农民信息意识对农民行为的影响分析——以江苏省仪征市为例

农民的信息意识决定农民对科技信息的采纳行为。文章通过对江苏省仪征市11个乡镇的实地调查结果,将农民信息意识划分为信息认知、信息情感、信息行为倾向三个发展阶段,总结概括出弱信息意识被动型、弱信息意识主导型以及强信息意识主导型三种农民信息意识对农民行为的影响机制。在此基础上,提出了四种从农民信息意识出发引导农民行为改变的模式:科技培训模式、行为诱导模式、专业化服务模式以及市场化服务模式。     

埋植Revalor对秦川阉牛肉用性能的作用

 将40头约13月龄的秦川阉牛按体重分为10个单位组，每组4头，其中1头作对照，3头埋植Pevalor，经过89天肥育试验后进行屠宰和肉脂品质测定。结果表明，Revalor显著降低了血清脲氮含量，极显著提高了血清谷草转氨酶活性；使得秦川阉牛日增重和饲料报酬分别提高19.2%和17.8%，增加了胴体瘦肉量，减少了脂肪沉积；提高了胴体蛋白含量，明显改变了脂肪组织的脂肪酸组成，但对肌肉中17种水解氨基酸含量无明显影响。Revalor对秦川阉牛行为有一定的不良影响，使得争斗和爬跨活动频繁，逃跑距离增大，但并不严重，不足以构成饲养管理上的困难。     

松嫩平原人工羊草草地放牧绒山羊牧食行为

选取6只2.5岁体重相近而且健康的内蒙古白绒山羊(羯羊、母羊各3只),置于1hrm2人工羊草草地围栏内放牧以观察春、夏、秋、冬四季放牧山羊的行为节律、牧食行为,并计算每天干物质采食量.结果表明:抽穗期羊优先采食草穗,春季过后穗的残余率仅有4.4％;采食速度表现为夏季＞秋季＞春、冬季(P＜0.05);采食时间占方面时间的比例表现为春、秋＞冬、夏季.每口采食量的季节变化趋势大体为春、夏、冬＞秋季(P＜0.05);夏季羊的日采食量最高,其次为春、秋,冬季采食量最低(P＜0.05);同一季节内羯羊的日采食量始终高于母羊(P＜0.05);春、夏、秋季放牧山羊均有3个进食高峰,分别发生在出牧后约0.5h、午后约0.5h、归牧前2h左右,上午采食量低于下午(P＜0.05).冬季一般上午、下午各一个采食高峰;本试验未发现放牧绒山羊扒食草根的现象,但在卧倒休息或反刍前有扒草、扒土整理休息地的习性,未发现放牧山羊行为节律和采食速度的性别差异.     

Stress exposure during the preimplantation period affects blastocyst lineages and offspring development

We found retardation of preimplantation embryo growth after exposure to maternal restraint stress during the preimplantation period in our previous study. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of preimplantation maternal restraint stress on the distribution of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells in mouse blastocysts, and its possible effect on physiological development of offspring. We exposed spontaneously ovulating female mice to restraint stress for 30 min three times a day during the preimplantation period, and this treatment caused a significant increase in blood serum corticosterone concentration. Microscopic evaluation of embryos showed that restraint stress significantly decreased cell counts per blastocyst. Comparing the effect of restraint stress on the two blastocyst cell lineages, we found that the reduction in TE cells was more substantial than the reduction in ICM cells, which resulted in an increased ICM/TE ratio in blastocysts isolated from stressed dams compared with controls. Restraint stress reduced the number of implantation sites in uteri, significantly delayed eye opening in delivered mice, and altered their behavior in terms of two parameters (scratching on the base of an open field test apparatus, time spent in central zone) as well. Moreover, prenatally stressed offspring had significantly lower body weights and in 5-week old females delivered from stressed dams, fat deposits were significantly lower. Our results indicate that exposure to stress during very early pregnancy can have a negative impact on embryonic development with consequences reaching into postnatal life.     

舍饲周岁波尔山羊行为习性观察

对4只舍饲周岁波尔山羊进行连续5昼夜行为习性观察,结果表明:周岁波尔山羊在舍饲情况下,每昼夜反刍时间为431.5±48.73min,睡眠时间为381.0±8.04min,采食时间为333.0±43.16min,其他行为时间为64.0±5.23min,自由活动时间为230.5±39.92min。反刍与采食时间比为1.3∶1.0。反刍、睡眠多发生在夜间,采食多发生在白天。白天排粪、排尿次数多于黑夜。     

Behavioral, morphological deformities and biomarkers of oxidative damage as indicators of sublethal cypermethrin intoxication on the tadpoles of D. melanostictus (Schneider, 1799)

Concerns have been raised that the amphibian larval stages are particularly at risk and may be vulnerable to adverse effects of pesticides. The present study reports acute toxicity of cypermethrin at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h through static renewal bioassay test for Duttaphrynus melanostictus. The LC₅₀ values were 5.15, 4.55, 3.95, and 3.34 μg/L for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h respectively. At sublethal concentration (0.33 μg/L) behavioral, morphological and biochemical changes were studied. The behavioral and morphological anomalies observed in the present study are typical signs of cyano pyrethroid poisoning. Significant changes were observed in total, soluble, and structural proteins. The depletion of all the protein fractions observed in this investigation led to progressive protein oxidation and catabolism of proteins. Decreased protein level has resulted in a marked elevation of free amino acid levels at all time intervals. The induction of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase activities and elevation in the levels of hydrogen peroxide, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde eventually lead to oxidative damage of biomolecules, showing that the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are involved in the toxicity induced by cypermethrin. Indicating increased susceptibility of tadpoles. Thus, an exposure to cypermethrin at sublethal concentration had catastrophic effect on tadpoles of D. melanostictus.     

观光农业园中游人行为与景观的关系研究——以深圳某观光农业园为例

主要以行为心理学为理论基础,通过对深圳某观光农业园进行实地调查,观察游人在园中的分布情况及所进行的活动,分析游人的行为倾向和其发生的背景环境之间内在的关系,以探讨观光农业园吸引游人的景观元素,了解游人潜在的行为需求,对以后观光农业园的景观设计如何更好地满足游人的行为需求有所帮助。     

一氧化氮对三角涡虫运动和摄食行为的影响

通过建立不同的培养条件,分别在含有外源性L-精氨酸(L-Arg)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂N-硝基-L精氨酸甲酯(N-nitro-L-ar-ginine methyl ester,L-NAME)以及外源性亚硝基铁氰化钠的培养液中对三角涡虫进行阶段培养,运用图像分析技术对三角涡虫的摄食行为进行动态追踪。经各项数据的统计与分析,认为NO对三角涡虫的摄食以及运动等行为都有一定程度的影响。     

Competition Horses Housed in Single Stalls (I): Behavior and Activity Patterns during Free Exercise According to Its Configuration

Although welfare of animals has become more important, housing horses in systems that limit natural behavior patterns is still widespread. Single stalls are the predominant housing system in Germany, especially for competition horses. Free exercise on fields or paddocks helps to improve welfare for the animals, but allowing it is not taken for granted by many horse keepers. In the present study, three common management practices were investigated with regard to their effect on the behavior of six competition horses housed in single stalls: 2-hour turnout after training in groups of two horses (group turnout [GT]), solitary turnout (ST) after training for 2 hours, and no turnout (NT) in addition to training. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the horses’ behavior during turnout, training, and in the stable caused by the treatments. This article focuses on the behavior and activity patterns during turnout. The horses’ behavior was observed directly by the scan sampling method (5-minute interval), and the distance covered during turnout was measured by global positioning system devices. During turnout, the horses spent most of the time eating. After 1 hour of being turned out, eating decreased, and occupation, locomotion, and social interaction increased. When turnout was allowed in groups (GT), the horses spent more time in social interactions and less time walking and trotting than in ST. Therefore, they also covered a greater distance in ST than in GT. The distance covered in ST also showed a greater deviation both within and between days compared with GT.     

果子狸在家养条件下行为再塑的研究

本文对５１只从野外捕获的野生果子狸进行了６年的人工驯化,观察了在家养条件下行为再塑的时间,以及领域空间,栖息地再造和操作行为现塑的影响。