基于BP神经网络的竹林遥感监测研究

竹林信息提取对利用遥感技术估算竹林碳储量至关重要,高精度地提取竹林信息将有利于降低碳储量估算误差。借助Matlab神经网络模块．采用BP神经网络（back propagation neural network）对ETM＋（enhanced themativ mapper plus）遥感影像提取竹林信息,得到了较高的精度,生产精度和用户精度分别为84．04％和98．75％;同时比较了Levenberg-Marquardt BP算法函数（Trainlm）、自适应学习率BP的梯度递减函数（Traingda）和梯度下降动量BP算法函数（Traingdm）等3种训练函数在分类中的差异。分析表明,Traingda算法函数分类精度最高,而Trainlm算法函数的训练时间最短。     

心肌缺血后处理对急性心肌梗死患者血清CK和CK-MB的影响

目的探讨缺血后处理对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者血清CK和CK-MB峰值及其动态变化的影响.方法将64例12 h内行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的ST段抬高型AMI患者随机分为两组,对照组34例,缺血后处理组30例.对照组给予单纯再灌注治疗,缺血后处理组采用再灌注30 s/再缺血30 s,交替3次后再持续灌注的方法.观察两组发病72 h CK和CK-MB峰值及72 h CK值动态变化.结果对照组和实验组CK峰值分别为（1 732.30±480.10）U/L和（1 162.10±547.82）U/L,CK-MB峰值分别为（280.12±99.24）U/L和（164.70±69.67）U/L（P〈0.01）;缺血后处理组72 h CK释放曲线显著低于对照组.结论急性心肌缺血后处理能够显著减少AMI患者CK和CK-MB的释放,从而减轻心肌再灌注损伤.     

Close, impinging and overriding spinous processes in the thoracolumbar spine: the relationship between radiological and scintigraphic findings and clinical signs

Reasons for performing study: There has been no objective study comparing radiological features of spinous processes (SPs) in the thoracolumbar region and/or scintigraphic findings with clinical signs. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the presence or absence of clinical signs of back pain and: 1) radiological findings of close, impinging or overriding SPs; 2) increased radiopharmaceutical uptake (IRU) in the SPs; and 3) the combination of radiological findings and IRU. Also to determine the prevalence of concurrent osseous pathology. Methods: Five‐hundred and eighty‐two horses, presented for perceived back pain and poor performance, underwent comprehensive clinical investigation including diagnostic analgesia of the forelimbs, hindlimbs, back and sacroiliac joints, and radiographic and scintigraphic evaluation of the thoracolumbar spine. Radiological and scintigraphic grades were determined subjectively. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the relationships between clinical signs of back pain, radiological and scintigraphic features, age, breed, gender, discipline, height and weight. Results: Thoroughbreds (TBs) were over‐represented with thoracolumbar pain compared with Warmbloods and TB cross breeds. There was a significant association between maximum and total radiological grades of the SPs and thoracolumbar pain, between maximum and total grades of IRU and thoracolumbar pain, and between a combination of radiological and scintigraphic abnormalities and thoracolumbar pain. Horses with osteoarthritis (OA) of the synovial intervertebral articulations (SIAs) were more likely to have thoracolumbar pain than horses with lesions of the SPs alone, but the presence of OA of the SIAs and lesions of the SPs was associated with the highest likelihood of thoracolumbar pain. Conclusions and potential relevance: Fore‐ or hindlimb lameness and/or pain associated with the sacroiliac joints could mimic primary thoracolumbar pain. A combination of radiology and scintigraphy gives the most accurate prediction of thoracolumbar pain, but diagnostic analgesia is crucial for accurate diagnosis.     

基于德尔菲法的中医护理干预对肺癌患者的影响分析

目的 探讨基于德尔菲法的中医护理干预对肺癌患者的影响。方法 选取2016年4月至2017年4月收治的给予常规护理干预的肺癌患者78例作为对照组,另选取2017年5月至2018年5月收治的给予基于德尔菲法的中医护理干预的肺癌患者78例作为观察组。对比两组生活质量、疼痛程度。结果 观察组干预3个月后认知功能、社会功能、情绪功能、躯体功能、角色功能及总体健康评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;观察组干预3个月后疼痛程度轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 基于德尔菲法的中医护理干预应用于肺癌患者中,能够有效提高患者的生活质量,减轻其疼痛程度,值得推广。     

Analgesic effect of angiotensin angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor antagonist EMA401 on neuropathic pain in rats and its mechanism

AIM: To explore whether angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor antagonist EMA401 decreases neuropathic pain and the expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), protein kinase C (PKC) and calmodulin (CaM) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. METHODS: SD rats were used to establish CCI model and randomly divided into 4 groups. The rats in model group were given equal volume of normal saline by intragastric administration. The rats in low dose (LD) group were given 5 mg/kg EMA401 by intragastric administration. The rats in middle dose (MD) group were given 10 mg/kg EMA401 by intragastric administration. The rats high dose (HD) group were given 20 mg/kg EMA401 by intragastric administration. The rats in sham operation group received equal volume of normal saline by intragastric administration. Thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) were measured before operation and 7 d, 14 d and 28 d after CCI. After behavioral test, DRG of lumbar spinal was obtained from each group, and was used to determine Ca²⁺ concentration by o-cresolphthalein complexone microplating method, and the expression of GAP-43, PKC and CaM at mRNA and protein levels by Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with model group, EMA401 significantly increased the TWL and MWT (P<0.05). Meanwhile, EMA401 significantly reduced Ca²⁺ concentration and the expression of GAP-43, PKC and CaM at mRNA and protein levels in the DRG (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: EMA401 may attenuate neuropathic pain of CCI by inhibiting Ca²⁺ concentration and the expression of GAP-43, PKC and CaM.     

乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒的毒理安全性研究

[目的]为判定聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒对人体健康是否产生危害,进行了聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒的安全性毒理学评价。[方法]采用急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核实验、微小鼠精子畸形试验和30 d喂养试验对聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒急性毒性、致突变性以及亚慢性毒性进行了研究。[结果]聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒小鼠急性毒性试验LD50大于20.0 g/(kg.bw),属实际无毒;对基因、体细胞与生殖细胞无明显致突作用;受试物分别按1.00、2.00、4.00 g/(kg.bw)的剂量喂养大鼠30 d,结果表明动物未出现异常。[结论]根据试验结果,可判定聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒为安全性食品。     

Influence of infecting serogroup on clinical features of leptospirosis in dogs

The purpose of this study was to review recent cases of leptospirosis seen at referral centers in New York State and to identify differences in clinical or clinicopathologic aspects of the disease among different suspected infecting serogroups. Medical records at the Cornell University Hospital for Animals and the Animal Medical Center in New York City were reviewed to identify dogs diagnosed with leptospirosis from September 1996 to August 2002. Records of 55 dogs met the inclusion criteria for the study. The suspected infecting serogroups included 21 occurrences of Grippotyphosa, 12 of Pomona, 6 of Autumnalis, 5 of Bratislava, 2 of Hardjo, and 1 of Canicola. Five dogs had equal titers to serogroups Grippotyphosa and Pomona, and 3 had equal titers to 2 other serogroups. Common clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. Common clinicopathologic findings included anemia, thrombocytopenia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, high liver enzyme activity, and hyperbilirubinemia. Forty-three of 55 dogs were discharged from the hospital. Serogroup-specific analysis indicated that dogs with suspected serogroup Pomona infection were more likely to suffer from vomiting (P = .01), thrombocytopenia (P = .009), severe azotemia (P = .04), and hyperphosphatemia (P = .006) than dogs with other serogroups and were less likely to be discharged alive from the hospital (P = .03). This study suggests that only minor clinically relevant differences exist among serogroups. Leptospira serogroup Pomona caused more severe renal disease and was associated with a worse outcome compared with disease caused by other serogroups.     

虎潜丸加减方治疗肾阴虚型原发性骨质疏松症骨性疼痛的疗效观察

目的 观察虎潜丸加减方对肾阴虚型原发性骨质疏松症的止痛效果。方法 将肾阴虚型原发性骨质疏松症患者136例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组66例和观察组70例。对照组予常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予虎潜丸加减方,2组疗程均为3个月。用视觉模拟评分法与MgGee疼痛标尺法评估两组患者治疗前后的疼痛评分,并比较两组患者骨质疏松症症状评分、骨密度变化及不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组治疗后视觉模拟评分法与MgGee疼痛标尺法的评分均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,骨质疏松症各项临床症状评分均较对照组下降明显（P<0.05）;治疗后两组患者骨密度测值均无明显变化（P>0.05）,且两组患者均未出现严重药物不良反应。结论 虎潜丸加减方可改善肾阴虚型原发性骨质疏松症患者各项临床症状,抑制骨性疼痛,且可维持患者骨量,无明显不良反应,值得临床推广。     

鲁中南山丘区耕地地力的遥感反演模型与应用

耕地地力是耕地生产能力的重要表征,地力的遥感快速准确反演是耕地资源利用管理的客观需求。该研究针对鲁中南山丘区,选择东平县和滕州市2个代表性县市,利用东平县的TM影像构建与筛选光谱指标,通过经典统计分析（一元线性回归、曲线回归、多元逐步线性回归）和机器学习（BP神经网络、极限学习机）方法构建与优选反演模型,进而在滕州市进行模型的验证和应用,同时对不同时相的反演模型进行了比较分析。结果表明：5类光谱指标与耕地地力综合指数均有显著的相关性,其中改进型光谱指数的r均>0.684,能更好地反映耕地地力状况;最佳反演模型为经典统计分析方法中的改进指数组-多元逐步线性回归（IIG-MLSR）模型（R2=0.684,RMSE=5.674）和机器学习算法的改进指数组-BP神经网络（IIG-BPNN）模型（R2=0.746,RMSE=5.089）;模型在山丘区具有较好的普适性,地力反演与评价的结果具有相似的空间分布特征、相近的耕地面积比例和较高的空间契合度。其中2个最佳模型的高中低3级耕地的面积比例差普遍低于5.55个百分点,空间契合度分别为84.50%和88.76%;模型动态反演分析结果显示,2007—2016年滕州市耕地地力不断提升,高级地由67.30%增加至80.72%;不同时相模型比较结果显示,多时相遥感反演耕地地力具备可行性,4月份冬小麦返青拔节期是反演的最佳时相,10月份裸土时相次之,8月份夏玉米时相最差。该研究提出了山丘区耕地地力快速定量遥感反演的有效方法,对完善遥感反演指标与模型,提高评价效率有参考价值。