抗球虫中药散剂常青散的亚急性毒性试验

为了测定抗球虫中药散剂常青散的亚急性毒性反应,取昆明小鼠为试验动物,随机分组,以临床应用剂量的2、4、8倍饲喂给药,确定常青散在28天内对小鼠的亚急性毒性反应。结果表明各试验组小鼠全部健活,体征、体重、外观、行为、采食量及饲料利用率、脏器系数、血液生理生化指标、脏器结构均无异常。常青散对受试动物未见有明显的亚急性毒性反应。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对动物繁殖性能的毒性作用及其机制

玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）一种由镰刀菌属产生的次级代谢物,化学结构与内源性雌激素相似,因此,ZEA可通过与雌激素竞争性结合雌激素受体,导致动物机体生殖激素代谢紊乱,诱发生殖器官形变及功能障碍,严重危害动物繁殖系统,解决ZEA污染问题己经成为当务之急。本文对ZEA的理化特性、毒性作用等进行综述,以期为有效缓解ZEA毒性及提高动物繁殖性能、促进畜牧业健康发展提供理论依据。     

恩诺沙星与磺胺二甲嘧啶联合毒性探究

本研究旨在探究恩诺沙星与磺胺二甲嘧啶的联合毒性。选取SD大鼠为试验对象,将其分成6组,每组12只,分别为高剂量联合用药组（500 mg/kg体重）、中剂量联合用药组（250 mg/kg体重）、低剂量联合用药组（50 mg/kg体重）、恩诺沙星单药组（250 mg/kg体重）、磺胺二甲嘧啶单药组（250 mg/kg体重）及对照组（等量0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液）,配制相应的药物进行灌胃,最后一次给药1 d后对大鼠进行称重、麻醉、心脏采血并剖检取肝脏组织,然后对大鼠增重率、血常规指标、血清生化指标及肝脏病理学变化几个方面进行分析,并利用SPSS 22.0软件评估2种药物的联合作用效果。结果显示,在雌性大鼠中,高、中剂量联合用药组使大鼠增重率显著下降（P<0.05）,雄性大鼠增重率无显著变化（P>0.05）;雄性大鼠给药组白细胞数量均显著增加（P<0.05）,高剂量联合用药组中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞占比分别表现为显著升高及下降（P<0.05）;高、中剂量联合用药组大鼠外周血中谷草转氨酶含量显著增加（P<0.05）,且高、中剂量联合用药组肝脏病理切片视野可见不同程度的炎性细胞浸润,并伴有不同程度的损伤。本研究结果表明,恩诺沙星和磺胺二甲嘧啶联用可使毒性增加,对大鼠的免疫系统状态有一定的影响,且能造成一定程度的肝脏损伤,剂量越高影响越大。本研究为恩诺沙星和磺胺二甲嘧啶联合用药机制的研究提供数据支持,并为二者的临床应用提供参考,提示新的食品安全评估应考虑药物联合暴露带来的影响。     

Effects of zinc on tissue uptake and toxicity of lead in Sprague Dawley rat

Lead (Pb) exposure occurs together with other metals including zinc (Zn). This study investigated the impact of Zn on Pb tissue accumulation and Pb-induced toxicities. Animals (n=6 rats per group) were exposed to lead acetate (PbAc) or a combination of PbAc and zinc acetate (ZnAc) under the following groups: control (deionized water), low PbAc [12 mg/kg PbAc (3 mg PbAc/rat/day)], low PbAc–ZnAc [12 mg/kg PbAc (3 mg PbAc/rat/day) + 0.2 mg ZnAc/rat/48 hr], high PbAc [120 mg/kg (30 mg PbAc/rat/day)], and high PbAc–ZnAc [120 mg/kg (30 mg PbAc/rat/day) + 1 mg ZnAc/rat/48 hr] for 8 weeks. A significant reduction in body weight gain was observed in the high PbAc group relative to the control group. Muscles and testes both had reduced and increased Pb uptake in low PbAc–ZnAc and high PbAc–ZnAc groups compared to PbAc only groups, respectively. Bone Pb levels in the high PbAc–ZnAc group were lower than the high PbAc group. Zinc co-administration attenuated Pb-induced inhibition of delta aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase enzyme and enhanced catalase enzyme activity at a high level of exposure. Moreover, ZnAc seems to have minimized the effects of Pb-induced mRNA dysregulation in antioxidant and antiapoptotic enzymes encoding genes. Heme oxygenase-1 was downregulated in the kidney and brain in the low PbAc group. Liver glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase-1 were downregulated in the high PbAc group. These findings suggest that zinc co-administration with lead may partially mitigate against Pb-induced toxicities.     

Effect of fasting duration on clinical pathology results in Wistar rats

Background: Fasting is an important preanalytical factor that may affect the interpretation of hematology and clinical biochemistry data in toxicology or pharmacology studies. Limited information is available on how the results may be affected by different durations of fasting. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of fasting duration on clinical pathology results in male and female rats and to determine an optimum fasting time for preclinical studies. Methods: Male and female Wistar rats (10 each per group) were fasted for 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 hours. Changes in body weight and in the results of routine CBC and clinical chemistry analysis were evaluated by 1‐way ANOVA. Results: Body weight was significantly decreased by 4 hours of fasting in all rats, and hemoglobin concentration was significantly increased at 16 hours in male rats. Serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations in both sexes and cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein‐C concentrations in female rats were also significantly decreased beginning at 16 hours. The creatinine concentration was increased in females after 16 hours of fasting. Serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities were significantly decreased after 8 hours in males and 16 hours in females. Conclusions: Fasting‐induced changes in clinical pathology results were consistent with hemoconcentration and altered nutrition and metabolic function. Most changes occurred at 16 hours, with minimal subsequent changes. Hence, a 16‐hour fasting duration may be recommended for preclinical studies involving clinical pathology measurements.     

乐果、铜和锌对水生生物的联合毒性研究

为通过不同生物等级的模式生物研究乐果、铜和锌的联合毒性,以明亮发光杆菌和斑马鱼胚胎为受试模式生物,通过混合毒性指数法（MTI法）评价了乐果、铜和锌的联合毒性效应。结果表明：明亮发光杆菌毒性测试显示,暴露测试15 min时,乐果、铜和锌的EC₅₀值分别为123、0.53 mg·L^-1和1.71 mg·L^-1;暴露测试30 min时,EC₅₀值分别为122、0.50 mg·L^-1和1.54 mg·L^-1。乐果-铜和乐果-锌暴露15 min测得的MTI分别为0.69和0.60。斑马鱼胚胎毒性测试显示,暴露72 h后乐果、铜和锌的LC50值分别为0.31、1.67 mg·L^-1和369 mg·L^-1。乐果-铜和乐果-锌暴露72 h后测得的MTI分别为0.70和0.75。研究表明,乐果和铜、锌分别混合后的联合毒性均有所增强,整体毒性表现为部分相加作用,因此两类物质在环境中的残留会对水生生物及其他生物造成潜在危害。     

有机胂添加剂对蛋白核小球藻及大型蚤的急性毒性研究

为评估有机胂添加剂对水环境的影响,以蛋白核小球藻、大型蚤为研究对象,研究了洛克沙胂、阿散酸对蛋白核小球藻和大型蚤的急性毒性.结果表明:洛克沙胂、阿散酸对蛋白核小球藻的24、48、72、96 h的半数有效抑制浓度(EC50)分别为:190.55、263.03、346.74、389.05 mg·L-1;239.88、308.18、418.12、410.40 mg·L-1(以原型药物计);均大于100 mg·L-1,在水环境中为低毒级化合物(急性Ⅲ化学物质以下).对大型蚤24 h-EC50分别是49.77、83.70 mg·L-1;48 h-EC50分别是39.00、57.48 mg·L-1,48 h-LC50分别是44.19、61.97 mg·L-1(均以原型药物计);依据蚤类急性活动抑制毒性分级标准,它们属于中毒级化合物.     

栉孔扇贝急性病毒性坏死症病毒cDNA文库的构建及部分序列分析

急性病毒性坏死症病毒（Acute Virus Necrobiotic Virus,AVNV）已被证实是一种对养殖栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）危害极大的致病病原.本研究应用基因克隆技术对AVNV基因组进行cDNA合成、克隆,并对部分克隆进行序列分析.采用差速和蔗糖密度梯度离心法,分离纯化AVNV.用Trizol试剂抽提病毒RNA,采用随机引物和Oligo（dT）双引物法,SuperScriptⅡ反转录酶合成cDNA,并克隆于pUC118质粒上,利用蓝白斑筛选阳性克隆子,PCR法快速鉴定重组质粒.经筛选得到2个阳性克隆23^#、52^#,插入片段大小约为1200 bp和800 bp.测序结果与GenBank的比对分析显示,尚未有类似的序列报道,提示该病毒可能为一种新发现的病毒.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：421-425]     

[C8mim]Br对蚯蚓抗氧化系统的亚慢性毒性效应

以OECD标准的基质染毒法测定了离子液体溴化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([C8mim]Br)对蚯蚓(Eisenia foetida)的急性毒性效应和亚慢件毒性条件下蚯蚓体内CAT、SOD、GST的活性和GSH、MDA含量的变化,以期初步分析[C8mim]Br对蚯蚓抗氧化系统的作用及其毒性作用的可能机理.结果表明,[C8mim]Br对蚯蚓的7 d-LD50和14 d-LD50分别为206.8 mg·kg-1和159.4 mg·kg-1.亚慢件暴露42 d后蚯蚓体内CAT的活件受到显著抑制;SOD的活性在低浓度(1～5 mg·kg-1)受到抑制,高浓度(20～40 mg·kg-1)被激活;在高浓度处理组(20～40 mg·kg-1)GST的活性显著高于对照.10～40 mg·kg-1浓度的[C8mim]Br处理组GSH的含量显著升高,各处理组MDA含量与对照相比没有差异.推测[C8mim]Br可能通过肠道吸收进入蚯蚓体内,并诱导了蚯蚓体内抗氧化系统的反馈效应.