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Jeong CK Lee HY Kim SB Choi SJ Kim JH Kim K Han SS Lee HS 《Pest management science》2001,57(5):427-431
To investigate the hepatic metabolism of the new insecticide flupyrazofos [O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-5-yl) phosphorothioate], isolated rat liver was perfused with flupyrazofos under single-pass conditions. In outflow perfusate and bile, 1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-hydroxyprazole (PTMHP), PTMHP-sulfate and PTMHP-glucuronide conjugates were identified as the metabolites of flupyrazofos. However, O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-5-yl) phosphate (flupyrazofos oxon) was not detected. A HPLC method with UV detection was used to investigate the hepatic disposition of flupyrazofos and its metabolite PTMHP. The concentrations of flupyrazofos, PTMHP and PTMHP conjugates in outflow perfusate reached steady-state levels within 20 min after commencing perfusion of 7.3 microM flupyrazofos. At steady state, the mean extraction ratio of flupyrazofos was 0.93 (+/- 0.01) and clearance was 26.1 (+/- 0.2) ml min-1 which nearly approached perfusate flow rate (28 ml min-1). PTMHP accounted for 55.7 (+/- 5.8)% of eliminated flupyrazofos and was recovered as unchanged PTMHP, PTMHP-sulfate and PTMHP-glucuronide in the bile as well as the outflow perfusate. 相似文献
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65.
Amaya-Guerra CA Alanis-Guzman MG Serna Saldívar SO 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2004,59(2):45-50
The physiological development of laboratory rats fed with a typical indigenous tortilla diet was studied for two generations. The experiment compared casein control diet and five different types of diets: (1) a diet of tortillas obtained from fresh masa (FM); (2) regular tortillas produced from enriched dry masa flour containing vitamins B1, B2, niacin, folic acid, and the microminerals iron and zinc (REDMF); (3) tortillas produced from enriched dry masa flour fortified with 6% defatted soybean meal (FEDMF); (4) tortillas produced from enriched quality protein maize flour (EQPM); and (5) and, tortillas produced from enriched quality protein maize flour fortified with 3% defatted soybean meal (FEQPM). The growth of rats fed FEDMF and FEQPM diets was significantly higher (P<0.05) in both generations than their counterparts fed EQPM, REDMF, or FM diet. Animals fed quality protein maize (QPM) tortilla had the highest protein digestibility, but the FEQPM and FEDMF diets had the highest biological value (BV), net protein utilization (NPU), and protein-digestibility-corrected EAA scores (PDCEAAS). The difference among treatments was more evident in the second-generation rats. The pregnancy rate, number of newborns/litter, litter weight, and newborn survival rate was also higher for rats fed FEDMF, EQPM, and FEQPM diets than their counterparts fed REDMF and FM. 相似文献
66.
Juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), of mean initial weight 15 g, were fed practical diets containing fresh or rancid oil (1:1 cod liver:corn oil) supplemented with either 20 or 100 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate per kg dry diet, at 0.03 × body weight per day for 8 weeks. After this time, catfish had grown by at least four times in body weight. Significant ( P < 0.05) inter-treatment differences in final body weight were noted. Clarias fed low-tocopherol: oxidized-oil diets performed least well with regard to growth, though elevated dietary vitamin E partially abrogated this effect. Growth of fish fed fresh-oil diets did not benefit from increased dietary α-tocopherol content. Muscle, liver, plasma, heart and spleen all responded significantly ( P < 0.05) to dietary vitamin E dose. Inclusion of oxidized oil in catfish diets decreased tissue α-tocopherol concentration. Hepatic α-tocopherol concentration (μg α-tocopherol per g liver) was observed to be lowered by 90% by the rancid oil diets. When fish previously fed fresh-oil diets were switched to oxidized: low-tocopherol diets, hepatic α-tocopherol concentration was significantly ( P < 0.05) lowered within 2 weeks. The results highlight the importance of dietary oil quality in modulating tissue α-tocopherol concentrations in African catfish. 相似文献
67.
Bert Lambooij Karen Kloosterboer Marien A Gerritzen Geert André Martine Veldman & Hans Van De Vis 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(1):61-70
The objective of this study was to assess neural and behavioural responses in farmed African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) upon electrical stunning in combination with decapitation or chilling. To assess the possibility of scaling up one or both experimental methods, two trials were performed in an experimental setting. The product quality of the collected samples was compared with the currently applied industrial method: live chilling. After electrical stunning in combination with decapitation, the fish showed spikes alternated with theta and delta waves on the EEG, followed by minimal brain activity after 20±10 s. The same traces on the EEGs were observed after electrical stunning in combination with chilling. Here, minimal brain activity occurred after 22±11 s. Within a confidence level of 95%, the percentage of African catfish that was effectively stunned after administration of an electrical current of 1.5 A dm−2, 300 V (50 Hz a.c.), followed by decapitation or chilling was above 91%. The analysis yield and evolution of liquid loss showed significant (P<0.05) differences among the batches, which could be explained by the stunning method used. The course values of the pH in the different batches were significantly (P<0.05) dependent on the stunning method, sex and location (visceral or skin side). It is concluded that African catfish can be stunned effectively using electrical stunning in a water tank, followed by decapitation or chilling in ice. Dutch commercial processors prefer to combine electrical stunning with chilling in flake ice in a rotating tumbler, as the outer slime layer is then removed, which facilitates further processing. 相似文献
68.
James R. Guest Peter A. Todd Eugene Goh Balasubramaniam S. Sivalonganathan Konda P. Reddy 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(5):570-579
- 1. Giant clams have been a sustainable resource for millennia, but unregulated harvesting has led to local extinctions within the Indo‐Pacific region. Giant clam mariculture can produce large numbers of juveniles for restocking wild populations where natural recruitment is low or absent.
- 2. Singapore is surrounded by more than 60 small islands, many with fringing reefs. These reefs, however, experience increased turbidity and sedimentation resulting from massive coastal development projects and regular dredging of shipping lanes.
- 3. Seven reefs off Singapore's southern islands were surveyed (9670 m2) for giant clams. Also, an experiment was conducted to determine the growth of Tridacna squamosa reared in aquaria under three light treatments: ~50% ambient photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); ~25% ambient PAR; and ~12% ambient PAR. Finally, 144 clams (T. squamosa) were transplanted to four reefs around Singapore to study survival and growth in a heavily impacted environment.
- 4. A total of 23 adult clams from three species were found during the survey, representing a mean density of 0.24 per 100 m2. Most clams were found at Raffles Lighthouse, Singapore's ‘best’ reef. No juvenile clams were encountered. In the aquarium experiment, clam growth was significantly different among the three light treatments, with growth greatest in the ~50% ambient PAR treatment. Of the 144 transplanted clams, 116 (80.6%) were recovered after 7 months. All specimens had increased in size, with growth rates among reefs ranging from 3.3 mm month?1 (SD=1.3 mm) to 4.8 mm month?1 (SD=1.6 mm).
- 5. Results suggest that, despite high levels of sedimentation and turbidity on Singapore's reefs, giant clams can survive and grow well. Restocking efforts using maricultured clams may be effective in enhancing the dwindling local populations. It is not clear, however, whether a self‐sustaining community can be established as high sedimentation may hinder larval settlement and survival.
69.
[目的]测定皇竹草和人工配合饲料的营养成分含量,探讨用其饲喂2月龄草鱼的增重效果。[方法]根据不同的成分测定要求,测定皇竹草和人工配合饲料的主要营养成分含量。用皇竹草和人工配合饲料饲喂2月龄草鱼,研究其对2月龄草鱼的增重效果。[结果]冬季鲜样水分含量为76.04%,粗蛋白14.61%,粗脂肪2.34%,粗灰分10.43%,粗纤维19.加%,碳水化合物53.42%;人工配合饲料水分含量为6.8%,粗蛋白37.66%,粗脂肪3.22%,粗灰分9.55%,粗纤维3.65%,碳水化合物45.92%。鲜皇竹草粗纤维的含量明显高于普通人工饲料,而粗蛋白的含量则相反,其他成分差异不明显。利用二者对2月龄草鱼进行投喂,结果发现全程投喂皇竹草的草鱼组的体重及其他可量生长性状都明显低于人工配合饲料组。{结论12月龄草鱼以皇竹草作为主要营养物质的增重效果不如人工配合饲料。 相似文献
70.
旨在通过对非洲猪瘟临床病理学和组织病理学的研究,探讨病理学变化与疾病发生发展的内在关系及其病理机制。选用体重20 kg左右的长白猪13头,肌内注射非洲猪瘟病毒毒株Pig/HLJ/18,剂量102HAD50·mL-1。试验期间的死亡猪,全部进行系统剖检和取材,制备石蜡切片,苏木素伊红染色。建立病理学评价标准,病变(无序分类变量)用频率和百分比表示,病变程度(有序分类变量)按各组织器官的不同病变进行分级和评分。结果表明,发病猪符合非洲猪瘟急性、热性、高传染性等临床特征,发病率100%,病死率100%。病死猪表现败血症典型特征,尸体易腐败,血凝不良或溶血,尸僵不全。主要病理损伤为出血性坏死性淋巴结炎、急性炎性脾肿(败血脾)、脑水肿、肺水肿和肺实变等。脾和淋巴结是非洲猪瘟病毒攻击的靶器官,病变最为显著,出现时间最早,持续时间最长,发生频率最高。病理变化以血液循环障碍尤为突出,包括水肿、充血、淤血、出血、梗死和弥散性血管内凝血等多种病理表现,出血性病变为其最主要的特征。非洲猪瘟病毒引发的以淋巴细胞渗出为主的炎症反应贯穿始终,在病程的中后期表现更为明显。结果提示,急性非洲猪瘟的主要病理过程为典型的免疫/炎症级联反应和严重的全身血液循环障碍,共同导致急性非洲猪瘟的高发病率和高死亡率。 相似文献