浅谈森林鼠害及防治对策

论述了森林鼠害的成因,提出预防森林鼠害的措施和方法。     

非洲猪瘟病毒VP73蛋白的B细胞表位预测

[目的]预测非洲猪瘟病毒VP73蛋白的B细胞表位。[方法]综合分析二级结构、亲水性、表面可及性与抗原性指数,预测非洲猪瘟病毒VP73蛋白的抗原表位。[结果]推测B细胞表位位于非洲猪瘟病毒VP73蛋白N端的11~18、26~48、73~82、136~150、159~174、181~1891、91~2102、47~276、279~295、313~323和382~392区段内或上述区段附近。[结论]应用多参数预测非洲猪瘟病毒VP73蛋白的B细胞表位,为今后进一步研究非洲猪瘟病毒VP73蛋白的特征以及表位疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

豆粕替代鱼粉对日本黄姑鱼生长、饲料利用及体成分影响的研究

开展了为期63d的饲养试验以评价豆粕替代鱼粉对日本黄姑鱼生长、体组成和饲料利用率的影响。配制了3种等氮饲料,以豆粕蛋白分别替代0％、20％和40％的鱼粉蛋白,饲养初始重大约5．67～5．77g／尾的幼鱼。结果显示,各组间的增重率和特定生长率值没有显著差异性存在（P〉0．05）。然而添加豆粕的D2和D3组的摄食率和FCR值显著地高于鱼粉组,PER的值显著地低于鱼粉组（P〈0．05）。日本黄姑鱼的内脏比、肠脂比和丰满度的值在各组之间无显著性差异存在（P〉0．05）,但高水平豆粕添加组（D3）的肝体比最低,且显著地低于D2组（P〈0．05）。不同饲料处理对日本黄姑鱼体成分和背肌组织成分组成没有显著性影响（P〉0．05）。总之,在本实验条件下,豆粕可以替代40％的饲料鱼粉蛋白而没有引起日本黄姑鱼生长的下降。     

巨胚水稻的研究进展

巨胚稻属于特种功能稻,其胚比普通稻胚大2-3倍,富含各种营养成分和活性物质γ-氨基丁酸。本文就巨胚稻种质的发现、巨胚基因的遗传研究与巨胚稻的育种应用、生物学特性、营养成分和加工开发进行了综述,并展望了巨胚稻及其加工产品的应用前景,以期为水稻育种者提供参考。     

昼夜节律对大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的 :观察昼夜节律对大鼠血液流变学的影响。方法 :SD大鼠 2 0只 ,按完全随机化分为两组 :白天组 1 1只 (采血时间在上午 9:0 0～ 1 0 :0 0 ) ;夜间组 9只 (采血时间在晚上 9:0 0～ 1 0 :0 0 )。流变学指标采用 NXE- 1型锥板式粘度计检测 ;检测温度 2 5℃。结果 :夜间组与白天组比较 ,夜间组的ηb(m Pa· s,2 2 5 s- 1 )、ηb(m Pa· s 1 1 .2 5 s- 1 ) ,均比白天组为低 (P<0 .0 5) ,而红细胞压积、ηb(1 1 .2 5 s- 1 ) /ηb(2 2 5 s- 1 )差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5)。结论 :昼夜节律对 SD大鼠血液流变学有影响     

实验感染肝片吸虫对大鼠肝脏药物代谢功能的影响

将 8 5只体重 2 5 0～ 35 0 g的健康SD大鼠 (雌雄各半 )随机分成感染组 (n =5 5 )和对照组 (n =30 )。感染组大鼠每只一次经口感染 2 5个肝片吸虫囊蚴 ,每周采血测定血浆天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)及碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)活性。于感染后第 3,6 ,9,11和 13周分别宰杀 12只 (感染组 8只 ,对照组 4只 )大鼠 ,测定其肝微粒体蛋白、细胞色素P 4 5 0、细胞色素b5的浓度和肝脏药物代谢酶活性。结果表明 ,大鼠感染肝片吸虫后 ,血浆AST、ALT、ALP活性分别在感染后 3～ 7周、 3～ 5周、 5～ 13周极显著上升 (P <0 0 1) ;肝体比上升 ;CytP 4 5 0浓度、肝脏药物代谢酶活性极显著下降 (P <0 0 1)。提示肝片吸虫感染对大鼠肝脏药物代谢功能有明显的损伤作用。     

非洲猪瘟疫情对生猪产业链上市公司市场价值的影响研究

[目的] 研究旨在应用实证方法分析非洲猪瘟疫情对生猪产业链上市公司市场价值造成的影响,进而得出疫情对生猪产业链上养殖、屠宰、加工、消费等环节利益相关者收益的影响。[方法]采用事件研究法,选取涉及生猪产业链上市公司,按主营业务统计为肉制品加工、养殖、饲料和兽药4种类型的32家相关上市公司,通过设计指标对生猪产业链上市公司股票异常收益率波动进行计算和检验。[结果]研究结果表明：非洲猪瘟疫情事件对生猪养殖行业的影响最大;对兽药行业的影响周期最长;肉制品加工行业的影响程度和周期仅次于兽药行业,对饲料行业的影响最小。[结论] “非洲猪瘟”事件对猪产业链上的饲料、养殖、肉制品加工、兽药类上市公司市场价值存在显著的负面影响。     

东北地区日光温室非洲菊高效栽培探析

结合非洲菊的生长特性,从繁殖、定植、苗期管理、花期管理、生育期中温、光、水肥、病虫害及采后管理等方面介绍了非洲菊的高效栽培技术,为非洲菊在东北地区的大面积种植,提高东北地区非洲菊鲜切花产量提供了理论依据。     

Volatile Flavor Components and the Body Weights of Rats in the Green Tea Added Miner Ingredients

In order to change for the good flavor in green tea of middle or low grade,roast naked barley （miner ingredient） was added to it.To make tea having functional property,mixed roast naked barley-green tea with one medicinal herb （MH,miner ingredient）.This study was performed to investigate the effect of drinking extracts of naked barley-MH-green tea （A group） and adlay-Angelica gigas Nakai-green tea （B group） on the body weights of rats,and volatile flavor components of best effective extract on weight reduction.Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into six groups were fed five different green tea extracts for 8 weeks.The result obtained in the experiment indicated that the change of body weights of rats was affected by A group,B group and others.A group showed highest reduction rate of body weights （36.40％）.Reduction rate of body weights on the B group （10.10％） was much lower than A group （36.40％）.Aroma compounds were extracted by the SDE method.The concentrated aroma extracts were analyzed and identified by GC and GC-MS.The main aroma components of the green tea blended with naked barley and MH were 12 pyrazines having roasty note,methyl butanals having sweet note,hexanal having briskness greenish note,and nerolidol and3-ionone having floral note.     

A chronic oral toxicity study of marine collagen peptides preparation from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) skin using Sprague-Dawley rat

Due to the increased consumption of marine collagen peptides preparation (MCP) as ingredients in functional foods and pharmaceuticals, it was necessary to carry out safety requirements in the form of an oral chronic toxicity assessment. In order to define the oral chronic toxicity of MCP, a 24-month feeding study of MCP was carried out. Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats at the age of four-week of both sexes were treated with MCP at the diet concentrations of 0%, 2.25%, 4.5%, 9% and 18% (wt/wt). The actual food intake and bodyweight of the individual animals were recorded periodically until sacrifice. Blood and urine samples were collected for serum chemistry evaluations and urinalysis. Throughout the experimental period, there was no toxicologically significant difference between the vehicle and MCP-treated animals with respect to the survival rate, body weight, food consumption, urinalysis, clinical biochemistry parameter and relative organ weight in either sex. Moreover, incidences of non-neoplastic lesions in MCP-treated groups did not significantly increase compared with the control group. Under the present experimental conditions, no higher risk of chronic toxic effects was observed in MCP-treated rats at the diet concentrations of 2.25%, 4.5%, 9% and 18% (wt/wt) than in the rats fed with basal rodent diet.