山西小麦育成品种农艺性状演变趋势及关联分析

为了解山西省小麦种质资源的产量和农艺性状特征,以山西省建国以来审定品种为材料,在系统获得抽穗期、小穗数、千粒重、穗粒数、株高、穗长、穗颈长、穗下节间、沟数、分蘖、旗叶面积、旗叶长、旗叶宽等17个农艺性状表型数据基础上,进行农艺性状演变趋势及关联分析。结果表明,在育种过程中不同性状的变异程度不同,其中穗颈长的变异系数最高,小穗数的变异系数最低;随着品种选育时间变化,农艺性状也随之发生变化。株型方面,平均株高由110～120 cm降低到75～90 cm,整体株型得到明显改进,由高秆披叶变为矮杆直叶,受光状态显著改善;产量性状方面,分蘖数趋于稳定,千粒重、穗粒数和小穗数不断提高;小穗数和穗粒数与千粒重相关性未达到显著水平,穗粒数与小穗数呈显著正相关,说明在山西省小麦发展历程中小穗数和穗粒数有协同提高趋势。关联分析发现33个SSR标记与农艺性状显著关联,单个标记对表型变异的解释率为5.6%～25.3%,这些标记可为分子标记辅助育种提供理论参考。     

Genetic variation of seedling traits responded to brassinosteroid and gibberellin inhibitors in maize (Zea mays) doubled haploid lines

The purpose of this study was to examine the genotypic variation in maize doubled haploid (DH) lines response to brassinosteroid and gibberellin inhibitors. Plant responses to hormone inhibitors were determined in growth chamber experiments using germination paper for three different seedling treatments: application of propiconazole (Pcz), uniconazole (Ucz) or water (control). Mesocotyl length (ML) was more sensitive to hormone inhibitors, especially to the Ucz treatment, than other seedling traits. ML was significantly correlated with other traits in the Ucz treatment. All the seedling traits showed moderate-to-high broad sense heritability values, ranging from 0.39 to 0.82. The Euclidian genetic distances of inbred line pairs ranged from 1.27 to 19.94, indicating there was a high level of variability across the maize DH lines used in this study. DH lines with extreme MLs were identified, which can provide valuable breeding resources for improving abiotic stress tolerance, and for further genetic studies.     

云南籽粒苋种质资源的表型多样性分析

为了系统分析云南籽粒苋种质资源的表型遗传多样性。采用遗传多样性指数、主成分分析、相关分析和聚类分析对104份云南籽粒苋种质资源的30个表型性状进行研究。结果表明,遗传多样性指数最高的质量性状和数量性状分别是主花序形状(1.68)和主花序长度(2.07)。前10个主成分累计贡献率达到73.944%,单株鲜体重与第3、第6、第9主成分极显著正相关,单株粒重与第9主成分极显著正相关。聚类分析将104份种质划分为5类,第Ⅰ类群可为间套种亲本材料,第Ⅱ和Ⅲ类群可为大粒亲本材料,第Ⅳ类群可为优质饲用亲本材料,第Ⅴ类群可为观赏类亲本材料。云南籽粒苋种质资源表型性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,有较大的开发利用潜力。     

行星变速机构换挡变胞与其构态属性自动识别

针对数学表征行星变速机构换挡变胞过程及自动识别各挡位构态属性较难的问题,首先,解析了行星变速机构变胞理论,基于机构转换法定义相对转速意义下行星排构件间运动副约束函数的转换规则,构建以约束函数为元素的行星变速机构构件和关联关系的邻接矩阵;然后,根据换挡逻辑分析了操纵离合器和制动器的换挡变胞过程,基于邻接矩阵分别推导这两种换挡构态演变的变胞方程,建立包含行星排空转和整体回转等特殊构态的判别准则,结合实例分析揭示换挡变胞机理;最后,通过建立相对转速方程和行星变速机构特性参数识别,结合行星变速机构等效拓扑模型的约束条件,提出了基于构态变胞方程的行星变速机构传动比和转矩自动建模和求解方法,实现了行星变速机构各挡位构态属性的自动识别。以某拖拉机行星变速器为例进行了分析,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

湖南省生姜资源主要农艺性状鉴定评价

研究旨在对湖南省47份生姜种质资源的15个数量性状和10个质量性状进行分析,以期探索湖南省各地生姜资源间的亲缘关系及变异特性,为湖南省生姜种质评价与新品种创制提供理论依据。用Excel及SPSS等对调查收集的农艺性状进行分析,结果表明,湖南省生姜资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,变异系数范围为13.22%~40.13%;聚类分析中,47份生姜资源分为2类4个亚组,其中第I类群的41份资源为密苗型资源,第II类群的6份资源为疏苗型资源,亚组I和亚组IV近似纺锤状;亚组II和亚组III近似灯泡状;主成分分析中,提取出的3个主成分累计贡献率达83.078%,分别命名为高产型形态因子、低产型形态因子和产量的叶部因子;相关性分析中,根状茎、株形、地上茎、子姜、叶部等形态因子与根状茎质量呈极显著正相关,分枝数和主茎叶数与根状茎质量呈极显著负相关,表明植株高大,分枝少,地上茎粗壮,根状茎、子姜粗长的品种单株根状茎质量相对更高;通径分析中,主茎叶数、分枝数对根状茎质量的直接通径系数为负,而根状茎、地上茎粗、子姜长、株高等对根状茎质量的直接通径系数为正,表明在一定范围内,生姜植株高大、地上茎秆粗壮、分枝少、叶片较少,根状茎粗长、子姜长的生姜品种具有高产潜力。该试验解析了湖南省生姜资源各主要农艺性状对根状茎质量形成的贡献大小,为更好地指导湖南省生姜生产提供了理论依据。     

水稻突变体W33高位分蘖特性利用价值研究

为探讨水稻突变体材料W33高位分蘖特性在水稻育种上的利用价值。以野生型水稻恢复系R818及其高节位分蘖突变体W33为试验材料,用盆栽试验研究R818和W33的植株、分蘖和穗部性状差异,用大田栽培控制性试验比较R818和W33分蘖、产量构成性状及子粒产量差异,测得参试材料各性状数据。结果表明,生长前期W33和R818株高、主茎叶均长无明显差异,中后期二者株高、主茎叶均长渐显显著或极显著差异;W33单株平均分蘖数是R818的7.5~8.8倍,平均有效穗数是R818的8.6倍,分蘖平均成穗率与R818相当,但单穗穗长、枝梗数和着粒数明显低于R818,而千粒重与R818无明显差异;W33和R818单株籽粒产量均随密度增大而降低,并以最低密度条件下最高,最高密度条件下最低;尽管W33单穗产量明显低于R818,但在相同栽插密度条件下,W33和R818群体产量差异不显著(F=3.7868<F_0.05,1,4);在一定密度范围内,W33能充分发挥其旺盛的分蘖力和较高的成穗率优势,以弥补单穗产量较低的缺陷,其群体产量最终达到与R818相当的水平。说明W33旺盛的分蘖力和较高的分蘖成穗率特性在水稻育种上具有一定的利用价值。     

盐碱胁迫对甜菜光合物质积累及产量的影响

【目的】分析盐碱胁迫对甜菜光合物质积累及产量的影响,研究盐碱胁迫对甜菜生长发育影响的过程,为甜菜抗盐碱栽培提供理论依据。【方法】采用室外盆栽方法,按照NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃∶NaHCO₃=1∶9∶1∶9比例配制成1 mol/L的混合盐碱溶液,各处理Na⁺浓度分别为0、0.5%、0.8%及1.0%,以甜菜品种HI0135、SD12830和MA11-8为材料,测定盐碱胁迫下甜菜的农艺性状、净光合速率(Pn)、生物量积累及产量。【结果】随着盐碱胁迫浓度的增加,HI0135的相关性状表现为先升高后下降,0~0.5%盐碱胁迫浓度对甜菜生长发育、光合物质生产及产量有促进作用;SD12830和MA11-8甜菜表现为持续抑制。【结论】HI0135甜菜品种在盐碱胁迫浓度为0.5%时表现出一定促进作用,对盐碱环境有较强的适应性。     

Identification of SNPs and expression patterns of FZD3 gene and its effect on wool traits in Chinese Merino sheep(Xinjiang Type)

As a member of the Frizzled family, Frizzled3(FZD3) is a receptor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays a vital role in mammalian hair follicle developmental processes. However, its effects on wool traits are not clear. The objectives of this study were to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and the expression patterns of FZD3 gene, and then to determine whether it affected wool traits of Chinese Merino sheep(Xinjiang Type) or not. PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) and sequencing were used to identify mutation loci, and general linear model(GLM) with SAS 9.1 was used for the association analysis between wool traits and SNPs. Quantitative real-time PCR(q RTPCR) was used to investigate FZD3 gene expression levels. The results showed that six exons of FZD3 gene were amplified and two mutation loci were identified in exon 1(NC_019459.2: g.101771685 TC(SNP1)) and exon 3(NC_019459.2: g.101810848, AC(SNP2)), respectively. Association analysis showed that SNP1 was significantly associated with mean fiber diameter(MFD)(P=0.04) and live weight(LW)(P=0.0004), SNP2 was significantly associated with greasy fleece weight(GFW)(P=0.04). The expression level of FZD3 gene in skin tissues of the superfine wool(SF) group was significantly lower(P0.05) than that of the fine wool(F) group. Moreover, it had a higher expression level(P0.01) in skin tissues than in other tissues of Chinese Merino ewes. While, its expression level had a fluctuant expression in skin tissues at different developmental stages of embryos and born lambs, with the highest expression levels(P0.01) at the 65 th day of embryos. Our study revealed the genetic relationship between FZD3 variants and wool traits and two identified SNPs might serve as potential and valuable genetic markers for sheep breeding and lay a molecular genetic foundation for sheep markerassisted selection(MAS).     

淮南麻黄鸡的提纯选择

淮南麻黄鸡原始群10只公鸡与75只母鸡交配所得子一代杂色羽率33.25%,白耳率7.27%,杂色喙率和杂色脚率分别只有3.64%和4.15%。表明原始群羽色基因纯合程度很低,耳色基因纯合程度较低,而喙、脚色基因纯合程度较高。经提纯选择后得予二、三代上述四个外貌性状分离比率分别降低到24.05%、0、2.75%、3.09%和17.25%、0、1.92%、2.24%。     

陆地棉杂种F1代主要经济性状的通径分析

以陆地棉品种间杂交的 2 8个组合为对象 ,研究分析了F1 代主要经济性状的优势表现 ,并对F1 代中的 6个主要经济性状进行了通径分析。结果表明 :杂种F1 代中皮棉产量、单株铃数、单铃重和衣分都有较强的优势表现 ;对皮棉产量直接作用较大的性状为衣分、单株铃数和单铃重 ,且它们间的相关都达到显著水平 ;同时F1 代纤维品质与皮棉产量间的负相关已经不同程度地被打破。因此在F1 代中选择时要协调好产量三要素间的关系 ,也可以通过对单铃重的选择来协调产量和品质间的矛盾。