H1N1亚型猪流感病毒的生物学特性测定及其HA基因序列分析

测定了A/Swine/Guangdong/1/01(H1N1)猪流感病毒的部分生物学特性;运用RT-PCR方法扩增其HA基因,并对其进行了克隆和序列分析。结果表明,该株病毒的EID50/0.2 mL及TCID50/0.1 mL分别为10-2.3和10-2.1,小鼠感染试验亦说明该病毒具有致病性。序列分析表明,HA基因全长为1 701 bp,与国内外流行株同源性达90.8%~99.0%。     

仔猪水肿病病原的分离、鉴定及生物学特性

通过对引起贵州省仔猪水肿病病原的分离、鉴定和生物学特性的研究,分离到的菌株为致病性大肠杆菌,其因子血清型鉴定为O8∶K40∶K47;O25∶K19;O78∶K80;O29∶K?。药敏试验结果表明:该菌对菌必治、庆大霉素、链霉素、先锋V、头孢等抗生素敏感,对一些常见的抗生素如青霉素、四环素、氯霉素、苄拉霉素等产生了耐药性。因此,采用药物治疗该病时应根据药敏试验进行选择。     

几种番茄病毒病的症状识别特征与防治策略

本文简述了番茄斑萎病毒病、番茄黄化曲叶病毒病、番茄褪绿病毒病、番茄花叶型病毒病、番茄蕨叶型病毒病5种主要番茄病毒病的症状识别特征。提出加强植物检疫、选用抗病品种、诱虫板与防虫网联用、切断人为传播和昆虫传播途径、调整定植期、清洁田园环境、合理选择杀虫剂进行杀虫控病等防治策略和防治措施,为番茄产业绿色发展提供了建议和参考。     

Improved detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis in African wildlife samples using cationic peptide decontamination and mycobacterial culture supplementation

In South Africa, mycobacterial culture is regarded as the gold standard for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection in wildlife even though it is regarded as “imperfect.” We compared a novel decontamination and mycobacterial culture technique (TiKa) to the conventional mycobacterium growth indicator tube (MGIT) system using known amounts of bacilli and clinical samples from MTBC-infected African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer), white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), and African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Use of the TiKa-KiC decontamination agent on samples spiked with 10,000 to 10 colony forming units (cfu) of M. bovis (SB0121) and M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) had no effect on isolate recovery in culture. In contrast, decontamination with MGIT MycoPrep resulted in no growth of M. bovis samples at concentrations < 1,000 cfu and M. tuberculosis samples < 100 cfu. Subsequently, we used the TiKa system with stored clinical samples (various lymphatic tissues) collected from wildlife and paucibacillary bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, trunk washes, and endotracheal tube washes from 3 species with known MTBC infections. Overall, MTBC recovery by culture was improved significantly (p < 0.01) by using TiKa compared to conventional MGIT, with 54 of 57 positive specimens versus 25 of 57 positive specimens, respectively. The TiKa mycobacterial growth system appears to significantly enhance the recovery of MTBC members from tissue and paucibacillary respiratory samples collected from African buffaloes, African elephants, and white rhinoceros. Moreover, the TiKa system may improve success of MTBC culture from various sample types previously deemed unculturable from other species.     

Signatures of positive selection for local adaptation of African native cattle populations: A review

Cattle are central to the lives and diverse cultures of African people. It has played a crucial role in providing valuable protein for billions of households and sources of income and employment for producers and other actors in the livestock value chains. The long-term natural selection of African cattle typically signals signatures in the genome, contributes to high genetic differentiations across breeds. This has enabled them to develop unique adaptive traits to cope with inadequate feed supp...     

新型生猪标识及肉产品可追溯系统的设计和实现

本文介绍一种新型生猪标识的研制,在利用新型生猪标识的基础上,采用信息网络技术、数据库技术、构件化软件设计技术、条形码和电子标识技术,进行生猪可追溯系统的设计,并在生猪养殖场、屠宰场、超市实现并成功示范。同时也介绍了国内外生猪标识的研究以及发达国家可追溯系统的试点及实施情况,为我国生猪和猪内产品可追溯系统建设提供参考,最终实现生猪的安全生产和肉产品的安全消费。     

猪体细胞核移植技术及研究现状

自2000年Polejaeva I A获得第1头克隆猪后,短短几年时间全世界已有10多例成功的报道,使得猪的体细胞核移植有了长足的发展,但目前猪的体细胞核移植效率依然低下,人们对核移植中重编程分子机理的认识知之甚少。简要综述了猪体细胞核移植近年来的研究进展,分析了猪核移植中的技术难点和影响因素。     

西伯利亚百合脱毒技术研究

运用茎尖培养、热处理结合茎尖培养、病毒唑结合茎尖培养、热处理加病毒唑结合茎尖培养4种方法,脱除西伯利亚百合品种CMV、LSV和LMoV病毒,分析了4种处理后的成苗率和脱毒率。结果表明：以热处理加病毒唑结合茎尖培养法效果最为明显。     

东北地区日光温室非洲菊高效栽培探析

结合非洲菊的生长特性,从繁殖、定植、苗期管理、花期管理、生育期中温、光、水肥、病虫害及采后管理等方面介绍了非洲菊的高效栽培技术,为非洲菊在东北地区的大面积种植,提高东北地区非洲菊鲜切花产量提供了理论依据。     

2002-2004年国家大豆区试品种对大豆花叶病毒抗性的评价

在接种东北大豆产区SMV主要株系N1、N3和黄淮与南方大豆产区SMV株系Sa、SC3条件下,对最新育成的参加2002-2004年国家大豆区试的134个大豆品种进行了抗性评价,结果表明:接种4个株系后,分别有13个品种(东农L13、汾豆56、汾豆60、汾豆61、晋大74、K丰52-1、航天2号、辽03-20、辽95025-5-4、中作2-29、中豆32、科9208、油春32)和5个品种(铁95025-5-5、铁94037-6、汾豆69、冀99、冀鉴27)分别对4个株系和3个株系表现抗侵染,中黄4、中作016、吉林2001-14等25个品种对1-2个株系表现抗侵染;5个品种(公交03-1212、冀鉴37、秦豆9、淮02-02、滑豆20)对4个株系表现抗扩展.以上品种除可用于生产外,还可作为抗SMV育种的抗源.该批参试品种中,黄淮地区品种的平均病情指数最轻,其次是东北地区品种,然后长江流域,华南地区品种的病情最重.从不同类型品种的病情分析,按黄淮夏大豆、北方春大豆、南方夏大豆、南方春大豆、菜用大豆、热带多熟制大豆的顺序逐步加重.在田间条件下,免疫品种数量不多,占参试品种的7.9%,严重度为1级的高抗品种占47.5%,未发现严重度为4级的高感品种,表明多数品种田间抗性较好.