform SNP selection and breed assignment can be easily implemented and is able to identify subsets of informative SNPs useful for population assignment starting from a large number of markers derived by high‐throughput genotyping platforms.  相似文献   
65.
    

Vegetative growth and freezing tolerance of two genotypes of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) collected at Svalbard (latitude 78°;39' N, longitude 16°;23' E) were studied in a daylight phytotron at controlled temperature and humidity. For comparison, two genotypes of a new Norwegian cultivar, Norstar, and one genotype of the cultivar AberHerald were included in the experiments. The genotypes from Svalbard gave higher dry-matter yields than the genotypes of Norstar, and one of them also exceeded the AberHerald genotype in dry-matter production at the temperatures studied, constant 12°;C and alternating 15 9°;C and 12 6°;C (12 12 h). The genotypes from Svalbard were more tolerant of freezing than all the other genotypes. After a successive hardening treatment at 6°;C and 0.5°;C they obtained LT 50 values (temperature for 50% survival) of -16°;C. The origin of these genotypes is not known, but their high productivity and freezing tolerance may make them useful for further breeding of white clover for marginal conditions.  相似文献   
66.
    

The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions.  相似文献   
67.
基于萨缪尔森条件及供给-需求模型,采用SSM信息准则及动态主成分对财政分权、教育产出及受益指标进行优化,对江西省农村义务教育配置效率进行了实证研究.研究发现,来自上级政府的转移支付更多地流向经济相对领先的地区;在农村义务教育供给普遍短缺的情况下,提高地区财政分权度产生了两个方向的结果,一些地区农村义务教育配置效率提高,而另一些地区则导致配置效率降低;相关变量分析表明,农业市场化对农村义务教育受益程度具有负面影响,而农民收入的提高有助于增强农村对有限公共产品的偏好与能力,从而提高义务教育配置效率.  相似文献   
68.
局部湿润方式下玉米对不同根区氮素的吸收与分配   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
采用分根装置,对均匀灌水、固定灌水和交替灌水3种方式下,于1/2根区设施(15NH4)2SO4的处理;另1/2根区施入等量的 (14NH4)2SO4,研究玉米不同根区氮素的吸收与分配特征。结果表明,处理15、20、40 d时,玉米累积15N肥料氮量表现为,固定灌水下15N施在灌水区分别是非灌水区的2.37、2.95和3.41倍;交替灌水下15N施在先灌水区是后灌水区的1.57、1.08和1.06倍。作物自不同根区土壤或肥料吸收氮素占总吸氮量的百分数表明,交替灌水时,不同根区有同等贡献;固定灌水时,作物吸收的氮素绝大部分来自灌水区。根系的氮素吸收速率和根长均表现为,交替灌水两根区趋于相同;固定灌水的非灌水区明显小于灌水区,表明吸收速率和根长对作物吸收氮素都有重要作用。处理40d时,玉米各部分累积15N肥料氮占根区总吸收量百分数为地上部:均匀灌水交替灌水固定灌水;14N区根系:15N施在固定灌水的非灌水区其他4个处理;15N区根系:15N施在固定灌水的灌水区固定灌水的非灌水区和交替灌水任一根区均匀灌水。说明局部供水使根系的氮素分配明显增多,地上部减少;两种局部灌水所不同的是,固定灌水时,氮素向灌水区根系的分配大于非灌水区,交替灌水时,两根区相近。  相似文献   
69.
采用数据包络分析(DEA)方法,对2006—2015年甘肃省域及市域的农业资源配置效率进行了分析。结果表明,配置效率的阶段性波动特征明显,随时间的推进而逐步升高并趋向稳定。配置效率的相对有效性总体较高的年份居多,配置效率针对政策的实施具有相对滞后效应。配置效率在地区间呈现不平衡发展状态。在农业生产投入要素配置中冗余情况仍然存在,农业资源配置的技术效率与综合效率的变化具有同步性。  相似文献   
70.
This paper focuses on irrigation schemes under rotational water supply in arid and semiarid regions. It presents a methodology for developing plans for optimum allocation of land area and water, considering performance measures such as productivity, equity and adequacy. These irrigation schemes are characterized by limited water supply and heterogeneity in soils, crops, climate and water distribution network, etc. The methodology proposed in this paper, therefore, uses a previously developed simulation–optimization model (Area and Water Allocation Model, AWAM) that considers the heterogeneity of the irrigation scheme in the allocation process, and modifies this to take account of equity and adequacy of supply to irrigated areas. The AWAM model has four phases to be executed separately for each set of irrigation interval over the irrigation season: 1. generation of irrigation strategies for each crop–soil–region combination (CSR unit), 2. preparation of irrigation programmes for each irrigation strategy, 3. selection of specified number of irrigation programmes for each CSR unit and 4. optimum allocation of land area and water to different parts of the irrigation scheme (allocation units) for maximizing productivity. In the modified AWAM model, the adequacy is included at Phase-2 (by including only the irrigation programmes for full irrigation of each CSR unit) and equity is included at Phase-4 (by including the constraints for equity). The paper briefly discusses the applicability of the modified AWAM model for a case study of Nazare medium irrigation scheme in Southern India. The results of the case study indicated that the performance measures of productivity, equity and adequacy conflict with each other.  相似文献   
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