对苯二胺对泥鳅的急性毒性及安全评价

研究对苯二胺对泥鳅的急性毒性并进行安全性评价。在实验室条件下,以染发剂的主要成分对苯二胺为诱变剂,采用半静水试验法,研究了对苯二胺在不同浓度(0、15、17.85、21.24、25.27和30mg/L)和不同染毒时间(24、48、72和96h)条件下,对泥鳅(Misgurnus angullicaudatus)的急性毒性作用。结果表明:对苯二胺24、48、72和96h的LC50分别是39.40、27.93、23.69和18.78mg/L,安全浓度为4.21mg/L。根据有毒物质对鱼类的急性毒性标准,对苯二胺属于高毒性污染物(LC50在1～100mg/L),建议染发时谨慎使用,并关注染发污水排放对环境的影响。     

在斑马鱼仔鱼脑部异体移植胚胎细胞的尝试

为建立斑马鱼(Danio rerio)脑部细胞移植模型,先用红色荧光染料标记供体胚胎细胞,再移植细胞到AB品系和两种转基因斑马鱼仔鱼脑部。荧光显微镜和组织学切片观察发现移植细胞沿组织或细胞间隙而不是通过血管向周围组织扩散,但细胞增殖分化不明显。在细胞移植24 h后,脑部组织学结构与对照组无明显差别。带有白血病基因的胚胎细胞在AB仔鱼的脑部没有产生肿瘤样增生和转移。相比之下,正常胚胎细胞在白血病模型的仔鱼脑部非白血病细胞聚集区出现较多增殖和迁移。这些结果提示脑局部微环境不支持移植细胞的增殖分化;细胞移植只能弥补局部细胞的空疏而不能用作细胞替代治疗。     

飞机草总黄酮提取工艺及其急性毒性研究

[目的]优化飞机草总黄酮提取工艺,并研究飞机草总黄酮提取物对小鼠的急性毒性。[方法]以飞机草总黄酮提取率为关键指标,采用超声波辅助乙醇溶剂提取法,通过单因素试验和正交试验设计,对提取时间、提取温度、料液比、乙醇浓度等提取条件进行优化,筛选飞机草总黄酮提取的最佳工艺;以昆明种小鼠为试验动物,进行飞机草总黄酮提取物口服急性毒性试验,测定半数致死LD50和最大耐受量。[结果]飞机草总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为提取时间5 h、提取温度70℃、料液比1∶60(g∶m L)、乙醇浓度70%,飞机草总黄酮提取率为7.13%;飞机草总黄酮提取物对昆明种小鼠的口服LD50未测得,其小鼠口服最大耐受量为80 000 mg/kg。[结论]飞机草总黄酮属于实际无毒物质。     

铅对波纹巴非蛤的急性毒性和组织蓄积性研究

[目的]研究不同浓度Pb2+对波纹巴非蛤的急性毒性。[方法]采用水生动物急性毒性试验方法,研究了不同浓度(3.0~7.0mg/L)Pb2+对波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulata)的急性毒性,分别对96 h半致死浓度(4.119 mg/L)和安全浓度(0.041 mg/L)下0~120 h各组织中Pb2+的蓄积量进行了测定。[结果]Pb2+对波纹巴非蛤24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为7.187、5.788、4.646和4.119 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为0.041 mg/L。铅对波纹巴非蛤的毒性级别为高毒级(LC50为1~100 mg/L)。在96 h半致死浓度和安全浓度下,120 h波纹巴非蛤各组织Pb2+的蓄积量从大到小均依次为鳃、内脏、肌肉。[结论]食用波纹巴非蛤有一定的安全风险。     

Epipolythiodiketopiperazines from the Marine Derived Fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii with NF-κB Inhibitory Potential

The Ascomycota Dichotomomyces cejpii was isolated from the marine sponge Callyspongia cf. C. flammea. A new gliotoxin derivative, 6-acetylmonodethiogliotoxin (1) was obtained from fungal extracts. Compounds 2 and 3, methylthio-gliotoxin derivatives were formerly only known as semi-synthetic compounds and are here described as natural products. Additionally the polyketide heveadride (4) was isolated. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 dose-dependently down-regulated TNFα-induced NF-κB activity in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells with IC_50s of 38.5 ± 1.2 µM, 65.7 ± 2.0 µM and 82.7 ± 11.3 µM, respectively. The molecular mechanism was studied with the most potent compound 1 and results indicate downstream inhibitory effects targeting binding of NF-κB to DNA. Compound 1 thus demonstrates potential of epimonothiodiketopiperazine-derived compounds for the development of NF-κB inhibitors.     

Prevalence of Gastric Ulcerations in Horses with Colic

The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastric ulcers in horses with acute abdominal crisis (colic) and to examine the temporal effect of hospitalization on ulcer development in equine patients treated for colic. In addition, other factors that may be associated with gastric ulceration were also explored. The study design was a prospective original study incorporating 169 horses that presented to the George D. Widener Hospital for examination. One hundred and twelve horses presenting with the chief complaint of colic were included in the study group, and 57 horses that presented for non-colic or nonemergency complaints were evaluated and included as case controls. Gastroscopy was performed on equine patients presenting with the chief complaint of colic or horses presenting for reasons other than colic (control); mucosal changes were scored 0 to 3. Additionally, horses presenting for colic were gastroscopically evaluated twice during a 5-day period. Medical records were reviewed for history, clinical findings, laboratory results, and treatment. Seventy-six of 112 horses presenting with the chief complaint of colic had gastric ulceration compared with 41 of 57 horses in the control group. There was a significant association between age of the patient and chief complaint (ie, colic vs control) and between breed and chief complaint. There was no association between gastric ulcer score and chief complaint (colic vs control). Thirty-eight of the 112 horses presenting with colic deteriorated in ulcer score while hospitalized. Using a Pearson chi-squared test, there was no statistically significant association between gastric ulceration with age, breed, or sex. Horses with gastric ulceration in the colic group had lower packed cell volumes compared with horses presenting with colic without gastric ulcers, and this was statistically significant (P < .001). The high incidence of gastric ulceration in the study and control groups supports the reports of other investigators that gastric ulcers in horses, no matter the presenting complaint, are widespread. There was a significant association between breed and chief complaint (P = .005); however, breed and outcome of gastric ulceration were not related (Thoroughbreds were the least likely breed to present for colic). Although a trend in increasing gastric ulceration was seen in hospitalized colic patients, it was not statistically significant. This suggests that horses that are hospitalized may be at increased risk for developing gastric ulcers because of stress, feed deprivation, and administration of treatment. Thus, horses that present for colic should be gastroscopically evaluated if clinical signs raise the index of suspicion for gastric ulceration.     

Flow cytometric patterns in blood from dogs with non-neoplastic and neoplastic hematologic diseases using double labeling for CD18 and CD45

BACKGROUND: In dogs, flow cytometry is used in the phenotyping of immunologic cells and in the diagnosis of hemic neoplasia. However, the paucity of specific antibodies for myeloid cells and B lymphocytes and of labeled antibodies for multicolor techniques limits the ability to detect all leukocyte subpopulations. This is especially true for neoplastic and precursor cells. CD18 and CD45 are expressed on all leukocytes and are involved in cell activation, and together could be useful in helping determine cell lineage. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to double label canine blood for CD18 and CD45 and to use the differential expression of antigens to identify leukocyte populations in dogs with non-neoplastic and neoplastic hematologic diseases. METHODS: A template was developed using blood samples from 10 clinically healthy dogs and a back-gating technique. Differential leukocyte counts obtained with the template were compared with those obtained by manual and automated methods on blood samples from 17 additional healthy dogs. Blood samples obtained from 9 dogs with non-neoplastic (reactive) hematologic diseases and 27 dogs with hemic neoplasia were double stained for CD18 and CD45 using mouse anticanine CD18 monoclonal antibody (mAb) plus phycoerythrin-conjugated rat anticanine CD45 mAb and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated rabbit antimouse IgG. Hemic neoplasms were diagnosed by cell morphology, and immunophenotypic and cytochemical markers. RESULTS: With the double label, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and T- and B-lymphocytes were identified. In reactive disorders, a population of activated neutrophils with high CD45 and CD18 expression was detected. In hemic neoplasia, cell lineage was easily determined, even in acute leukemia. CONCLUSIONS: Double labeling for CD18/CD45 may be useful as a screening method to evaluate hematologic diseases and help determine cell lineage, and to aid in the selection of a panel of antibodies that would be useful for further analysis.     

不同水温条件下重金属对三角帆蚌幼蚌的急性致毒效应

[目的]探索重金属在不同水温条件下对双壳贝类的毒性效应。[方法] 采用静态急性毒性试验的方法研究了在21、25和29 ℃条件下水体中不同浓度的Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋ 对三角帆蚌幼蚌存活的影响。[结果] 在3种水温条件下,3种重金属离子对三角帆蚌幼蚌的毒性大小依次为：Hg^2＋〉Cd^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉。水温在21、25和29 ℃条件下,3种重金属对三角帆蚌幼蚌的96 h半致死浓度（LC50）分别为：Hg^2＋分别是3.435 9、 0.129 2 和 0.108 7 mg/L;Cd^2＋分别是6.345 9、1.003 7 和0.387 9 mg/L;Zn^2＋分别是116.928 8、4.951 5 和 2.849 7 mg/L。当水温从21 ℃升至25 ℃时,Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋对幼蚌的毒性分别增强了26.6、6.3 和23.6倍;水温从25 ℃升至29 ℃时,Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的毒性分别增强了1.2、2.6和1.7倍。[结论] 水温是重金属急性毒性效应的影响因素,随着温度的升高,重金属的毒性逐渐增强。     

小鼠褪黑激素注射的毒理性研究

[目的]进一步为褪黑激素的腹腔注射毒理性评价提供依据。[方法]分别进行急性毒性试验、亚急性毒性试验和小鼠Ames、微核、精子畸形试验,研究小鼠褪黑激素注射的毒理性。[结果]褪黑激素小鼠腹腔注射急性毒性试验LD50为（255．910±41．188）mg／kg;亚急性毒性试验结果显示,各组红细胞数和白细胞数均在正常范围内,淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性细胞、嗜碱性细胞差异不显著;解剖未发现异常变化,各组织切片亦无病理性变化。小鼠Ames、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果表明,小鼠腹腔注射褪黑激素无致突变作用。不会诱发小鼠体细胞染色体和精子发生畸变。[结论]小鼠腹腔注射褪黑激素,血象、部分血液生化指标和组织均未产生毒性影响,同时也无染色体畸变、诱发突变和精子致畸作用,但推测褪黑激素可能对神经有一定的毒性。     

1例犬的急性肾损伤病例的诊断和治疗

介绍了1例临床表现为持续高烧、呕吐、肌肉强直的患犬,通过全面的一般检查、X光检查、B超检查和实验室检查,疑似为由急性肾衰竭引起的肾损伤。在保肾、利尿的原则下,进行诊断性治疗,消除临床症状,该犬最终痊愈出院。