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71.
基于余江县中部地区土壤密集采样点,通过重采样获得4个集聚度样点分布等级,每个等级取5个重复,其分布VMR均值(样方分析中的样点数变差–均值比)分别为0.13、0.83、1.49和2.16,利用普通克里金(OK)和结合土地利用信息的克里金(KLU)方法对土壤全氮(STN)含量进行空间预测,并通过验证样点比较了4种集聚度采样点的STN空间预测精度,以揭示土壤采样点集聚度对STN空间预测精度的影响。研究结果表明:通过两预测方法得到的验证点实测值与预测值散点图的相关系数(r)均随采样点集聚度的增加而降低,其中OK方法的r值由0.400降低至0.142,KLU方法的r值由0.718降低至0.542;两方法的预测平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)随着集聚度的增加均呈现增加趋势,OK和KLU方法的MAE分别又由0.49和0.33增加至0.61和0.44,RMSE则分别由0.56和0.39增加到0.65和0.47。表明在土壤采样点数量相同的前提下,采样点的空间集聚度越低,即样点分布越均匀,克里金方法的预测精度越高,这说明对STN进行空间预测时,基于规则网格的采样点更有利于克里金方法的空间估算;同时,采样点空间集聚度对不同克里金方法预测精度的影响也存在差异,对KLU方法的影响大于OK方法。 相似文献
72.
73.
Response of soil physical properties to tillage and residue management on two soils in a cool temperate environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In view of their potential benefits, reduced or no tillage (NT) systems are being advocated worldwide. Concerns about impairment of some soil conditions, however, cast doubt on their unqualified acceptance. We evaluated the effects of 6 years of tillage and residue management on bulk density, penetration resistance, aggregation and infiltration rate of a Black Chernozem at Innisfail (loam, 65 g kg−1 organic matter, Udic Boroll) and a Gray Luvisol at Rimbey (loam, 31 g kg−1 organic matter, Boralf) cropped to monoculture spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a cool temperate climate in Alberta, Canada. Tillage systems were no tillage and tillage with rototilling (T), and two residue levels were straw removed (−S) and straw retained (+S). Bulk density (BD) of the 0–7.5 and 7.5–15 cm depths was significantly greater under NT (1.13–1.58 Mg m−3) than under T (0.99–1.41 Mg m−3) in both soils, irrespective of residue management. In both soils, penetration resistance (PR) was greater under NT than under T to 15 cm depth. Residue retention significantly reduced PR of the 0–10 cm soil in NT, but not in T. In the 0–5 cm depth of the Black Chernozem, the >2 mm fraction of dry aggregates was highest under NT + S (72%), and lowest under T − S (50%). The wind-erodible fraction (dry aggregates <1 mm size) was smallest (18%) under NT + S and largest (39%) under T − S. Soil aggregation benefited more from NT than from residue retention. Proportion of wind-erodible aggregates was generally greater in the Gray Luvisol than in the Black Chernozem. In the Black Chernozem, steady-state infiltration rate (IR) was significantly lower (33%) under NT than under T. Residue retention improved IR in both NT and T. In the Gray Luvisol, IR was not significantly affected by tillage and residue management. Despite firmer soil, NT and residue retention are recommended to improve aggregation in the cool temperate region of Western Canada. 相似文献
74.
为了使南水北调工程能够最大限度地缓解河北省严重缺水状况,更好地发挥工程效益,以南水北调河北段为研究对象,研究南水北调受水区水资源供需平衡问题。在系统分析水资源系统特点基础上,建立一个考虑当地水、南水北调水、中水及地下水等多水源的水资源合理调配模型,采用大系统理论中的聚合分解协调思想进行求解,得到优化调置方案,合理解决了多水源、多用户、多保证率的水资源配置问题,模型计算结果可为受水区水资源可持续利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
75.
The microtubule-associated protein tau plays an important role in maintaining microtubule stabiliza-tion, while the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau takes part in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies show that the tau in pathological forms behaves like a prion, which can be propagated between cells and different brain regions. Oligomeric tau clusters in the affected neurons can be released as pathological " seeds" through vesicular and non-vesicular mechanism, then enter the recipient neuron through endocytosis and receptor-mediated uptake. The rate of tau propagation is modulated by the change of β-amyloid, or the activity of neuronal as well as glial cell. With better under-standings on pathological tau propagation, it is hoped that a novel therapy targeting the transmission of tau pathology will be developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
76.
77.
以小兴安岭凉水自然保护区不同类型的红松(Pinus koraiensis sie.et Zucc)林作为研究对象,基于10块标准地的样地调查数据,对红松天然林、红松人工纯林、人工红松阔叶混交林和林隙透光抚育后的红松对照林进行对比,采用方差/均值比率法,并结合其它4种聚集度指标,分析和研究了它们的立木空间分布格局。结果表明,林隙透光抚育的红松对照林的空间分布格局为聚集分布,相同立地条件的红松天然林、红松人工纯林和人工红松阔叶混交林的空间分布格局均为随机分布。 相似文献
78.
Lan LiaoTong-xun Liu Mou-ming Zhao Hai-feng ZhaoCun Cui 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,54(1):129-136
Changes of aggregation behavior of wheat gluten during carboxylic acid deamidation upon hydrothermal treatment were investigated to test the influences of deamidation on the aggregation extent of wheat gluten. Hydrothermal treatment induced that the size of soluble wheat gluten aggregate progressively increased by cross-linking of gliadins and slowly cleaved glutenins. But significant changes in molecular weight distribution, solubility under six denaturing agents’ treatment and Zeta potential of wheat gluten aggregates were observed at 6 min heating time and distinct shift of intra-/inter-molecular interactions of wheat gluten aggregates occurred before and after 6 min heating treatment respectively. Moreover, as heating time increased, the island-like aggregates decreased markedly and the striped aggregates increased notably. To explain the aggregation behavior in this case, we postulated that the extent of aggregation of wheat gluten depended on the balance between intra-/inter-molecular electrostatic repulsion, the non-covalent and disulfide bonds formation in the system. Hence, a scheme was drawn, which appeared to be the mechanism responsible for the aggregation of wheat gluten through thermal cross-linking and opening up of the network structure of wheat gluten aggregates by deamidation. 相似文献
79.
通过对白星花金龟(Potosia brevitaris Lewis)成虫空间分布格局的测定,应用聚集度指标法、Taylor幂法则和Iwao回归法对白星花金龟成虫的空间分布型进行分析和检验,以期对该害虫实施预测预报及防治提供科学依据。结果表明:白星花金龟成虫在盐池荒漠草原呈聚集分布,分布的基本单位是个体群,引起聚集的原因主要是白星花金龟成虫自身习性,与环境因素也有一定关系。种群数量动态研究显示白星花金龟种群数量在6个不同样带表现基本一致,除了撂荒2年后形成的以蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum)为优势植物的样带外其他样地也都出现3次高峰。 相似文献
80.
Zein is a prolamine of maize. Conventionally, 70–90% aqueous ethanol is used to dissolve zein. When the hydrodynamic radii of zein molecules in aqueous ethanol were monitored with a dynamic light scattering instrument, it was found that zein aggregates in the solvent and the degree of aggregation depends on the composition of the solvent mixture. As the ethanol content of solvent increased from 70% to 90%, the aggregation number of zein molecules decreased from 10,000 until it reached a minimum. The aggregation number then increased abruptly to greater than 10,000 as the ethanol content of the solvent mixture increased to 92%. Since zein has amphiphilic characteristics, this behavior was interpreted as the formation of a micelle-like structure in its solution whereby ca. 90% ethanol that showed minimum aggregation number is regarded as a structural inversion point. This point of view was supported by a simple experiment that showed selective interaction of zein molecules with hydrophilic or hydrophobic particles. 相似文献