FOAM, a new simple benthic degradative module for the LAMP3D model: an application to a Mediterranean fish farm

The modelling framework already introduced by Doglioli, Magaldi, Vezzulli and Tucci to predict the potential impact of a marine fish farm is improved following different directions, namely (1) real historic current-metre data are used to force the simulations, (2) settling velocity values specifically targeting Mediterranean fish species are used, and (3) a new benthic degradative module, the Finite Organic Accumulation Module, is added to the modelling framework. The Finite Organic Accumulation Module uses the output of the other functional units of the modelling framework to calculate the organic load on the seabed. The Finite Organic Accumulation Module considers the natural capability of the seafloor in absorbing part of the organic load. Different remineralization rates reflect the sediment stress level according to the work of Findlay and Watling. Organic degradation for both uneaten feed and faeces is evaluated by changing the release modality (continuous and periodical) and by varying the settling velocities. It is found that the maximum impact on the benthic community is observed either for quickly sinking uneaten feed released twice a day, or for less intense near-bottom current conditions. If both the above-mentioned scenarios coexist, a high stress level is established in the sediment. The model also suggests that the use of self-feeders in cages can reduce farm impacts significantly. These results show how the new and more complete modelling framework presented here is able to improve the objectivity in the decision-making processes and how it may be successfully used for planning and monitoring purposes.     

大亚湾大型底栖动物物种多样性现状

利用2004年3月、5月、9月和12月的大型底栖动物定量采样数据,对大亚湾大型底栖动物的物种多样性进行研究。结果表明,因人类活动影响的加剧,目前大型底栖动物多样性明显低于历史水平。2004年大亚湾海域内共出现79种（类）大型底栖动物,全海域均匀度（J）、丰富度（D）和Shannon—Wiener指数（H’）均值分别为1．17、0．74和2．06。各多样性指数的季节变化较小,不存在显著差异（P〉0．05）。多样性水平以冬季〈春季〈夏季〈秋季。大亚湾明显的干、湿季变化对大型底栖动物多样性有所影响,湿季多样性水平高于干季。湾口海域大型底栖动物多样性水平较高,因湾顶和湾中部海域内小鳞帘蛤Veremolpamicra和粗帝汶蛤Timocleascabra极强的优势地位,导致湾顶和湾中部海域多样性水平较低。水温升高而引发的小鳞帘蛤和粗帝汶蛤丰度的变化,造成了湾顶和湾中部海域大型底栖动物多样性水平的季节变化。     

南海北部张网主要技术参数的变化分析

根据2000～2005年和1983～1985年渔具渔法调查资料,对南海北部张网主要技术参数进行了比较分析。结果表明,与1983～1985年相比,现阶段张网网口纲长、网口网目尺寸和网身末段网目尺寸等稍有增大,网衣拉直长、网囊长和网囊网目尺寸等略有减小,网身长与网囊长之比、网身大头宽与小头宽之比等明显增大,其平均值分别由原来的5．8：1、19．8：1增至现在的13．8：1和26．2：1。张网主要技术参数的变化反映了张网渔具结构已经随着渔业资源的衰退发生了变化,但这种变化并不是积极的、革命性的改革。为合理利用渔业资源和促进张网渔业可持续发展,应根据南海北部渔业资源的特点研究相适应的选择性张网捕捞技术或装置,减少对幼鱼、幼虾资源的损害。     

A bio-economic indicators suite for the appraisal of the demersal trawl fishery in the Southern Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean)

The state of demersal fishery in the Southern Adriatic Sea (GFCM-GSA 18, Central Mediterranean), years 1996–2003, from a biological, social and economic point of view was analysed using 47 indicators: 22 biological indicators obtained from fishery-independent data through yearly experimental bottom trawl surveys (“Medits” Programme), and 25 socio-economic indicators estimated from fishery-dependent data, available from the monitoring system of the Italian Institute for Economic Research on Fisheries and Aquaculture (IREPA). Biological indicators were applied for “single-species” (Eledone cirrhosa, E. moschata, Illex coindetti, Merluccius merluccius, Mullus barbatus, Nephrops norvegicus, Parapenaeus longirostris, Raja clavata, Zeus faber) and for “multi-species” analysis. Economic indicators describing economic performance, productivity, costs and prices, and the overall economic sustainability of fishery were estimated. Social indicators and a general indicator summarising social sustainability were also considered. Indicators’ values were displayed using the Traffic Light system. Both fishery-independent and fishery-dependent indicators highlighted a progressive decline of the trawl fishery system in the GSA 18. This decline was mainly related to the ongoing depletion of the traditional fishery target species (mostly long-living, late-maturing species) partially replaced by the increase of traditional accessory species (generally short-living species), as well as to the reduction of productivity and increasing costs. The whole procedure was proposed as a contribution to the identification and applicability of bio-economic indicators for fishery management purposes.     

Beluga (Huso huso, Brandet 1869) bioenergetics under dietary methylmercury

Recently, there have been reports of increasing amounts of mercury (Hg) in muscles of beluga (Huso huso, Brandet 1869) in the Caspian Sea which exceeds its guideline level for food in the UK. Our intensive effort was to investigate the effects of dietary methylmercury (MeHg) on Beluga bioenergetics. Beluga juveniles were fed with four diets containing MeHg (control: 0.04 mg kg⁻¹; low: 0.76 mg kg⁻¹; medium: 7.88 mg kg⁻¹; and high: 16.22 mg kg⁻¹) for 70 days. There were significant differences in food consumption among the treatment groups. After 42 days, all individuals of the high dose died. After 35 and 70 days, all treatment groups (low, medium and high) showed a significant decline in their growth rate, unlike the control group. They also showed considerable lower specific growth rates (SGR) comparing to the control group. All treatment groups assimilated the dietary MeHg into their muscle tissue in a dose-dependent manner. Assimilation percent was significant among the treatment groups at days 35 and 70, but it was lower in the first 35 days than in the second 35 days. The data obtained from the dietary MeHg concentration and bioaccumulation rates were modeled for better natural resources management of the Caspian Sea.     

Neuroprotective Metabolites from Vietnamese Marine Derived Fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium Genera

Low molecular weight secondary metabolites of marine fungi Aspergillus flocculosus, Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium sp. from Van Phong and Nha Trang Bays (Vietnam) were studied and a number of polyketides, bis-indole quinones and terpenoids were isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. Stereochemistry of some compounds was established based on ECD data. A chemical structure of asterriquinone F (6) was thoroughly described for the first time. Anthraquinone (13) was firstly obtained from a natural source. Neuroprotective influences of the isolated compounds against 6-OHDA, paraquat and rotenone toxicity were investigated. 4-Hydroxyscytalone (1), 4-hydroxy-6-dehydroxyscytalone (2) and demethylcitreoviranol (3) have shown significant increasing of paraquat- and rotenone-treated Neuro-2a cell viability and anti-ROS activity.     

基于GODAS资料的南海上层海洋热状态气候变化特征分析

为了深入了解南海上层海洋热力状态的变化规律,利用1980—2015年共36年GODAS月平均海温资料,将5~366 m的垂直平均海温表征南海地区海洋上层的热含量,分析了南海海洋上层热状态的水平和垂直分布特征以及季节和年际变化特征。结果表明：年平均南海热含量水平分布表现为东高西低的形势,垂直纬向平均分布表现为暖水厚度和温跃层深度东厚（深）西薄（浅）,垂直经向平均表现为暖水厚度南厚北薄,温跃层深度中间浅两边深;南海地区海温变化幅度在75~200 m处最大,不同深度海温距平均具有明显的年际和年代际变化特征;南海区域平均热含量在秋季最高,春夏次之,冬季最低,其年际变化明显,且在1998年之后出现明显的突变,由负值转变为正值,表现出明显的增温趋势;热含量季节EOF主模态空间分布形势表现为东高西低的特征,对应的时间序列在20世纪90年代末存在年代际转折,由主要为负值转化为主要为正值,表现在空间分布上,则为南海地区热含量由西高东低型转化为东高西低型。     

黄渤海蓝点马鲛个体生殖力的研究

本文根据1992～1993年黄渤海蓝点马鲛产卵期内采集的114个卵巢样品分析和组织切片观察，对其个体生殖力进行研究。结果表明，蓝点马鲛为分批排卵鱼类，在产卵期内排卵2～3次，个体绝对生殖力在45～5257千粒，个体组对生殖力和相对生殖力随年龄、体长、体重的生长逐渐增加，其中与年龄的关系最为密切。     

海芦笋黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性研究

[目的]为海芦笋的进一步开发利用提供一定的理论依据。[方法]以海芦笋为原料,研究其中的黄酮类化合物抑制植物油脂的自氧化和清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、氧自由基的效果,评价海芦笋黄酮类化合物的体外抗氧化活性。[结果]海芦笋黄酮类化合物具有较强的抑制植物油自氧化、清除DPPH自由基、Fenton反应中产生的羟自由基、邻苯三酚氧化产生的氧自由基的作用,且抑制作用与海芦笋黄酮类化合物的浓度呈正相关。[结论]海芦笋黄酮类化合物可以作为天然的食品抗氧化剂进行开发。     

皮口海域中国对虾生长特性的初步研究

为了解增殖放流后,黄海北部海域中国对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis的生长状况,于2015年6—10月在黄海北部辽宁省皮口海域进行了6个航次的回捕调查,共采集样品1434尾,并对其生长指标进行测量分析。结果表明:皮口海域中国对虾体长和体质量呈幂函数关系,雌虾W=8×10~(-6)L3.0729,雄虾W=9×10~(-6)L3.0573;采用Von Bertallanffy生长方程对皮口海域中国对虾体长、体质量进行拟合,雌虾Lt=230.09[1-e-0.0098(t-29.54)]、Wt=144.87[1-e-0.0098(t-29.54)]3.0729,雄虾Lt=175.05[1-e-0.0151(t-34.73)]、Wt=65.98[1-e-0.0151(t-34.73)]3.0573;皮口海域中国对虾在生长过程中表现出雌、雄差异,前期雄虾体长生长速度快于雌虾,约74 d后,雌虾体长生长速度明显快于雄虾,雄虾体质量生长拐点出现在109 d前后,而雌虾则出现在144 d前后;与历史文献相比较,皮口海域中国对虾的生长系数k值较小,显示出生长速度可能较其他海区有减缓的趋势,但渐近体长和渐近体质量有增大趋势;皮口海域中国对虾摄食等级存在月份差异。本研究结果可为探讨大规模增殖放流后黄海北部现有中国对虾种群的自然状况及制定相关管理策略提供科学依据。